Biofuels - Revision history

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 12:28, 21 September 2018

2018-09-21T12:28:47Z

Avinash Kumar at 11:55, 25 July 2016

2016-07-25T11:55:50Z

Wiki Gardener: /* Market for Biofuels */

2014-09-22T12:16:18Z

‎Market for Biofuels

Wiki Gardener at 12:15, 22 September 2014

2014-09-22T12:15:35Z

Show changes

Maarten Kleijn: /* Introduction */

2014-08-28T12:10:04Z

‎Introduction

Ranisha at 11:48, 28 August 2014

2014-08-28T11:48:25Z

Maarten Kleijn: /* Introduction */

2014-08-28T11:35:15Z

‎Introduction

Ranisha: /* Vegetable Oil */

2014-03-10T08:31:05Z

‎Vegetable Oil

Ranisha: /* Biodiesel */

2014-03-10T08:29:43Z

‎Biodiesel

Ranisha: /* Biofuel: Ethanol */

2014-03-10T08:28:22Z

‎Biofuel: Ethanol

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview<br/> =
@@ Line 5: / Line 6: @@
 Biofuels are mostly used as a transport fuel. Global production of biofuels has been growing steadily over the last decade from 16 billion litres in 2000 to around 110 billion litres in 2013. Biofuels provide around 3.5% of total road transport fuel globally. Higher shares are achieved in certain countries, like Brazil, where biofuels provide around 25% of road transport fuel demand today<ref name="IEA: http://www.iea.org/topics/renewables/subtopics/bioenergy/">IEA: http://www.iea.org/topics/renewables/subtopics/bioenergy/</ref>. Ethanol based fuel gels can be used for cooking<ref name="NREL: http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html">NREL: http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html</ref>.<br/>
 = Classification of Biofuel Sources =
@@ Line 33: / Line 36: @@
 E10 was introduced into the German Market in 2011 following the EU guidelines of enviornmental protectiona and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. However E10 has received a lot of criticism in the market. The high water content in E10 is corrosive on metals ,mostly to aluminium. E 10 is also supposed to increase petrol consumption by 2%. Moroever , there is also a food vs fuel debate where people argue that producing E10 could lead to rising food prices. A counter arguement could be that E10 is eco friendly and reduces our dependence on fossil fuels.Ethanol may be considered to be carbon-neutral because the plants that are used to make fuel ethanol (such as corn and sugarcane) absorb CO2as they grow and may offset the CO2produced when ethanol is made and burned.<ref>http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=biofuel_ethanol_environment</ref>
-[[File:Global ethanol production trends in the major producing countries and regions.JPG|thumb|center|557px|Global ethanol production trends in the major producing countries and regions]]<br/>
+[[File:Global ethanol production trends in the major producing countries and regions.JPG|thumb|center|557px|Global ethanol production trends in the major producing countries and regions]]
 <br/>
@@ Line 53: / Line 56: @@
 = Estimated Production Cost of Biofuels =
-[[File:International Estimates For Production Costs For Biofuels.JPG|thumb|center|827px|International Estimates For Production Costs For Biofuels]]<br/>
+[[File:International Estimates For Production Costs For Biofuels.JPG|thumb|center|827px|International Estimates For Production Costs For Biofuels]]
 = Market for Biofuels =
@@ Line 72: / Line 76: @@
 <br/>
-[[File:Trend in US Bioethanol production between 1981 and 2010.JPG|thumb|center|515px|Trend in US Bioethanol production between 1981 and 2010]]<br/>
+[[File:Trend in US Bioethanol production between 1981 and 2010.JPG|thumb|center|515px|Trend in US Bioethanol production between 1981 and 2010]]
 = Biofuel Subsidies and Tariffs<br/> =
@@ Line 85: / Line 90: @@
 *[[Portal:Biofuel|Biofuel Portal on energypedia]]
+<br/>
 = References =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview<br/> =
@@ Line 92: / Line 91: @@
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Biofuel]]

