Access to Transport - Revision history

Wiki Gardener at 11:58, 8 October 2014

2014-10-08T11:58:27Z

Ranisha at 10:04, 20 August 2014

2014-08-20T10:04:16Z

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2014-08-20T09:46:23Z

‎Further Information

Ranisha at 09:43, 20 August 2014

2014-08-20T09:43:27Z

Wiki Gardener at 15:37, 17 June 2014

2014-06-17T15:37:13Z

Dominik Schmid: /* Mobility and Rural Development */

2013-11-21T03:41:22Z

‎Mobility and Rural Development

Dominik Schmid: /* Mobility and Rural Development */

2013-11-21T03:39:51Z

‎Mobility and Rural Development

Andrea Kaesbohrer: /* Mobility and Rural Development */

2013-11-20T23:22:51Z

‎Mobility and Rural Development

Andrea Kaesbohrer: /* Mobility and Rural Development */

2013-11-20T12:38:38Z

‎Mobility and Rural Development

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu at 10:44, 11 November 2013

2013-11-11T10:44:22Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Portal:Mobility|► Back to Mobility Portal]]
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 Many factors drive economic and social development in rural areas. A factor that is invariably crucial is the access of people living in rural areas to transport infrastructure and services. Without transport, goods and services cannot be brought in sufficient quantity to the people who need them, agricultural products cannot be taken to market, children cannot attend school and those in need of medical attention cannot get to the nearest clinic. A diverse and vibrant exchange between rural areas and conurbations also depends on an effective transport system, as does participation in political and social life. Evaluating the part played by transport in rural development requires a broad perspective that does not merely focus on the rural road network and the accessibility of local markets and basic services but in addition considers the trans-regional links, including import and export corridors and hubs, that are also important for economic development.<br/>
 <u>The links between mobility and rural development will be explained more thoroughly within the following articles</u>
-[[Access_To_Basic_Services_and_Accessibility_of_the_Population|1. Access to Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population]]
+[[Access To Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population|1. Access to Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population]]
 . Economic perspective
-[[The_Perspective_of_Agricultural_Production:_Access_to_Inputs_and_Markets|2.1 The Perspective of Agricultural production: Access to Inputs and Markets]]<br/>[[Rural-Urban-Linkages|2.2 Rural-Urban-Linkages]]
+[[The Perspective of Agricultural Production: Access to Inputs and Markets|2.1 The Perspective of Agricultural production: Access to Inputs and Markets]]<br/>[[Rural-Urban-Linkages|2.2 Rural-Urban-Linkages]]
-[[The_Role_of_Trade_in_Marketing_Rural_Products|2.3 The Role of Trade in Marketing Rural Products]]
+[[The Role of Trade in Marketing Rural Products|2.3 The Role of Trade in Marketing Rural Products]]
-[[The_Environment_and_Safety:_Adverse_Effects_of_Transport_Infrastructure|3. The Environment and Safety: Adverse Effects of Transport Infrastructure]]
+[[The Environment and Safety: Adverse Effects of Transport Infrastructure|3. The Environment and Safety: Adverse Effects of Transport Infrastructure]]
 <br/>
@@ Line 27: / Line 30: @@
 <u>Options for further engagement of the international development cooperation is covered in the following part:</u>
-. [[Promoting_Rural_Development_through_Mobility|Promoting Rural Development through Mobility]]
+. [[Promoting Rural Development through Mobility|Promoting Rural Development through Mobility]]
 <br/>
@@ Line 35: / Line 38: @@
 <br/>
-The following picture gives an overview about the key links between access to transport and rural economic development and food security.[[File:Transport access.jpg|border|center|500px|Accessing Transport - Key links to food security and economic development]]<br/>In the following, a few regional examples for a clearer view:<br/>'''<u>Access - From Farm to Market:</u>'''<br/>
+The following picture gives an overview about the key links between access to transport and rural economic development and food security.[[File:Transport access.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Accessing Transport - Key links to food security and economic development|alt=Accessing Transport - Key links to food security and economic development]]<br/>In the following, a few regional examples for a clearer view:<br/>'''<u>Access - From Farm to Market:</u>'''<br/>
 In India, at least 50% of the production of fruits and vegetables is lost due to wastage and value destruction, with lack of adequate transport being one among the multiple causes. Annual costs estimated at 5 billion US$ .(Ahsan 2006, 133)<br/>
@@ Line 61: / Line 64: @@
 <br/>
-*<font face="Arial, sans-serif">Faiz, A. (2012): The Promise of Rural Roads - Review of the Role of Low-Volume Roads in Rural Connectivity, Poverty Reduction, Crisis Management, and Livability. – The Transportation Research Circular. – No. E-C167. – Washington. </font>[http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167787.aspx http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167787.aspx]
