Community Involvement in Mini-grids - Revision history

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 15:28, 26 February 2019

2019-02-26T15:28:12Z

Ranisha at 12:13, 19 June 2018

2018-06-19T12:13:44Z

Ranisha at 12:13, 19 June 2018

2018-06-19T12:13:16Z

Joanna Walther at 08:20, 19 June 2018

2018-06-19T08:20:59Z

Caspar Priesemann: /* Recommended Reading */

2017-04-24T13:14:09Z

‎Recommended Reading

Ranisha: /* Recommended Reading */

2016-01-28T13:11:09Z

‎Recommended Reading

Ranisha: /* Recommended Reading */

2016-01-28T13:10:33Z

‎Recommended Reading

Ranisha: /* Recommended Reading */

2016-01-28T13:09:06Z

‎Recommended Reading

Ranisha at 13:06, 28 January 2016

2016-01-28T13:06:55Z

Wiki Gardener at 09:40, 28 January 2016

2016-01-28T09:40:02Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Introduction to Community Involvement =
@@ Line 134: / Line 135: @@
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Community_Power]]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Effective and inclusive community consultation in all stages of the project cycle is essential for the success of mini-grid projects. This community involvement is not only valuable in case of community ownership of the mini-grid but makes also economic sense when other business models are used. Generally speaking, when communities feel ownership for the mini-grid and when local authorities are adequately involved more customers tend to be connected to the mini-grid and operation and maintenance cost tend to be lower, thus, the system is more likely to be economically sustainable. Case studies reviewed by the World Bank (2010)<ref name="World Bank (2010), Addressing the Electricity Access Gap http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf">World Bank (2010), Addressing the Electricity Access GapfckLRhttp://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf</ref> clearly show that “''rural electrification programs benefit greatly from local community participation. Involving local communities from the start can help improve the design (Peru, Vietnam), gain local support (Bangladesh), mobilize contributions in cash or in kind (Nepal, Thailand), and increase local ownership, contributing to operational sustainability.''”
-[[Participatory Management (PM) Approach for Achieving Rural Electrification|Read more about Participatory Management (PM) Approach for Achieving Rural Electrification]]
+[[Participatory Management (PM) Approach for Achieving Rural Electrification|Read more about Participatory Management (PM) approach for achieving rural electrification]]
 = Community Involvement in the Different Project Stages =
@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Mini-grid]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Introduction to Community Involvement =
 Effective and inclusive community consultation in all stages of the project cycle is essential for the success of mini-grid projects. This community involvement is not only valuable in case of community ownership of the mini-grid but makes also economic sense when other business models are used. Generally speaking, when communities feel ownership for the mini-grid and when local authorities are adequately involved more customers tend to be connected to the mini-grid and operation and maintenance cost tend to be lower, thus, the system is more likely to be economically sustainable. Case studies reviewed by the World Bank (2010)<ref name="World Bank (2010), Addressing the Electricity Access Gap http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf">World Bank (2010), Addressing the Electricity Access GapfckLRhttp://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf</ref> clearly show that “''rural electrification programs benefit greatly from local community participation. Involving local communities from the start can help improve the design (Peru, Vietnam), gain local support (Bangladesh), mobilize contributions in cash or in kind (Nepal, Thailand), and increase local ownership, contributing to operational sustainability.''”
-<br/>
+[[Participatory Management (PM) Approach for Achieving Rural Electrification|Read more about Participatory Management (PM) Approach for Achieving Rural Electrification]]
 = Community Involvement in the Different Project Stages =
@@ Line 135: / Line 134: @@
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Community_Power]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 = Introduction to Community Involvement =
-Effective and inclusive community consultation in all stages of the project cycle is essential for the success of mini-grid projects. This community involvement is not only valuable in case of community ownership of the mini-grid but makes also economic sense when other business models are used. Generally speaking, when communities feel ownership for the mini-grid and when local authorities are adequately involved more customers tend to be connected to the mini-grid and operation and maintenance cost tend to be lower, thus, the system is more likely to be economically sustainable. Case studies reviewed by the World Bank (2010)<ref name="World Bank (2010), Addressing the Electricity Access Gap http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf">World Bank (2010), Addressing the Electricity Access Gap
+Effective and inclusive community consultation in all stages of the project cycle is essential for the success of mini-grid projects. This community involvement is not only valuable in case of community ownership of the mini-grid but makes also economic sense when other business models are used. Generally speaking, when communities feel ownership for the mini-grid and when local authorities are adequately involved more customers tend to be connected to the mini-grid and operation and maintenance cost tend to be lower, thus, the system is more likely to be economically sustainable. Case studies reviewed by the World Bank (2010)<ref name="World Bank (2010), Addressing the Electricity Access Gap http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf">World Bank (2010), Addressing the Electricity Access GapfckLRhttp://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf</ref> clearly show that “''rural electrification programs benefit greatly from local community participation. Involving local communities from the start can help improve the design (Peru, Vietnam), gain local support (Bangladesh), mobilize contributions in cash or in kind (Nepal, Thailand), and increase local ownership, contributing to operational sustainability.''”
-http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf</ref> clearly show that “''rural electrification programs benefit greatly from local community participation. Involving local communities from the start can help improve the design (Peru, Vietnam), gain local support (Bangladesh), mobilize contributions in cash or in kind (Nepal, Thailand), and increase local ownership, contributing to operational sustainability.''”