@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 [[File:International Estimates For Production Costs For Biofuels.JPG|thumb|center|827px|International Estimates For Production Costs For Biofuels]]<br/>
 = Market for Biofuels =
@@ Line 60: / Line 61: @@
 Currently, biogas is the only form of renewable energy that is usable for the transport industry. In 2010, global consumption of biofuels represented 3% of total fuel consumption (i.e. 55 million tons oil equivalent –Mtoe). This total figure for biofuels breaks down into 73% bioethanol and 27% biodiesel. The USA has been the world’s leading producer and consumer of biofuels since 2007. Then come South America and Europe, with slightly lower consumption levels, but with a strong predominance of biodiesel in Europe and ethanol in Brazil. After a significant slowdown in growth between 2008 and 2009, consumption of biofuels worldwide returned to growth in 2010 (Figure 1). Although the European Union shows relatively stable consumption of biodiesel, South America has seen its consumption double, while that of the USA has fallen by nearly 50%. Ethanol consumption is growing at 20% in Europe and North America, whilst the situation remains stable or possibly declines slightly in South America<ref>Biofuels update: growth in national and international markets, Panorama 2012</ref>
-[[File:Breakdown of biodiesel and ethanol production by major region in 2010.JPG|thumb|center|513px|Breakdown of biodiesel and ethanol production by major region in 2010]]T<br/>
+[[File:Breakdown of biodiesel and ethanol production by major region in 2010.JPG|thumb|center|513px|Breakdown of biodiesel and ethanol production by major region in 2010]]<br/>
 The figure below shows the breakdown of Biodiesel and Ethanol consumption in 2010 in European Union.
@@ Line 73: / Line 74: @@
 [[File:Trend in US Bioethanol production between 1981 and 2010.JPG|thumb|center|515px|Trend in US Bioethanol production between 1981 and 2010]]<br/>
 = Biofuel Subsidies and Tariffs<br/> =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Introduction =
-Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from biomass that are generally high in sugar (such as sugarcane , sugarbeet , sweet sorghum) , starch (such as corn and cassava) or oils (such as soybeans, rapeseed, coconut, sunflowers, and palms). The two most commonly used biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel.<ref>http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html</ref>.
+Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from biomass that are generally high in sugar (such as sugarcane , sugarbeet , sweet sorghum) , starch (such as corn and cassava) or oils (such as soybeans, rapeseed, coconut, sunflowers, and palms). The two most commonly used biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel.
 == Classification of Biofuel Sources ==
@@ Line 61: / Line 70: @@
 <br/>
 = Estimated Production cost of Biofuels =