+*<font face="Arial, sans-serif">Faiz, A. (2012): The Promise of Rural Roads - Review of the Role of Low-Volume Roads in Rural Connectivity, Poverty Reduction, Crisis Management, and Livability. – The Transportation Research Circular. – No. E-C167. – Washington. </font>[http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167787.aspx www.trb.org]
 <br/>
-*<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="background: transparent">White, P. (2011): Equitable Access - Remote and Rural Communities Transport Needs. – International Transport Forum. – Discussion Paper 2011-19.</span></font>[http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/DP201119.pdf http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/DP201119.pdf]
+*<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="background: transparent">White, P. (2011): Equitable Access - Remote and Rural Communities Transport Needs. – International Transport Forum. – Discussion Paper 2011-19.</span></font>[http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/DP201119.pdf www.internationaltransportforum.org]
 <br/>
 <u>Further information on Transport and Poverty Reduction:</u><br/>
-*<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="background: transparent">ILO (2008): Rural Transport, Poverty Reduction and Livelihood Improvement in the Lao PDR. – A Background Paper for Participants of the National Workshop:</span></font>[http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/genericdocument/wcms_099618.pdf http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/genericdocument/wcms_099618.pdf]
+*<font face="Arial, sans-serif"><span style="background: transparent">ILO (2008): Rural Transport, Poverty Reduction and Livelihood Improvement in the Lao PDR. – A Background Paper for Participants of the National Workshop:</span></font>[http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/genericdocument/wcms_099618.pdf www.ilo.org]
 <br/>
-*<font face="Arial, sans-serif">Setboonsarng, S. (2008): The Impact of Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Support Services on Poverty: The Case of Agrarian Reform Communities in the Philippines. – ADB Institute Discussion Paper No. 110. – Japan.</font>[http://www.adbi.org/files/dp110.rural.infrastructure.agricultural.support.philippines.pdf http://www.adbi.org/files/dp110.rural.infrastructure.agricultural.support.philippines.pdf]
+*<font face="Arial, sans-serif">Setboonsarng, S. (2008): The Impact of Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Support Services on Poverty: The Case of Agrarian Reform Communities in the Philippines. – ADB Institute Discussion Paper No. 110. – Japan</font>[http://www.adbi.org/files/dp110.rural.infrastructure.agricultural.support.philippines.pdf www.adbi.org]
 <br/>
+= <span style="font-size: 21.81818199157715px;  line-height: 30px">References</span> =
 = <span style="font-size: 21.81818199157715px; line-height: 30px">References</span> =
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Rural_Development]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview =
@@ Line 10: / Line 11: @@
 Many factors drive economic and social development in rural areas. A factor that is invariably crucial is the access of people living in rural areas to transport infrastructure and services. Without transport, goods and services cannot be brought in sufficient quantity to the people who need them, agricultural products cannot be taken to market, children cannot attend school and those in need of medical attention cannot get to the nearest clinic. A diverse and vibrant exchange between rural areas and conurbations also depends on an effective transport system, as does participation in political and social life. Evaluating the part played by transport in rural development requires a broad perspective that does not merely focus on the rural road network and the accessibility of local markets and basic services but in addition considers the trans-regional links, including import and export corridors and hubs, that are also important for economic development.<br/>
-<u>The links between mobility and rural development will be explained more thouroughly within the following articles</u>
+<u>The links between mobility and rural development will be explained more thoroughly within the following articles</u>
 [[Access_To_Basic_Services_and_Accessibility_of_the_Population|1. Access to Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population]]
@@ Line 24: / Line 25: @@
 <br/>
-<u>Options for further engagement of the international development coorperation is covered in the following part:</u>
+<u>Options for further engagement of the international development cooperation is covered in the following part:</u>
 . [[Promoting_Rural_Development_through_Mobility|Promoting Rural Development through Mobility]]
@@ Line 40: / Line 41: @@
 <br/>'''<u>Access - From Small Villages to Rural Towns:</u>'''
-More than 900m People worldwide lack access to all-weather roads. The risk of death during giving birth is 36times higher for women in developing countries, not least to the lack of access to medical treatment (WHO 2010)
+More than 900m People worldwide lack access to all-weather roads. The risk of death during giving birth is 36 times higher for women in developing countries, not least to the lack of access to medical treatment (WHO 2010)
 <br/>
@@ Line 80: / Line 81: @@
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Rural_Development]]