 <br/>
@@ Line 36: / Line 35: @@
 <br/>
-Regular consultations in the planning stage are best conducted using a '''rural electrification committee''', which should involve local leaders and representatives of all potential customer groups. This can lead to local acceptance and provide valuable information for the overall system design. ''“Local officials on the committee can also provide the project designers with key information, such as where to site the generation plant without disturbing local traditions. In Bangladesh, consumer meetings were held before the arrival of the electricity supply, helping to avoid costly and time-consuming disputes over rights of way and construction damage. In some cases, failing to include local leaders has been perceived as a threat to their position in the village, resulting in improper maintenance and even the disconnection of the system.”''&nbsp;<ref name="ARE/USAID (2011), Hybrid Mini-grid for Rural Electrification: Lessons Learned (Chapter 4) http://www.ruralelec.org/fileadmin/DATA/Documents/06_Publications/Position_papers/ARE_Mini-grids_-_Full_version.pdf">ARE/USAID (2011), Hybrid Mini-grid for Rural Electrification: Lessons Learned (Chapter 4)
+Regular consultations in the planning stage are best conducted using a '''rural electrification committee''', which should involve local leaders and representatives of all potential customer groups. This can lead to local acceptance and provide valuable information for the overall system design. ''“Local officials on the committee can also provide the project designers with key information, such as where to site the generation plant without disturbing local traditions. In Bangladesh, consumer meetings were held before the arrival of the electricity supply, helping to avoid costly and time-consuming disputes over rights of way and construction damage. In some cases, failing to include local leaders has been perceived as a threat to their position in the village, resulting in improper maintenance and even the disconnection of the system.”''&nbsp;<ref name="ARE/USAID (2011), Hybrid Mini-grid for Rural Electrification: Lessons Learned (Chapter 4) http://www.ruralelec.org/fileadmin/DATA/Documents/06_Publications/Position_papers/ARE_Mini-grids_-_Full_version.pdf">ARE/USAID (2011), Hybrid Mini-grid for Rural Electrification: Lessons Learned (Chapter 4)fckLRhttp://www.ruralelec.org/fileadmin/DATA/Documents/06_Publications/Position_papers/ARE_Mini-grids_-_Full_version.pdf</ref> Furthermore, project developers should never approach a community with a predefined mini-grid project, without any potential for adaptation, as imposed solutions often result in inadequate system design, dissatisfaction and thus in lower mini-grid performance and in lower customer numbers. The '''community''' has to form different '''bodies''' and select members for these, e.g. a community organization and the operation and management team, in case of community ownership, or local operation and management of the mini-grid. These groups should consist of a small number of well-respected villagers with good standing and good reputation, and should, in the best case, include representatives of all different potential customer groups.
-http://www.ruralelec.org/fileadmin/DATA/Documents/06_Publications/Position_papers/ARE_Mini-grids_-_Full_version.pdf</ref> Furthermore, project developers should never approach a community with a predefined mini-grid project, without any potential for adaptation, as imposed solutions often result in inadequate system design, dissatisfaction and thus in lower mini-grid performance and in lower customer numbers. The '''community''' has to form different '''bodies''' and select members for these, e.g. a community organization and the operation and management team, in case of community ownership, or local operation and management of the mini-grid. These groups should consist of a small number of well-respected villagers with good standing and good reputation, and should, in the best case, include representatives of all different potential customer groups.
 <br/>
-In case a regional/national mini-grid programme requires communities to apply for funding for a mini-grid programme, as is the case in Indonesia, providing advice for community project proposals is a valuable support activity. Details on this support measure can be found in GIZ MHPP (2012)<ref name="“Best Practice Guideline – Off-Grid Micro Hydro Power Schemes for Rural Electrification”, by GIZ MHPP (2012), Indonesia. http://energy-indonesia.com/006Hydro/bpg.pdf">“Best Practice Guideline – Off-Grid Micro Hydro Power Schemes for Rural Electrification”, by GIZ MHPP (2012), Indonesia.
+In case a regional/national mini-grid programme requires communities to apply for funding for a mini-grid programme, as is the case in Indonesia, providing advice for community project proposals is a valuable support activity. Details on this support measure can be found in GIZ MHPP (2012)<ref name="“Best Practice Guideline – Off-Grid Micro Hydro Power Schemes for Rural Electrification”, by GIZ MHPP (2012), Indonesia. http://energy-indonesia.com/006Hydro/bpg.pdf">“Best Practice Guideline – Off-Grid Micro Hydro Power Schemes for Rural Electrification”, by GIZ MHPP (2012), Indonesia.fckLRhttp://energy-indonesia.com/006Hydro/bpg.pdf</ref>.
-http://energy-indonesia.com/006Hydro/bpg.pdf</ref>.
 {{Go to Top}}<br/>
@@ Line 58: / Line 55: @@
 == Operation ==
-During operation, community involvement can be used in various forms, e.g. as continuing consultation mechanism and as education instrument on Demand Side Management strategies. Moreover an established community committee can support monitoring and evaluation measures (check the quality of power, and consumer satisfaction), act as an organizer of end-user training or as a facilitator to promote productive uses and other added-value activities.
+During operation, community involvement can be used in various forms, e.g. as continuing consultation mechanism and as education instrument on Demand Side Management strategies. Moreover an established community committee can support monitoring and evaluation measures (check the quality of power, and consumer satisfaction), act as an organizer of end-user training or as a facilitator to promote productive uses and other added-value activities.<br/>
 <br/>
 = Recommended Reading<br/> =
@@ Line 97: / Line 93: @@
 <br/>
-'''[[Community_Management_Guide_for_Mini-grid|Village Management Team Training Manual]]'''<br/>
+'''[[Community Management Guide for Mini-grid|Village Management Team Training Manual]]'''<br/>
 The manual offers a practical guide and materials for rural electrification trainers and facilitators on how to establish and capacitate a community based management committee to maintain and manage a micro power generation plant and a rural mini-grid
@@ Line 133: / Line 129: @@
 {{Go to Top}}<br/>
 = References =
@@ Line 139: / Line 136: @@
 [[Category:Mini-grid]]

