Adapting Urban Transport to Climate Change - Revision history

Ranisha: /* Rail-based Public Transport */

2015-06-17T10:02:38Z

‎Rail-based Public Transport

Ranisha at 10:00, 17 June 2015

2015-06-17T10:00:25Z

Daniel Brenner: /* Public Transport */

2015-06-16T14:12:02Z

‎Public Transport

Ranisha at 15:19, 20 August 2014

2014-08-20T15:19:48Z

Ranisha at 11:41, 16 July 2014

2014-07-16T11:41:52Z

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu: /* Overview */

2013-04-18T12:19:56Z

‎Overview

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu: /* References */

2013-04-18T12:18:00Z

‎References

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu: /* Rail-based public transport */

2013-04-18T12:16:53Z

‎Rail-based public transport

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu at 12:13, 18 April 2013

2013-04-18T12:13:09Z

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu at 12:04, 18 April 2013

2013-04-18T12:04:35Z

Show changes

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 <br/>
 [[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 === Rail-based Public Transport ===
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 <u>A few features of rail infrastructure are decisively different to road networks and deserve special attention when it comes to adaptation:</u>
 *Infrastructure materials (e.g. iron)
 *Signalling equipment and electricity circuits
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 | style="width:43.38%" |
-*Adapted maintenance procedures, such as rail stressing in the US <ref name="Rail stressing means that continuous welded rail is stressed (either through compression or through extension) into a state where fracturing (due to rail shrinking in cold) or buckling (due to rail extension in heat) of rails due to extreme temperatures can b avoided.">Rail stressing means that continuous welded rail is stressed (either through compression or through extension) into a state where fracturing (due to rail shrinking in cold) or buckling (due to rail extension in heat) of rails due to extreme temperatures can b avoided.</ref>
+*Adapted maintenance procedures, such as rail stressing[1] in the US <ref name="Rail stressing means that continuous welded rail is stressed (either through compression or through extension) into a state where fracturing (due to rail shrinking in cold) or buckling (due to rail extension in heat) of rails due to extreme temperatures can b avoided.">Rail stressing means that continuous welded rail is stressed (either through compression or through extension) into a state where fracturing (due to rail shrinking in cold) or buckling (due to rail extension in heat) of rails due to extreme temperatures can b avoided.</ref>
 *New design standards may be needed for rails to withstand higher temperatures (this will have to be communicated to/undertaken by the national level)
 *Management procedures to impose differentiated speed limits
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 ----
 <div id="ftn1">
-[[#_ftnref1|[1]]] Rail stressing means that continuous welded rail is stressed (either through compression or through extension) into a state where fracturing (due to rail shrinking in cold) or buckling (due to rail extension in heat) of rails due to extreme temperatures can be avoided.
+[[#_ftnref1|[]]1[[#_ftnref1|]]] Rail stressing means that continuous welded rail is stressed (either through compression or through extension) into a state where fracturing (due to rail shrinking in cold) or buckling (due to rail extension in heat) of rails due to extreme temperatures can be avoided.
 </div></div>
-[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
+[[Adapting Urban Transport to Climate Change#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 <br/>
 === Waterways ===

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 [[Portal:Mobility|►Back to Mobility Portal]]
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 <br/>
 = Cities and Climate Change =
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 <br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 <br/>
 === Rail-based Public Transport ===
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 </div></div>
 [[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
 <br/>
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 <br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
-−
 == Public Transport ==
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 <br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
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 <br/>
 [[Category:Transport]]

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 <br/>
 == Public Transport ==
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 <u>Public transport and informal paratransit needs to be resilient, because</u>
 #it is the only motorized mobility option for large parts of developing city populations, and
 #to remain attractive also for those who could afford private motorized mobility to avoid modal shift towards more emission-intensive transport, which would further exacerbate climate change.
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 *White painted roofs
 *Improved thermal insulation and cooling systems
-*Air conditioning, ideally using systems without F-gases (if available and affordable)
+*Air conditioning, using systems without F-gases for not further increasing climate change effects
 *Driver training
 *For overhead buses: design standard for power supply to meet anticipated demand within the life of the system (especially higher demands due to increased air conditioning) and withstand higher wind speeds
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 |}
-[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
+[[Adapting Urban Transport to Climate Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == Private Transport ==