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Introduction =
-<span style="color: rgb(21, 21, 21);  font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif;  font-size: 13px;  line-height: 19.200000762939453px">Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from biomass that are generally high in sugar (such as sugarcane , sugarbeet , sweet sorghum) , starch (such as corn and cassava) or oils (such as soybeans, rapeseed, coconut, sunflowers, and palms). The two most commonly used biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel.</span><span style="color: rgb(21, 21, 21);  font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif;  font-size: 13px;  line-height: 19.200000762939453px"><ref>http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html</ref></span>
+Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from biomass that are generally high in sugar (such as sugarcane , sugarbeet , sweet sorghum) , starch (such as corn and cassava) or oils (such as soybeans, rapeseed, coconut, sunflowers, and palms). The two most commonly used biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel.<ref>http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html</ref>.
-−
-−
 == Classification of Biofuel Sources ==
@@ Line 36: / Line 32: @@
 == Biofuel: Ethanol ==
-Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)is an alcohol fuel made from the sugars found in grains such as corn sorghum, barley and in plant products such as potato skins, rice, sugar cane, sugar beets , yard clippings , bark and switchgrass.<br/>Ethanol can be produced by a process called gasification. Gasification systems use high temperatures and a low-oxygen environment to convert biomass into synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The synthesis gas, or "syngas," can then be chemically converted into ethanol and other fuels. Ethanol is used in special engine by mixing with petrol and is called Gasohol (70-90% petrol and 10-30% ethanol). Currently, a blend of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline called E10 is approved for use in all vehile. E10 was previously called Gasohol.Unknown Object. Ethanol is generally used as a blending agent to increase octane adn cut down carbon monoxide and other smog-causing emissions. Unknown Object<br/>
+Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)is an alcohol fuel made from the sugars found in grains such as corn sorghum, barley and in plant products such as potato skins, rice, sugar cane, sugar beets , yard clippings , bark and switchgrass.<br/>Ethanol can be produced by a process called gasification. Gasification systems use high temperatures and a low-oxygen environment to convert biomass into synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The synthesis gas, or "syngas," can then be chemically converted into ethanol and other fuels. Ethanol is used in special engine by mixing with petrol and is called Gasohol (70-90% petrol and 10-30% ethanol). Currently, a blend of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline called E10 is approved for use in all vehicle. E10 was previously called Gasohol.Unknown Object. Ethanol is generally used as a blending agent to increase octane adn cut down carbon monoxide and other smog-causing emissions. Unknown Object<br/>
 E10 was introduced into the German Market in 2011 following the EU guidelines of enviornmental protectiona and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. However E10 has received a lot of criticism in the market. The high water content in E10 is corrosive on metals ,mostly to aluminium. E 10 is also supposed to increase petrol consumption by 2%. Moroever , there is also a food vs fuel debate where people argue that producing E10 could lead to rising food prices. A counter arguement could be that E10 is eco friendly and reduces our dependence on fossil fuels.Ethanol may be considered to be carbon-neutral because the plants that are used to make fuel ethanol (such as corn and sugarcane) absorb CO2as they grow and may offset the CO2produced when ethanol is made and burned.&lt;/span&gt;<ref>http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=biofuel_ethanol_environment</ref>
@@ Line 64: / Line 60: @@
 With the rising oil and gas price, [[Vegetable Oil|Vegetable oil]] has emerged as a viable alternative. It can be directly used as fuel for vehicles or for [[Electricity Generation from Vegetable Oils|electricity generation]].
 = Estimated Production cost of Biofuels =
@@ Line 73: / Line 70: @@
 <br/>
-Currently, biogas is the only form of renewable energy that is usable for the transport industry. I<span style="font-size: 0.85em;">n 2010, global consumption of biofuels represented 3% of </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">total fuel consumption (i.e. 55 million tons oil equivalent –</span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">Mtoe). This total figure for biofuels breaks down into 73% bioethanol and 27% biodiesel. </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">The USA has been the world’s leading producer and </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">consumer of biofuels since 2007. Then come South </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">America and Europe, with slightly lower consumption </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">levels, but with a strong predominance of biodiesel in </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">Europe and ethanol in Brazil. </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">After a significant slowdown in growth between 2008</span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">and 2009, consumption of biofuels worldwide returned </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">to growth in 2010 (Figure 1). Although the European </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">Union shows relatively stable consumption of biodiesel, </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">South America has seen its consumption double, while </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">that of the USA has fallen by nearly 50%. Ethanol </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">consumption is growing at 20% in Europe and North </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">America, whilst the situation remains stable or possibly </span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">declines slightly in South America<ref>file:///C:/Users/Ranisha%20Basnet/Downloads/Panorama2012_02-VA_Biofuels%20update.pdf</ref></span>
+Currently, biogas is the only form of renewable energy that is usable for the transport industry. In 2010, global consumption of biofuels represented 3% of total fuel consumption (i.e. 55 million tons oil equivalent –Mtoe). This total figure for biofuels breaks down into 73% bioethanol and 27% biodiesel. The USA has been the world’s leading producer and consumer of biofuels since 2007. Then come South America and Europe, with slightly lower consumption levels, but with a strong predominance of biodiesel in Europe and ethanol in Brazil. After a significant slowdown in growth between 2008 and 2009, consumption of biofuels worldwide returned to growth in 2010 (Figure 1). Although the European Union shows relatively stable consumption of biodiesel, South America has seen its consumption double, while that of the USA has fallen by nearly 50%. Ethanol consumption is growing at 20% in Europe and North America, whilst the situation remains stable or possibly declines slightly in South America<ref>Biofuels update: growth in national and international markets, Panorama 2012</ref>
 [[File:Breakdown of biodiesel and ethanol production by major region in 2010.JPG|513px|RTENOTITLE]]T<br/>
-The figure below shows the breakdown of Biodiesel and Ethanol <span style="font-size: 0.85em;"></span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">consumption</span><span style="font-size: 0.85em;">in 2010 in European Union.</span>
+The figure below shows the breakdown of Biodiesel and Ethanol consumption<in 2010 in European Union.
 <br/>
@@ Line 99: / Line 96: @@
 <br/>
+<br/>
 = Biofuel subsidies and Tariffs<br/> =
-Biofuels are heavily subsidies all around the world. These subsidies are provided at different stages of biofuels starting from assistance to value -adding factors (capital, land , labour), suport for intermediate inputs (feedstocks), general servics (research and development), Support to consumption (distribution infrastructure, biofuel vehicles, biofuel use) and finally for the final outputs (excise-tax exemptions)<span style="font-size: 12px;">.</span>
+Biofuels are heavily subsidies all around the world. These subsidies are provided at different stages of biofuels starting from assistance to value -adding factors (capital, land , labour), support for intermediate inputs (feedstocks), general servics (research and development), Support to consumption (distribution infrastructure, biofuel vehicles, biofuel use) and finally for the final outputs (excise-tax exemptions).
 <br/>
@@ Line 111: / Line 108: @@
 <br/>
 = References =
@@ Line 116: / Line 114: @@
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Biofuel]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Introduction =
-<span style="color: rgb(21, 21, 21); font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from biomass that are generally high in sugar (such as sugarcane , sugarbeet , sweet sorghum) , starch (such as corn and cassava) or oils (such as soybeans, rapeseed, coconut, sunflowers, and palms).Unknown Object The two most commonly used biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel.</span><span style="color: rgb(21, 21, 21); font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;"><ref>http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html</ref></span>
+<span style="color: rgb(21, 21, 21);  font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif;  font-size: 13px;  line-height: 19.200000762939453px">Biofuels are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from biomass that are generally high in sugar (such as sugarcane , sugarbeet , sweet sorghum) , starch (such as corn and cassava) or oils (such as soybeans, rapeseed, coconut, sunflowers, and palms). The two most commonly used biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel.</span><span style="color: rgb(21, 21, 21);  font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', 'Lucida Sans', Arial, sans-serif;  font-size: 13px;  line-height: 19.200000762939453px"><ref>http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html</ref></span>
+.
@@ Line 12: / Line 13: @@
 [[File:FAO Classification Biofuel sources page9.png|695px|RTENOTITLE]]<br/>
 **The term “by-products” includes the improperly called solid, liquid and gaseous residues and wastes derived from<br/>biomass processing activities.
@@ Line 30: / Line 32: @@
 <br/>
+<br/>
 == Biofuel: Ethanol ==
@@ Line 42: / Line 44: @@
 <br/>
+<br/>
 == Biodiesel ==
-Biodiesel is made by combining alcohol (usually methanol) with vegetable oil, animal fat, or recycled cooking grease. It is a nontoxic and biodegradable energy source that produces lower levels of air pollutants. Most often it is blended with petroleum diesel in ratios of 2% (B2), 5% (B5),20% (B20) or as pure biodiesel (B100). <br/>
+Biodiesel is made by combining alcohol (usually methanol) with vegetable oil, animal fat, or recycled cooking grease. It is a nontoxic and biodegradable energy source that produces lower levels of air pollutants. Most often it is blended with petroleum diesel in ratios of 2% (B2), 5% (B5),20% (B20) or as pure biodiesel (B100).<br/>
 Biodiesel fuels can be used in regular diesel vehicles without making any changes to the engines and is the fastest growing alternative fuel in the United States.<ref>http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html</ref>
@@ Line 56: / Line 58: @@
 <br/>
+<br/>
 == Vegetable Oil ==