@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 = Recommended Reading =
 '''“A Toolkit for Participatory Village Energy Planning”, by Development Alternatives (2012)'''
@@ Line 96: / Line 97: @@
 <br/>
-'''Village Management Team Training Manual'''
+'''[[Community_Management_Guide_for_Mini-grid|Village Management Team Training Manual]]'''<br/>
 The manual offers a practical guide and materials for rural electrification trainers and facilitators on how to establish and capacitate a community based management committee to maintain and manage a micro power generation plant and a rural mini-grid
-[[:File:Village_Management_Team_-_Training_Manual.pdf|Download the publication]]
+[[:File:Village Management Team - Training Manual.pdf|Download the publication]]
 <br/>

@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 During operation, community involvement can be used in various forms, e.g. as continuing consultation mechanism and as education instrument on Demand Side Management strategies. Moreover an established community committee can support monitoring and evaluation measures (check the quality of power, and consumer satisfaction), act as an organizer of end-user training or as a facilitator to promote productive uses and other added-value activities.
 <br/>
 = Recommended Reading =
@@ Line 99: / Line 100: @@
 The manual offers a practical guide and materials for rural electrification trainers and facilitators on how to establish and capacitate a community based management committee to maintain and manage a micro power generation plant and a rural mini-grid
-[[:File:VMT Training Manual Booklet.pdf|Download the publication]]
+[[:File:File:Village_Management_Team_-_Training_Manual.pdf|Download the publication]]
 <br/>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= '''Introduction to Community involvement''' =
+= Introduction to Community Involvement =
-Effective and inclusive community consultation in all stages of the project cycle is essential for the success of mini-grid projects. This community involvement is not only valuable in case of community ownership of the mini-grid but makes also economic sense when other business models are used. Generally speaking, when communities feel ownership for the mini-grid and when local authorities are adequately involved more customers tend to be connected to the mini-grid and operation and maintenance cost tend to be lower, thus, the system is more likely to be economically sustainable. Case studies reviewed by the World Bank (2010) clearly show that “''rural electrification programs benefit greatly from local community participation. Involving local communities from the start can help improve the design (Peru, Vietnam), gain local support (Bangladesh), mobilize contributions in cash or in kind (Nepal, Thailand), and increase local ownership, contributing to operational sustainability.''”
+Effective and inclusive community consultation in all stages of the project cycle is essential for the success of mini-grid projects. This community involvement is not only valuable in case of community ownership of the mini-grid but makes also economic sense when other business models are used. Generally speaking, when communities feel ownership for the mini-grid and when local authorities are adequately involved more customers tend to be connected to the mini-grid and operation and maintenance cost tend to be lower, thus, the system is more likely to be economically sustainable. Case studies reviewed by the World Bank (2010)<ref name="World Bank (2010), Addressing the Electricity Access Gap http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf">World Bank (2010), Addressing the Electricity Access Gap
 <br/>
-<br/>
+= Community Involvement in the Different Project Stages =
-−
-= '''Community involvement in the different project stages''' =
 Establishing community involvement entails, in the best case, a participatory communication and consultations approach. Community involvement should, at least, consist of local consultations, use local organizational structures and include the foundation of a community committee.
@@ Line 21: / Line 20: @@
 *In case of ownership of the mini-grid by the community: A community organization should be founded in order to provide the legal and functional basis for handing over the mini-grid. This organization should be small and functional and the legal status should be well considered (possibilities include a profit or non-profit limited liability company, a cooperative, an association, etc…)
-<br/>
+{{Go to Top}}<br/>
-<br/>
+== Planning ==
-−
-== '''Planning''' ==
 In the system planning stage, community involvement is important to inform and consult the community on the mini-grid project, to assess current and future electricity demand, to evaluate the willingness to pay of the suggested system and to gain the support and commitment of the community. Furthermore, different legal or common rights issues have to be assessed (e.g. water rights, land rights, rights of way, property rights, etc.) In case of intended community ownership of the mini-grid a community organization has to be founded. Communities can also be supported in applying for funding for a community owned mini-grid, if necessary (as in the case of Indonesia), by for example giving advice on how to write a community proposal.
@@ Line 39: / Line 36: @@
 <br/>