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 = Overview =
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 At the same time, with high population and infrastructure densities as well as concentrated economic activities, cities are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and need to adapt.
-<br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 == Vulnerability in Cities ==
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 City governments can improve the resilience of their poor and vulnerable populations by catering to their specific needs. This includes the provision of an affordable, safe and inclusive urban transport system – especially in times of crisis. Poor neighbourhoods will have to be actively integrated into city, land-use and transport planning – not segregated – in order to increase the resilience of the urban majority and urban systems as a whole.
-<br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Likely Impacts on Urban Transport Systems and Potential Adaptation Measures =
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 [[#_ftnref1|[1]]] Rail stressing means that continuous welded rail is stressed (either through compression or through extension) into a state where fracturing (due to rail shrinking in cold) or buckling (due to rail extension in heat) of rails due to extreme temperatures can be avoided.
 </div></div>
-<br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
 <br/>
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 |}
-<br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == Private Transport ==
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 As for non-motorized transport, land-use planning favouring short-distances can reduce travel demand and hence the exposure to adverse climate conditions.
-<br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Taking Action on Adaptation =
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 First of all, information and awareness raising about the need to start adaptation today are important components to improve the capacity and the acceptance of both decision-makers and society to adapt. As adaptation of urban passenger transport cannot be limited to simple technical fixes, but also requires behavioural changes of transport users and a shift in thinking in planning approaches, adaptation must be understood as a social learning process. Convincing municipal government officials across departments of the local relevance of adaptation is a prerequisite for a successful adaptation strategy. In many cases this will require training key personnel and identifying so-called “adaptation champions” who will push the adaptation agenda within their departments.
-<br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == Basic Approaches to Adaptation ==
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 Whereas protection can be seen as “external” measures, ''accommodation'' means adapting the transport system or infrastructure itself. Accommodation also includes both hard (mostly infrastructure and vehicles) and soft measures (concerning the transport systems as a whole). Hard measures could be changing design standards and construction materials to withstand higher levels of flooding or temperature or including air conditioning in vehicles, whereas soft measures could encompass planning for emergency bus routes or even strengthening public transport networks to increase overall system resilience.
-<br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == The Framework for Effective Adaptation ==
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 #''Adaptation auditing'' of the urban transport network to first of all identify vulnerabilities and later on monitor progress and suitability of adaptation measures, as well as identifying new adaptation needs. Cities should also carry out regular ''road safety audits'' for all hierarchies of roads, as well as safety audits of other transport related infrastructure, such as bridges and drainage systems.
-<br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Concluding Remarks =
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 Adaptation of urban transport in developing cities must hence be seen in the larger context of addressing transport needs as a whole, if vulnerabilities of the urban system are to be minimised. Further work is needed on clearly defining realistic steps towards achieving a climate-proof, pro-poor and affordable urban transportation system in developing cities. For instance, more specific design standards that are suitable for developing countries are needed.
-<br/>
+[[Adapting_Urban_Transport_to_Climate_Change#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Further Information =
 *Further and more detailed information can be found on the homepage of the Sustainable Urban Transport Project. The Sustainable Urban Transport Project aims to help developing world cities achieve their sustainable transport goals, through the dissemination of information about international experience, policy advice, training and capacity building.
-*[[Access_to_Transport|Access to Transport]]<br/>
+*[[Access to Transport|Access to Transport]]<br/>
-*[[Climate_Change_and_Transport|Climate Change and Transport]]
+*[[Climate Change and Transport|Climate Change and Transport]]
 = References =
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 <br/>
 [[Category:Climate_Change]]

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 = Overview =
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 <br/>
-Transport is linked to all aspects of urban life: leisure, education, business and industry. Ensuring a resilient urban transport system is therefore necessary to avoid large and costly disruptions of urban life. As current weather impacts on transport will become more frequent and more extreme in the future, the number of days on which the transport system is confronted with extreme stressors will increase. If no adaptive measures are taken, more frequent disruptions and higher economic costs must be expected.
+[[Access_to_Transport|Transport]] is linked to all aspects of urban life: leisure, education, business and industry. Ensuring a resilient urban transport system is therefore necessary to avoid large and costly disruptions of urban life. As current weather impacts on transport will become more frequent and more extreme in the future, the number of days on which the transport system is confronted with extreme stressors will increase. If no adaptive measures are taken, more frequent disruptions and higher economic costs must be expected.
 Adaptation in transport cannot be viewed in isolation nor be reduced to technical infrastructure fixes.<br/>
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 <br/>
 = Cities and Climate Change =
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 <br/>
 === Rail-based Public Transport ===
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 <br/>
 === Waterways ===
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 = Further Information =
-Further and more detailed information can be found on the homepage of the Sustainable Urban Transport Project. The Sustainable Urban Transport Project aims to help developing world cities achieve their sustainable transport goals, through the dissemination of information about international experience, policy advice, training and capacity building.
+*Further and more detailed information can be found on the homepage of the Sustainable Urban Transport Project. The Sustainable Urban Transport Project aims to help developing world cities achieve their sustainable transport goals, through the dissemination of information about international experience, policy advice, training and capacity building.
+*[[Access_to_Transport|Access to Transport]]<br/>
-<br/>
+*[[Climate_Change_and_Transport|Climate Change and Transport]]
-−
 = References =
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 <br/>
 [[Category:Climate_Change]]

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 <br/>
 = References =
-'''<references />'''<br/>
+<references /><br/>
-−
---> [http://www.transport2012.org/bridging/ressources/files/1/621,521,5F-ACC-EN.pdf Publication can be found here.]
 <br/>
 [[Category:Climate_Change]]