Cooking with Charcoal - Revision history

Tom Schulze at 12:54, 30 April 2018

2018-04-30T12:54:52Z

Tom Schulze: Text replace - "link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium

[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook

2018-04-30T12:18:22Z

Text replace - "link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium<br/><br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cook

Luis Azuaje at 09:18, 27 July 2017

2017-07-27T09:18:22Z

Lisafeldmann at 10:58, 15 March 2017

2017-03-15T10:58:01Z

Lisafeldmann at 10:11, 15 March 2017

2017-03-15T10:11:40Z

Lisafeldmann at 10:10, 15 March 2017

2017-03-15T10:10:56Z

Ranisha at 17:06, 20 December 2016

2016-12-20T17:06:51Z

Heike Volkmer at 10:56, 8 December 2016

2016-12-08T10:56:35Z

Heike Volkmer: /* Further Information */

2016-12-08T10:20:05Z

‎Further Information

Heike Volkmer at 10:19, 8 December 2016

2016-12-08T10:19:29Z

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-[[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Improved Cook Stove .28ICS.29 Interventions|Planning]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (ICS Supply)]]| '''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Technologies and Practices]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (Woodfuel Supply)]]| [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]]
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-[[Category:Impacts_Health]]
+{{#set: Hera category=Cooking Energy System}}
-[[Category:Cooking_Energy]]
-[[Category:Biomass]]
-[[Category:Impacts_Environmental]]
-[[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]
-[[Category:Charcoal]]
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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:58, 15 March 2017
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	<br/>[[#toc\|Top of the page]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium\|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]		<br/>[[#toc\|Top of the page]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium\|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]

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	[[Category:Impacts_Health]]		[[Category:Impacts_Health]]
		+	[[Category:Cooking_Energy]]
		+	[[Category:Biomass]]
		+	[[Category:Impacts_Environmental]]
		+	[[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]
		+	[[Category:Charcoal]]
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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:11, 15 March 2017
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	<br/>[[#toc\|Top of the page]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium\|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]		<br/>[[#toc\|Top of the page]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium\|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]

−	~~[[Category:Impacts_Health]]~~
−	~~[[Category:Cooking_Energy]]~~
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−	~~[[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]~~
	[[Category:Improved_Cooking]]		[[Category:Improved_Cooking]]
		+	[[Category:Charcoal]]
		+	[[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium_(GIZ_HERA)]]
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		+	[[Category:Biomass]]
		+	[[Category:Cooking_Energy]]
		+	[[Category:Impacts_Health]]

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-[[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Improved Cook Stove .28ICS.29 Interventions|Planning]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (ICS Supply)]]| [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Technologies and Practices]] | '''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (Woodfuel Supply)]]'''| [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]]
+[[File:GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|left|831px|GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|alt=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium small.png|link=GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Basics about Cooking Energy|Basics]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Policy Advice on Cooking Energy|Policy Advice]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Planning Improved Cook Stove .28ICS.29 Interventions|Planning]] | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Improved Cookstoves .28ICS.29 Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (ICS Supply)]]| '''[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Cooking Energy Technologies and Practices|Technologies and Practices]]''' | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Designing and Implementing Woodfuel Supply Interventions|Designing and Implementing (Woodfuel Supply)]]| [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium#Climate Change Related Issues|Climate Change]]
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 Charcoal is a solid biomass fuel obtained through the carbonization (also called pyrolysis) of wood. It has an average energy content of 30 MJ/kg. In comparison, firewood has an average energy content of 18 MJ/kg average.<ref name="Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf"> Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf</ref> Just considering the energy content of firewood and charcoal, one might come to the conclusion, that charcoal is the more preferable cooking fuel. But the carbonization of firewood into charcoal also requires energy. Assuming an average kiln efficiency between 10% - 30%, the conversion of 1kg wood yields only 0.1 – 0.3 kg of charcoal. In other words, in order to produce 1 kg of charcoal with a specific energy content of 30 MJ/kg, 3.3 to 10 kg of firewood is required, which would otherwise have a total energy content of 60 to 180 MJ. Therefore, by using charcoal instead of firewood, one loses between two to six times the total amounts of energy contained in the original firewood.<ref name="Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf">Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf</ref>
-[[File:Household Fuel Use Figure 1.1 woodfuel LPG.jpg|thumb|right|800pxpx|Amount of woodfuel in kg required to replace to 1 kg LPG depending on the conversion and combustion technology used]]
+[[File:Household Fuel Use Figure 1.1 woodfuel LPG.jpg|thumb|right|800px|Amount of woodfuel in kg required to replace to 1 kg LPG depending on the conversion and combustion technology used]]
 Right after production charcoal has moisture content less than 1%. Charcoal absorbs quickly moisture from the air, which can lead to a moisture content between 5% – 10%. Rain or watering by charcoal dealers to raise the weight of the charcoal can increase the moisture content even higher. However, moisture content should be kept low to prevent the energy loss, which is required to evaporate the water while burning charcoal.
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 Inefficient practices, conversion and end-use technologies for charcoal can also have serious implications for local and regional air quality. During charcoal production, the unloading of kilns, the collection of charcoal ashes for briquettes, and the burning of charcoal in households, gases and particulate matter (PM) are emitted into working and living environments. PM, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphate oxides and other volatile compounds emitted during charcoal processing and burning may lead to respiratory problems and ultimately illnesses such as acute respiratory infection (ARI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer or low birth weight.<ref name="R. Bailis, et al. (2003): Impacts of greenhouse gas and particulate emission from woodfuel production and end-use in Sub-Saharan Africa">R. Bailis, et al. (2003): Impacts of greenhouse gas and particulate emission from woodfuel production and end-use in Sub-Saharan Africa</ref> Indoor air emissions from charcoal stoves are lower than those from the combustion of fire wood in traditional and improved stoves.
 <div><br/><br/><br/></div>
 = Further Information =
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 = References =
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 <br/>[[Cooking with Charcoal#How is Charcoal Produced|Top of the page]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
 [[Category:Impacts_Health]]