-Regular consultations in the planning stage are best conducted using a '''rural electrification committee''', which should involve local leaders and representatives of all potential customer groups. This can lead to local acceptance and provide valuable information for the overall system design. ''“Local officials on the committee can also provide the project designers with key information, such as where to site the generation plant without disturbing local traditions. In Bangladesh, consumer meetings were held before the arrival of the electricity supply, helping to avoid costly and time-consuming disputes over rights of way and construction damage. In some cases, failing to include local leaders has been perceived as a threat to their position in the village, resulting in improper maintenance and even the disconnection of the system.”'' (ARE/USAID, 2011) Furthermore, project developers should never approach a community with a predefined mini-grid project, without any potential for adaptation, as imposed solutions often result in inadequate system design, dissatisfaction and thus in lower mini-grid performance and in lower customer numbers. The '''community''' has to form different '''bodies''' and select members for these, e.g. a community organization and the operation and management team, in case of community ownership, or local operation and management of the mini-grid. These groups should consist of a small number of well-respected villagers with good standing and good reputation, and should, in the best case, include representatives of all different potential customer groups.
+Regular consultations in the planning stage are best conducted using a '''rural electrification committee''', which should involve local leaders and representatives of all potential customer groups. This can lead to local acceptance and provide valuable information for the overall system design. ''“Local officials on the committee can also provide the project designers with key information, such as where to site the generation plant without disturbing local traditions. In Bangladesh, consumer meetings were held before the arrival of the electricity supply, helping to avoid costly and time-consuming disputes over rights of way and construction damage. In some cases, failing to include local leaders has been perceived as a threat to their position in the village, resulting in improper maintenance and even the disconnection of the system.”''&nbsp;<ref name="ARE/USAID (2011), Hybrid Mini-grid for Rural Electrification: Lessons Learned (Chapter 4) http://www.ruralelec.org/fileadmin/DATA/Documents/06_Publications/Position_papers/ARE_Mini-grids_-_Full_version.pdf">ARE/USAID (2011), Hybrid Mini-grid for Rural Electrification: Lessons Learned (Chapter 4)
 <br/>
-In case a regional/national mini-grid programme requires communities to apply for funding for a mini-grid programme, as is the case in Indonesia, providing advice for community project proposals is a valuable support activity. Details on this support measure can be found in GIZ MHPP (2012).
+In case a regional/national mini-grid programme requires communities to apply for funding for a mini-grid programme, as is the case in Indonesia, providing advice for community project proposals is a valuable support activity. Details on this support measure can be found in GIZ MHPP (2012)<ref name="“Best Practice Guideline – Off-Grid Micro Hydro Power Schemes for Rural Electrification”, by GIZ MHPP (2012), Indonesia. http://energy-indonesia.com/006Hydro/bpg.pdf">“Best Practice Guideline – Off-Grid Micro Hydro Power Schemes for Rural Electrification”, by GIZ MHPP (2012), Indonesia.
-<br/>
+{{Go to Top}}<br/>
-== '''Implementation/Construction''' ==
+== Implementation/Construction ==
 In this project phase, besides the continuous holding of local consultation meetings, it is important to establish an oversight body, representing the community, during construction and to provide capacity building for future managers, operators and accountants, in case of community ownership, management or tariff collection. Furthermore, communities can support the mini-grid project with in-kind distribution of labor and local materials.
@@ Line 55: / Line 54: @@
 The operators would should be mainly trained in general aspects of off-grid rural electrification projects (financial, technological and impacts/benefits), the plant operation and maintenance, and business management (accounting, fee collection, etc.). The end-users, in addition to the above mentioned, should be trained on safe use of electricity, in efficient use of electricity and on the productive use of electricity.
-<br/>
+{{Go to Top}}<br/>
-== '''Operation''' ==
+== Operation ==
 During operation, community involvement can be used in various forms, e.g. as continuing consultation mechanism and as education instrument on Demand Side Management strategies. Moreover an established community committee can support monitoring and evaluation measures (check the quality of power, and consumer satisfaction), act as an organizer of end-user training or as a facilitator to promote productive uses and other added-value activities.
 <br/>
-= '''Recommended reading''' =
+= Recommended Reading =
 '''“A Toolkit for Participatory Village Energy Planning”, by Development Alternatives (2012)'''
@@ Line 103: / Line 99: @@
 The manual offers a practical guide and materials for rural electrification trainers and facilitators on how to establish and capacitate a community based management committee to maintain and manage a micro power generation plant and a rural mini-grid
-<span lang="en-gb">[[File:VMT_Training_Manual_Booklet.pdf|https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:VMT_Training_Manual_Booklet.pdf]]</span>
+<span lang="en-gb">[[File:VMT Training Manual Booklet.pdf|180px|https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:VMT_Training_Manual_Booklet.pdf|alt=https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:VMT_Training_Manual_Booklet.pdf]]</span>
 <br/>
-== '''Further reading''' ==
+{{Go to Top}}<br/>
 ADB (2013), The future of mini-grids: from low cost to high value. Using demand driven design to maximize revenue and impact, prepared by l. Frearson and M. Tuckwell
@@ Line 128: / Line 126: @@
 [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf]
 [[Category:Mini-grid]]

