Competitive Tendering (Concessions, Auctions) - Revision history

Wiki Gardener at 06:25, 4 November 2014

2014-11-04T06:25:45Z

Wiki Gardener at 15:56, 16 October 2014

2014-10-16T15:56:01Z

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu at 12:55, 12 August 2013

2013-08-12T12:55:03Z

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu at 12:50, 12 August 2013

2013-08-12T12:50:46Z

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu at 12:02, 24 April 2013

2013-04-24T12:02:02Z

Katharina Wiedemann at 11:35, 22 October 2012

2012-10-22T11:35:23Z

Wiki Gardener: moved Competitive Tendering (concessions, auctions) to Competitive Tendering (Concessions, Auctions)

2012-08-30T13:15:55Z

moved Competitive Tendering (concessions, auctions) to Competitive Tendering (Concessions, Auctions)

Wiki Gardener at 13:15, 30 August 2012

2012-08-30T13:15:30Z

Zieglerf at 14:38, 9 August 2010

2010-08-09T14:38:02Z

Gunnar.wegner at 14:36, 9 August 2010

2010-08-09T14:36:21Z

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 = Overview =
-'''Competitive tender''' is a form of tender where different organizations are asked to tender for a contract, especially for government or local government work.<ref name="Business Dictionary: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/competitive-tender.html#ixzz3GJqJ2gJ3">Business Dictionary: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/competitive-tender.html#ixzz3GJqJ2gJ3
+'''Competitive tender''' is a form of tender where different organizations are asked to tender for a contract, especially for government or local government work.<ref name="Business Dictionary: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/competitive-tender.html#ixzz3GJqJ2gJ3">Business Dictionary: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/competitive-tender.html#ixzz3GJqJ2gJ3fckLR</ref><br/>
 </ref><br/>
-−
 = Typical Schemes<br/> =
@@ Line 21: / Line 20: @@
 *[http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-1957 Bidding for Concessions (Michael Klein)]
+== Open Descending Subsidy Auction ==
-== Open descending subsidy auction ==
-−
-−
@@ Line 33: / Line 30: @@
 == Senegal<br/> ==
-The concession approach in [[Senegal_Energy_Situation|Senegal]] began with creation of the [http://www.aser.sn/ rural electrification agency ASER] in 1998, driven by the [http://www.worldbank.org/ World Bank] and other international donors. This development, again, was driven by sector reform and the creation of a law, in 1998, that introduced first steps toward liberalisation of the energy market (IPPs were allowed, but the state utility remained the single buyer).
+The concession approach in [[Senegal Energy Situation|Senegal]] began with creation of the [http://www.aser.sn/ rural electrification agency ASER] in 1998, driven by the [http://www.worldbank.org/ World Bank] and other international donors. This development, again, was driven by sector reform and the creation of a law, in 1998, that introduced first steps toward liberalisation of the energy market (IPPs were allowed, but the state utility remained the single buyer).
 <u>Three types of concessions were put into ASER's toolbox:</u>
@@ Line 74: / Line 71: @@
 = Further Information<br/> =
-*[[Portal:Financing_and_Funding|Financing and Funding Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
+*[[Portal:Financing and Funding|Financing and Funding Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
 = <br/>References<br/> =
@@ Line 80: / Line 77: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Financing_and_Funding]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Portal:Financing and Funding|► Back to Financing and Funding Portal]]<br/>
 = Typical Schemes<br/> =
@@ Line 6: / Line 14: @@
 *Competition for the market (bidding for concessions)
 *Open descending subsidy auction
 <br/>
 = Experiences<br/> =
@@ Line 14: / Line 33: @@
 == Senegal<br/> ==
-The concession approach in Senegal began with creation of the rural electrification agency ASER in 1998, driven by the World Bank and other international donors. This development, again, was driven by sector reform and the creation of a law, in 1998, that introduced first steps toward liberalisation of the energy market (IPPs were allowed, but the state utility remained the single buyer).
+The concession approach in [[Senegal_Energy_Situation|Senegal]] began with creation of the [http://www.aser.sn/ rural electrification agency ASER] in 1998, driven by the [http://www.worldbank.org/ World Bank] and other international donors. This development, again, was driven by sector reform and the creation of a law, in 1998, that introduced first steps toward liberalisation of the energy market (IPPs were allowed, but the state utility remained the single buyer).
 <u>Three types of concessions were put into ASER's toolbox:</u>
@@ Line 55: / Line 74: @@
 = Further Information<br/> =