@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 <br/><u>Further information on Transport and Rural Development:</u><br/>
-*Transport Division (TD) & Asian Institute of Transport Development (2000): Impact of Rural Infrastructure Investment. – In: Evaluation of Infrastructural Interventions for Rural Poverty Alleviation. – pp. 29-44: [http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TPTS_pubs/pub_1959/rurpov_ch3.pdf http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Rural_Poverty_fulltext.pdf]
+*Transport Division (TD) & Asian Institute of Transport Development (2000): Impact of Rural Infrastructure Investment. – In: Evaluation of Infrastructural Interventions for Rural Poverty Alleviation. – pp. 29-44: [http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Rural_Poverty_fulltext.pdf www.unescap.org]
 <br/>
@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 <br/>
 = <span style="font-size: 21.81818199157715px; line-height: 30px">References</span> =

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 <u>The links between mobility and rural development will be explained more thouroughly within the following articles</u>
-[[Access To Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population|1. Access to Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population]]
+[[Access_To_Basic_Services_and_Accessibility_of_the_Population|1. Access to Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population]]
 . Economic perspective
-[[The Perspective of Agricultural Production: Access to Inputs and Markets|2.1 The Perspective of Agricultural production: Access to Inputs and Markets]]<br/>[[Rural-Urban-Linkages|2.2 Rural-Urban-Linkages]]
+[[The_Perspective_of_Agricultural_Production:_Access_to_Inputs_and_Markets|2.1 The Perspective of Agricultural production: Access to Inputs and Markets]]<br/>[[Rural-Urban-Linkages|2.2 Rural-Urban-Linkages]]
-[[The Role of Trade in Marketing Rural Products|2.3 The Role of Trade in Marketing Rural Products]]
+[[The_Role_of_Trade_in_Marketing_Rural_Products|2.3 The Role of Trade in Marketing Rural Products]]
-−
-[[The Environment and Safety: Adverse Effects of Transport Infrastructure|3. The Environment and Safety: Adverse Effects of Transport Infrastructure]]
 <u>Options for further engagement of the international development coorperation is covered in the following part:</u>
-. [[Promoting Rural Development through Mobility|Promoting Rural Development through Mobility]]
+. [[Promoting_Rural_Development_through_Mobility|Promoting Rural Development through Mobility]]
 <br/>
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 <br/>
-The following picture gives an overview about the key links between access to transport and rural economic development and food security.[[File:Transport access.jpg|frame|center|500px|Accessing Transport - Key links to food security and economic development]]<br/>In the following, a few regional examples for a clearer view:<br/>'''<u>Access - From Farm to Market:</u>'''<br/>
+The following picture gives an overview about the key links between access to transport and rural economic development and food security.[[File:Transport access.jpg|border|center|500px|Accessing Transport - Key links to food security and economic development]]<br/>In the following, a few regional examples for a clearer view:<br/>'''<u>Access - From Farm to Market:</u>'''<br/>
 In India, at least 50% of the production of fruits and vegetables is lost due to wastage and value destruction, with lack of adequate transport being one among the multiple causes. Annual costs estimated at 5 billion US$ .(Ahsan 2006, 133)<br/>
@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 <br/><u>Further information on Transport and Rural Development:</u><br/>
-*Transport Division (TD) & Asian Institute of Transport Development (2000): Impact of Rural Infrastructure Investment. – In: Evaluation of Infrastructural Interventions for Rural Poverty Alleviation. – pp. 29-44: [http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TPTS_pubs/pub_1959/rurpov_ch3.pdf http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TPTS_pubs/pub_1959/rurpov_ch3.pdf]