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 <br/>
 *Regular local consultations (e.g. quarterly/monthly at certain project stages) are important as project success depends on the satisfaction and the support of the end-users who are the ones using and paying for electricity. It is important to first inform the villagers on the intended mini-grid in an understandable way (e.g. how a mini-grid works, opportunity, limitations, cost and benefit, tasks and obligations of villagers). Then it is necessary to access the willingness to pay and the commitment of villagers for the mini-grid. In later stages it is essential to regularly discuss important topics such as the next activities, legal rights and obligations, tariff system, business ownership, in-kind contributions of the community, etc.
 *Local organizational structures are usually already in place and should be respected as the support of authorities and opinion leaders have significant influence over local public opinion.
@@ Line 102: / Line 103: @@
 The manual offers a practical guide and materials for rural electrification trainers and facilitators on how to establish and capacitate a community based management committee to maintain and manage a micro power generation plant and a rural mini-grid
-<span lang="en-gb">[https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:VMT_Training_Manual_Booklet.pdf https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:VMT_Training_Manual_Booklet.pdf]</span>
+<span lang="en-gb">[[File:VMT_Training_Manual_Booklet.pdf|https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:VMT_Training_Manual_Booklet.pdf]]</span>
 <br/>
@@ Line 127: / Line 128: @@
 [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTESC/Resources/Addressing_the_Electricity_Access_Gap.pdf]