-<br/>
+*[[Portal:Financing_and_Funding|Financing and Funding Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
 = <br/>References<br/> =
@@ Line 61: / Line 80: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Argentina]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[Portal:Financing and Funding|► Back to Financing and Funding Portal]]<br/>
-−
-−
-[[Portal:Financing_and_Funding|► Back to Financing and Funding Portal]]<br/>
 = Typical Schemes<br/> =
@@ Line 64: / Line 61: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Financing_and_Funding]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Typical Schemes <br/> =
 <u>The following schemes exist:</u>
 *Competition for the market (bidding for concessions)
 *Open descending subsidy auction
 *'''...'''
 <br/>
-= Experiences <br/> =
+= Experiences<br/> =
-== Senegal <br/> ==
+== Senegal<br/> ==
 The concession approach in Senegal began with creation of the rural electrification agency ASER in 1998, driven by the World Bank and other international donors. This development, again, was driven by sector reform and the creation of a law, in 1998, that introduced first steps toward liberalisation of the energy market (IPPs were allowed, but the state utility remained the single buyer).
@@ Line 54: / Line 58: @@
 = Further Information<br/> =
-*....
+<br/>
 = <br/>References<br/> =
@@ Line 60: / Line 64: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Argentina]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= Typical Schemes&nbsp;<br/> =
 <u>The following schemes exist:</u>
-*Competition for the market (bidding for concessions)&nbsp;
+<br/>
-*Open descending subsidy auction&nbsp;
-*'''...'''&nbsp;
 == Senegal <br/> ==
-= Experiences&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> =
-−
-== Senegal&nbsp;<br/> ==
 The concession approach in Senegal began with creation of the rural electrification agency ASER in 1998, driven by the World Bank and other international donors. This development, again, was driven by sector reform and the creation of a law, in 1998, that introduced first steps toward liberalisation of the energy market (IPPs were allowed, but the state utility remained the single buyer).
 <u>Three types of concessions were put into ASER's toolbox:</u>
 *PPER concessions (Programme Proiritaire d'Électrification Rurale - Priority Electrification Programme)
-*ERIL&nbsp;concessions (Électrification Rurale par Initiative Locale - Rural Electrification through local initiative)
+*ERIL concessions (Électrification Rurale par Initiative Locale - Rural Electrification through local initiative)
 *PREM concessions (Projet Énergétique Multi-Séctoriel - Multi-Sector Energy Project)
+<br/>
 One of the goals seems to have been to invite private investors from abroad into the Senegalese market. In addition, different bidders can compete in a concession, based upon the number of people served with a given subsidy. This is hoped to create an effective lever to bring down electricity prices for rural customers. Long-term experience will have to show if bidders will actually live up to their commitments.
-As of mid-2010, four PPER&nbsp;concessions have been awarded, no ERIL&nbsp;concession has been awarded (although several concessionaires operate under temporary licenses), and no PREM concession has been awarded.
+As of mid-2010, four PPER concessions have been awarded, no ERIL concession has been awarded (although several concessionaires operate under temporary licenses), and no PREM concession has been awarded.
-−
 === PPER<br/> ===
@@ Line 37: / Line 36: @@
 A concession is granted for 25 years.
+<br/>
 === ERIL<br/> ===
-ERIL concessions are complimentary to PPER&nbsp;concessions. From the outset it was clear that PPER&nbsp;concessions would be cumbersome and lengthy to implement, and would not reach all customers in a given area. Therefore, and in order to accomodate local initiative, the tool of ERIL&nbsp;concessions was created.
+ERIL concessions are complimentary to PPER concessions. From the outset it was clear that PPER concessions would be cumbersome and lengthy to implement, and would not reach all customers in a given area. Therefore, and in order to accomodate local initiative, the tool of ERIL concessions was created.
-−
-The subsidy scheme is the same as in the other concessions: up to 70% by the state; at least 20% by the concessionaire; up to 10% by the user. ERIL concessions are granted for 15 years. GTZ/PERACOD supports ASER in the process of creating ERIL&nbsp;concessions.
 === PREMS<br/> ===
@@ Line 51: / Line 50: @@
 PREM concessions were initially created to promote productive use of electricity, and to allow for electrification of social infrastructure. This kind of concessions has drawn the least attention from the private sector.
+<br/>
 = Further Information<br/> =
@@ Line 61: / Line 60: @@
 <references />
-[[Category:Argentina]]