+*Transport Division (TD) & Asian Institute of Transport Development (2000): Impact of Rural Infrastructure Investment. – In: Evaluation of Infrastructural Interventions for Rural Poverty Alleviation. – pp. 29-44: [http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/Publications/TPTS_pubs/pub_1959/rurpov_ch3.pdf http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Rural_Poverty_fulltext.pdf]
 <br/>
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 <br/>
-= <span style="font-size: 21.81818199157715px;  line-height: 30px">References</span> =
+= <span style="font-size: 21.81818199157715px; line-height: 30px">References</span> =
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Mobility]]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 <br/>
 = Mobility and Rural Development<br/> =
@@ Line 25: / Line 21: @@
 [[The Environment and Safety: Adverse Effects of Transport Infrastructure|3. The Environment and Safety: Adverse Effects of Transport Infrastructure]]
 <u>Options for further engagement of the international development coorperation is covered in the following part:</u>
@@ Line 53: / Line 51: @@
 <br/>
 = Further Information =
-*[[Portal:Mobility|Portal:Mobility]]
+*[[Portal:Mobility|Mobility Portal on energypedia]]
 <br/><u>Further information on Transport and Rural Development:</u><br/>
@@ Line 78: / Line 75: @@
 <br/>
-= <span style="font-size: 21.81818199157715px; line-height: 30px;">References</span> =
+= <span style="font-size: 21.81818199157715px;  line-height: 30px">References</span> =
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Rural_Development]]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 <br/>
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 Many factors drive economic and social development in rural areas. A factor that is invariably crucial is the access of people living in rural areas to transport infrastructure and services. Without transport, goods and services cannot be brought in sufficient quantity to the people who need them, agricultural products cannot be taken to market, children cannot attend school and those in need of medical attention cannot get to the nearest clinic. A diverse and vibrant exchange between rural areas and conurbations also depends on an effective transport system, as does participation in political and social life. Evaluating the part played by transport in rural development requires a broad perspective that does not merely focus on the rural road network and the accessibility of local markets and basic services but in addition considers the trans-regional links, including import and export corridors and hubs, that are also important for economic development.<br/>
-<u>The links between mobility and rural development will be explained more thouroughly within the following articles:</u>
+<u>The links between mobility and rural development will be explained more thouroughly within the following articles</u>
-#[[Access To Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population|Access to Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population]]
-#Economic perspective
-[[The Perspective of Agricultural Production: Access to Inputs and Markets|2.1 The Perspective of Agricultural production: Access to Inputs and Markets]]<br/> [[Rural-Urban-Linkages|2.2 Rural-Urban-Linkages]]
+[[Access To Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population|1. Access to Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population]]
 [[The Role of Trade in Marketing Rural Products|2.3 The Role of Trade in Marketing Rural Products]]
@@ Line 24: / Line 27: @@
 <u>Options for further engagement of the international development coorperation is covered in the following part:</u>
-#[[Promoting Rural Development through Mobility|Promoting Rural Development through Mobility]]
 <br/>