@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 <br/>
 == Biodiesel ==
-<span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Biodiesel is made by combining alcohol (usually methanol) with vegetable oil, animal fat, or recycled cooking grease. It is a nontoxic and biodegradable energy source that produces lower levels of air pollutants. </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Most often it is blended with petroleum diesel in ratios of 2% (B2), 5% (B5),20% (B20) or as pure biodiesel (B100). </span><br/>
+Biodiesel is made by combining alcohol (usually methanol) with vegetable oil, animal fat, or recycled cooking grease. It is a nontoxic and biodegradable energy source that produces lower levels of air pollutants. Most often it is blended with petroleum diesel in ratios of 2% (B2), 5% (B5),20% (B20) or as pure biodiesel (B100). <br/>
-<span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Biodiesel fuels can be used in regular diesel vehicles without making any changes to the engines and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5em;">is the fastest growing alternative fuel in the United States.</span><ref>http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html</ref>
+Biodiesel fuels can be used in regular diesel vehicles without making any changes to the engines and is the fastest growing alternative fuel in the United States.<ref>http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_biofuels.html</ref>
 [[File:Global biodiesel production in major producing countries.JPG|547px|RTENOTITLE]]<br/>
@@ Line 54: / Line 55: @@
 <br/>
 == Vegetable Oil ==