+[[Category:Financing_and_Funding]]
 [[Category:Senegal]]
-[[Category:Financing,_promotion_schemes_and_subsidies]]
+[[Category:Argentina]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Typical Schemes&nbsp;<br/> =
@@ Line 11: / Line 9: @@
-= Experiences&nbsp;<br/> =
+= Experiences&nbsp;&nbsp;<br/> =
-−
-== Argentina&nbsp;<br/> ==
-<div><span style="color:#ff0000">Der argentinische Strommarkt war mit 15 GW installierter Kapazität und mehr als 10 Mio. Kunden bereits vor der Reform verhältnismäßig groß. Die Potenziale der Marktvergrößerung durch stärkere Einbindung in die Verbundnetze der Nachbarstaaten wurden genutzt. Gemessen an der sektorseitig vorgegebenen Beziehungsspezifität der Investitionen waren die Ausgangsbedingungen für einen verhältnismäßig hohen Marktöffnungsgrad somit prinzipiell gegeben. Re-Allokationsspielräume zur Verbesserung der Effizienz konnten durch die Liberalisierung der Erzeugungs- und Großhandelsstufe freigesetzt werden (Die Großhandelspreise sind während der ersten 5 Jahre nach der Reform (1992-1997) um mehr als 30 Prozent gefallen.)<br/></span></div><div><span style="color:#ff0000">&nbsp;</span></div><div><span style="color:#ff0000">Das verhältnismäßig reife institutionelle Umfeld wurde durch eine umfassende Reform der rechtlichen und makroökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen gestärkt. Eine unabhängige Regulierungsbehörde gewährleistet die Funktionsfähigkeit des Marktes. Das gewählte Modell ist das des freiwilligen Pools der neben der Funktion des Marktoperators auch die Funktion des ISO übernimmt. Die Regeln für den Poolhandel sind standardisiert und transparent. Stromerzeuger-, -verteiler, -händler und Großkunden sind zum Pool zugelassen. Konzessionsverträge, die auf 95 Jahre befristet sind, sichern die Investitionen in den Bereichen der Übertragung und Verteilung. Die Konzessionen werden alle zehn Jahre über einen Ausschreibungswettbewerb neu vergeben, wobei sich der aktuelle Konzessionsinhaber auch bewerben kann. Um zu verhindern, dass Preisregulierung und Wettbewerb zu wenig Investitionsanreize setzen, wurde eine im internationalen Vergleich außergewöhnlich detaillierte und erfolgreiche Qualitäts- und Leistungsregulierung eingesetzt. Die Effektivität wird über Strafzahlungen bei Nichterfüllung der Standards und eine Kontrolle auf Endverbraucherebene sichergestellt. Über 8 Prozent Argentiniens (v.a. ländliche Gebiete) sind noch nicht elektrifiziert oder nur teilelektrifiziert. Allerdings bieten die Bestimmungen zu den Konzessionsverträgen von Verteilungsnetzen genügend Raum für eine Alternative zum Wettbewerb im Großhandel. Die Vergabe in einkommensschwachen Regionen erfordert jedoch die Förderung durch staatliche Subventionen. Durch die Subventionen werden nur zurechenbare Zuwachskosten finanziert. Es kommt zu keinen Verzerrungen in den verbleibenden wettbewerblichen Bereichen. Am Beispiel Argentiniens kann man sehen, wie Wettbewerb gezielt dort gefördert wird, wo er möglich ist und Investitionsanreize dort gesetzt werden wo sie notwendig sind.</span></div>
-&nbsp;
-== Senegal&nbsp; ==
+== Senegal&nbsp;<br/> ==
 The concession approach in Senegal began with creation of the rural electrification agency ASER in 1998, driven by the World Bank and other international donors. This development, again, was driven by sector reform and the creation of a law, in 1998, that introduced first steps toward liberalisation of the energy market (IPPs were allowed, but the state utility remained the single buyer).
@@ Line 35: / Line 29: @@
-===== '''PPER'''<br/> =====
+=== PPER<br/> ===
 At the outset, the country has been divided into about 20 concessions, covering all unelectrified rural areas. As interest was limited, these were consecutively consolidated into 13 concessions. Each concession is financed by a donor (World Bank, KfW, AfDB, AFD etc.).
 For investment, a concessionaire may receive up to 70% subsidy from the state; 20% are the concessionaire's contribution; and 10% are paid by the user / final customer.
 A concession is granted for 25 years.
@@ Line 45: / Line 39: @@
-===== '''ERIL'''<br/> =====
+=== ERIL<br/> ===
 ERIL concessions are complimentary to PPER&nbsp;concessions. From the outset it was clear that PPER&nbsp;concessions would be cumbersome and lengthy to implement, and would not reach all customers in a given area. Therefore, and in order to accomodate local initiative, the tool of ERIL&nbsp;concessions was created.
@@ Line 53: / Line 47: @@
-===== '''PREMS'''<br/> =====
+=== PREMS<br/> ===
 PREM concessions were initially created to promote productive use of electricity, and to allow for electrification of social infrastructure. This kind of concessions has drawn the least attention from the private sector.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 &lt;&lt;intro&gt;&gt;&nbsp;
 = Typical schemes&nbsp;  =