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 <br/>
@@ Line 13: / Line 14: @@
 <br/>
-<u>The significance of transport will be explained more thouroughly within the following articles:</u>
+<u>The links between mobility and rural developmente will be explained more thouroughly within the following articles:</u>
-#[[Access To Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population|Access to Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population]]<br/>
+#[[Access To Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population|Access to Basic Services and Accessibility of the Population]]
-#[[The Perspective of Agricultural Production: Access to Inputs and Markets|The Perspective of Agricultural production: Access to Inputs and Markets]]<br/>
+#Economic perspective
-#[[Rural-Urban-Linkages|Rural-Urban-Linkages]]
-#[[The_Role_of_Trade_in_Marketing_Rural_Products|The Role of Trade in Marketing Rural Products]]
-−
-<u>The adverse effects on the environment and safety of transport infrastructure are shown in this article:</u>
+[[Rural-Urban-Linkages|2.2 Rural-Urban-Linkages]]
-#[[The_Environment_and_Safety:_Adverse_Effects_of_Transport_Infrastructure|The Environment and Safety: Adverse Effects of Transport Infrastructure]]
 <u>Possibilities for international coorperation will be treated in the following part:</u>
-#[[Promoting_Rural_Development_through_Mobility|Promoting Rural Development through Mobility]]
+#[[Promoting Rural Development through Mobility|Promoting Rural Development through Mobility]]
 <br/>

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 <br/>
-The following picture gives an overview about the key links between access to transport and rural economic development and food security.[[File:Transport access.jpg|frame|center|700px|Accessing Transport - Key links to food security and economic development]]<br/>In the following, a few regional examples for a clearer view:<br/>'''<u>Access - From Farm to Market:</u><br/>'''
+The following picture gives an overview about the key links between access to transport and rural economic development and food security.[[File:Transport access.jpg|frame|center|500px|Accessing Transport - Key links to food security and economic development]]<br/>In the following, a few regional examples for a clearer view:<br/>'''<u>Access - From Farm to Market:</u>'''<br/>
 In India, at least 50% of the production of fruits and vegetables is lost due to wastage and value destruction, with lack of adequate transport being one among the multiple causes. Annual costs estimated at 5 billion US$ .(Ahsan 2006, 133)<br/>
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 <br/>
-'''<u>Trade Infrastructure:</u><br/>'''Average costs for container handling (ship-to-gate) in East Africa are US$135–275, compared to only US$80–154 in the rest of the world (AICD 2008)
+'''<u>Trade Infrastructure:</u>'''<br/>Average costs for container handling (ship-to-gate) in East Africa are US$135–275, compared to only US$80–154 in the rest of the world (AICD 2008)
 <br/>
-'''<u>Trade Corridors:</u><br/>'''29 % of total transport costs for getting a truck load of onions from Madaoua, Niger to Accra, Ghana are caused by corruption (Bromley et al 2011)<br/>Landlocked countries in Africa may lose the equivalent of up to 40% of the export on high transport costs (Naudé/Matthee 2007)<ref name="Machbarkeitsstudie zum Thema Verkehr in der deutschen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, im Auftrag des BMZ, GIZ 2013, unveröffentlicht.">Machbarkeitsstudie zum Thema Verkehr in der deutschen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, im Auftrag des BMZ, GIZ 2013, unveröffentlicht.</ref><br/>
+'''<u>Trade Corridors:</u>'''<br/>29 % of total transport costs for getting a truck load of onions from Madaoua, Niger to Accra, Ghana are caused by corruption (Bromley et al 2011)<br/>Landlocked countries in Africa may lose the equivalent of up to 40% of the export on high transport costs (Naudé/Matthee 2007)<ref name="Machbarkeitsstudie zum Thema Verkehr in der deutschen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, im Auftrag des BMZ, GIZ 2013, unveröffentlicht.">Machbarkeitsstudie zum Thema Verkehr in der deutschen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, im Auftrag des BMZ, GIZ 2013, unveröffentlicht.</ref><br/>
 <br/>
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Mobility]]