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 <br/>
 == Biofuel: Ethanol ==
-Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)is an alcohol fuel made from the sugars found in grains such as corn sorghum, barley and in plant products such as potato skins, rice, sugar cane, sugar beets , yard clippings , bark and switchgrass.<br/>Ethanol can be produced by a process called gasification. Gasification systems use high temperatures and a low-oxygen environment to convert biomass into synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The synthesis gas, or "syngas," can then be chemically converted into ethanol and other fuels.Unknown Object Ethanol is used in special engine by mixing with petrol and is called Gasohol (70-90% petrol and 10-30% ethanol). Currently, a blend of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline called E10 is approved for use in all vehile. E10 was previously called Gasohol.Unknown Object. Ethanol is generally used as a blending agent to increase octane adn cut down carbon monoxide and other smog-causing emissions. Unknown Object<br/>
+Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)is an alcohol fuel made from the sugars found in grains such as corn sorghum, barley and in plant products such as potato skins, rice, sugar cane, sugar beets , yard clippings , bark and switchgrass.<br/>Ethanol can be produced by a process called gasification. Gasification systems use high temperatures and a low-oxygen environment to convert biomass into synthesis gas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The synthesis gas, or "syngas," can then be chemically converted into ethanol and other fuels. Ethanol is used in special engine by mixing with petrol and is called Gasohol (70-90% petrol and 10-30% ethanol). Currently, a blend of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline called E10 is approved for use in all vehile. E10 was previously called Gasohol.Unknown Object. Ethanol is generally used as a blending agent to increase octane adn cut down carbon monoxide and other smog-causing emissions. Unknown Object<br/>
-<span style="font-size: 0.85em;">E10 was introduced into the German Market in 2011 following the EU guidelines of enviornmental protectiona and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. However E10 has received a lot of criticism in the market. The high water content in E10 is corrosive on metals ,mostly to aluminium. E 10 is also supposed to increase petrol consumption by 2%. Moroever , there is also a food vs fuel debate where people argue that producing E10 could lead to rising food prices. A counter arguement could be that E10 is eco friendly and reduces our dependence on fossil fuels.Ethanol may be considered to be carbon-neutral because the plants that are used to make fuel ethanol (such as corn and sugarcane) absorb CO2as they grow and may offset the CO2produced when ethanol is made and burned.</span><ref>http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=biofuel_ethanol_environment</ref>
+E10 was introduced into the German Market in 2011 following the EU guidelines of enviornmental protectiona and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. However E10 has received a lot of criticism in the market. The high water content in E10 is corrosive on metals ,mostly to aluminium. E 10 is also supposed to increase petrol consumption by 2%. Moroever , there is also a food vs fuel debate where people argue that producing E10 could lead to rising food prices. A counter arguement could be that E10 is eco friendly and reduces our dependence on fossil fuels.Ethanol may be considered to be carbon-neutral because the plants that are used to make fuel ethanol (such as corn and sugarcane) absorb CO2as they grow and may offset the CO2produced when ethanol is made and burned.&lt;/span&gt;<ref>http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=biofuel_ethanol_environment</ref>
 [[File:Global ethanol production trends in the major producing countries and regions.JPG|557px|RTENOTITLE]]<br/>