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 The following schemes exist:
 *'''Competition for the market '''(bidding for concessions)&nbsp;
 *'''Open descending subsidy auction'''&nbsp;
 *'''...'''&nbsp;
 = Experiences&nbsp;  =
 &lt;&lt;intro&gt;&gt;&nbsp;
-== Argentina&nbsp; ==
+== Argentina&nbsp;  ==
 <div>Der argentinische Strommarkt war mit 15 GW installierter Kapazität und mehr als 10 Mio. Kunden bereits vor der Reform verhältnismäßig groß. Die Potenziale der Marktvergrößerung durch stärkere Einbindung in die Verbundnetze der Nachbarstaaten wurden genutzt. Gemessen an der sektorseitig vorgegebenen Beziehungsspezifität der Investitionen waren die Ausgangsbedingungen für einen verhältnismäßig hohen Marktöffnungsgrad somit prinzipiell gegeben. Re-Allokationsspielräume zur Verbesserung der Effizienz konnten durch die Liberalisierung der Erzeugungs- und Großhandelsstufe freigesetzt werden (Die Großhandelspreise sind während der ersten 5 Jahre nach der Reform (1992-1997) um mehr als 30 Prozent gefallen.)</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>Das verhältnismäßig reife institutionelle Umfeld wurde durch eine umfassende Reform der rechtlichen und makroökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen gestärkt. Eine unabhängige Regulierungsbehörde gewährleistet die Funktionsfähigkeit des Marktes. Das gewählte Modell ist das des freiwilligen Pools der neben der Funktion des Marktoperators auch die Funktion des ISO übernimmt. Die Regeln für den Poolhandel sind standardisiert und transparent. Stromerzeuger-, -verteiler, -händler und Großkunden sind zum Pool zugelassen. Konzessionsverträge, die auf 95 Jahre befristet sind, sichern die Investitionen in den Bereichen der Übertragung und Verteilung. Die Konzessionen werden alle zehn Jahre über einen Ausschreibungswettbewerb neu vergeben, wobei sich der aktuelle Konzessionsinhaber auch bewerben kann. Um zu verhindern, dass Preisregulierung und Wettbewerb zu wenig Investitionsanreize setzen, wurde eine im internationalen Vergleich außergewöhnlich detaillierte und erfolgreiche Qualitäts- und Leistungsregulierung eingesetzt. Die Effektivität wird über Strafzahlungen bei Nichterfüllung der Standards und eine Kontrolle auf Endverbraucherebene sichergestellt. Über 8 Prozent Argentiniens (v.a. ländliche Gebiete) sind noch nicht elektrifiziert oder nur teilelektrifiziert. Allerdings bieten die Bestimmungen zu den Konzessionsverträgen von Verteilungsnetzen genügend Raum für eine Alternative zum Wettbewerb im Großhandel. Die Vergabe in einkommensschwachen Regionen erfordert jedoch die Förderung durch staatliche Subventionen. Durch die Subventionen werden nur zurechenbare Zuwachskosten finanziert. Es kommt zu keinen Verzerrungen in den verbleibenden wettbewerblichen Bereichen. Am Beispiel Argentiniens kann man sehen, wie Wettbewerb gezielt dort gefördert wird, wo er möglich ist und Investitionsanreize dort gesetzt werden wo sie notwendig sind.</div>
 &nbsp;
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 As of mid-2010, four PPER&nbsp;concessions have been awarded, no ERIL&nbsp;concession has been awarded (although several concessionaires operate under temporary licenses), and no PREM concession has been awarded.<br>
-=== PPER<br> ===
+===== PPER<br> =====
 At the outset, the country has been divided into about 20 concessions, covering all unelectrified rural areas. As interest was limited, these were consecutively consolidated into 13 concessions. Each concession is financed by a donor (World Bank, KfW, AfDB, AFD etc.).<br>
@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 A concession is granted for 25 years.<br>
-=== ERIL<br> ===
+===== ERIL<br> =====
 ERIL concessions are complimentary to PPER&nbsp;concessions. From the outset it was clear that PPER&nbsp;concessions would be cumbersome and lengthy to implement, and would not reach all customers in a given area. Therefore, and in order to accomodate local initiative, the tool of ERIL&nbsp;concessions was created.<br>
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 The subsidy scheme is the same as in the other concessions: up to 70% by the state; at least 20% by the concessionaire; up to 10% by the user. ERIL concessions are granted for 15 years. GTZ/PERACOD supports ASER in the process of creating ERIL&nbsp;concessions.<br>
-=== PREMS<br> ===
+===== PREMS<br> =====
 PREM concessions were initially created to promote productive use of electricity, and to allow for electrification of social infrastructure. This kind of concessions has drawn the least attention from the private sector.<br>
@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 = Further Reading  =
 *....
 *....
-[[category:Financing,_promotion_schemes_and_subsidies|<font color="#002bb8">Financing,_promotion_schemes_and_subsidies</font>]]
+[[Category:Financing,_promotion_schemes_and_subsidies|<font color="#002bb8">Financing,_promotion_schemes_and_subsidies</font>]]