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 Inefficient practices, conversion and end-use technologies for charcoal can also have serious implications for local and regional air quality. During charcoal production, the unloading of kilns, the collection of charcoal ashes for briquettes, and the burning of charcoal in households, gases and particulate matter (PM) are emitted into working and living environments. PM, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphate oxides and other volatile compounds emitted during charcoal processing and burning may lead to respiratory problems and ultimately illnesses such as acute respiratory infection (ARI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, lung cancer or low birth weight.<ref name="R. Bailis, et al. (2003): Impacts of greenhouse gas and particulate emission from woodfuel production and end-use in Sub-Saharan Africa">R. Bailis, et al. (2003): Impacts of greenhouse gas and particulate emission from woodfuel production and end-use in Sub-Saharan Africa</ref> Indoor air emissions from charcoal stoves are lower than those from the combustion of fire wood in traditional and improved stoves.
 <div><br/><br/><br/></div>
 = Further Information =
 *[http://www.charcoalproject.org/ The Charcoal Project Website]
-*[[Charcoal Cookstoves|Charcoal Cookstoves,]], article on energypedia
+*[[Charcoal Cookstoves|Charcoal Cookstoves]], article on energypedia
 *[[Charcoal Production|Charcoal Production]], article on energypedia
 *[[Indoor Air Pollution (IAP)|Indoor Air Pollution]], article on energypedia
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 = References =

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 = What is Charcoal - Introduction =
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 Charcoal is a solid biomass fuel obtained through the carbonization (also called pyrolysis) of wood. It has an average energy content of 30 MJ/kg. In comparison, firewood has an average energy content of 18 MJ/kg average.<ref name="Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf"> Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf</ref> Just considering the energy content of firewood and charcoal, one might come to the conclusion, that charcoal is the more preferable cooking fuel. But the carbonization of firewood into charcoal also requires energy. Assuming an average kiln efficiency between 10% - 30%, the conversion of 1kg wood yields only 0.1 – 0.3 kg of charcoal. In other words, in order to produce 1 kg of charcoal with a specific energy content of 30 MJ/kg, 3.3 to 10 kg of firewood is required, which would otherwise have a total energy content of 60 to 180 MJ. Therefore, by using charcoal instead of firewood, one loses between two to six times the total amounts of energy contained in the original firewood.<ref name="Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf">Sepp, S. (2014): Multiple-Household Fuel Use – a balanced choice between firewood, charcoal and LPG https://energypedia.info/wiki/File:2014-03_Multiple_Household_Cooking_Fuels_GIZ_HERA_eng.pdf</ref>
-[[File:Household Fuel Use Figure 1.1 woodfuel LPG.jpg|thumb|right|700pxpx|Amount of woodfuel in kg required to replace to 1 kg LPG depending on the conversion and combustion technology used]]
+[[File:Household Fuel Use Figure 1.1 woodfuel LPG.jpg|thumb|right|800pxpx|Amount of woodfuel in kg required to replace to 1 kg LPG depending on the conversion and combustion technology used]]
 Right after production charcoal has moisture content less than 1%. Charcoal absorbs quickly moisture from the air, which can lead to a moisture content between 5% – 10%. Rain or watering by charcoal dealers to raise the weight of the charcoal can increase the moisture content even higher. However, moisture content should be kept low to prevent the energy loss, which is required to evaporate the water while burning charcoal.
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 = How is Charcoal Produced? =
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 <br/>[[Cooking with Charcoal#How is Charcoal Produced|Top of the page]]<br/>[[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium]]
 [[Category:Improved_Cooking]]