Energy Efficiency Introduction - Revision history

Ranisha at 19:27, 14 July 2020

2020-07-14T19:27:24Z

Christoph Schulze: /* Further Readings */

2017-05-30T21:04:15Z

‎Further Readings

Hector Alfaro at 12:34, 11 May 2016

2016-05-11T12:34:00Z

Hector Alfaro: /* Measures for Increasing Energy Efficiency in Agricultural Value Chains */

2016-05-11T12:33:21Z

‎Measures for Increasing Energy Efficiency in Agricultural Value Chains

Hector Alfaro at 12:30, 11 May 2016

2016-05-11T12:30:10Z

Show changes

Stefan Eibisch: /* Energy Efficiency */

2016-05-11T09:52:16Z

‎Energy Efficiency

Ranisha: /* Efficiency in General */

2016-04-06T15:12:20Z

‎Efficiency in General

Ranisha at 13:45, 6 April 2016

2016-04-06T13:45:51Z

Ranisha at 13:43, 6 April 2016

2016-04-06T13:43:52Z

Ranisha at 13:43, 6 April 2016

2016-04-06T13:43:09Z

@@ Line 142: / Line 142: @@
 *[[Energy Efficiency in Powering Agriculture|Energy Efficiency in Powering Agriculture]]<br/>
-*[[Portal:Powering Agriculture|Energypedia Portal of Powering Agriculture]]<br/>
+*[[Portal:Water and Energy for Food|Water and Energy for Food (WE4F) portal on energypedia]]
 *FAO Study: [[Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart|Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart]]<br/>
 *[https://gc21.giz.de/ibt/var/app/wp385P/2624/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PAEGC_MOOC_COMPILED_READER.pdf Reader of the MOOC "Powering Agriculture - Sustainable Energy for Food"]
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 {{Go to Top}}
 [[Category:Powering_Agriculture]]

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 {{Go to Top}}
 = Further Readings =
@@ Line 144: / Line 145: @@
 *FAO Study: [[Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart|Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart]]<br/>
 *[https://gc21.giz.de/ibt/var/app/wp385P/2624/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PAEGC_MOOC_COMPILED_READER.pdf Reader of the MOOC "Powering Agriculture - Sustainable Energy for Food"]
 {{Go to Top}}
 = References =

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 {{Go to Top}}
 = Efficiency in General =
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 {{Go to Top}}
 = Conclusion =
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 {{Go to Top}}
 [[Category:Energy_Efficiency]]

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 |-
 | '''Which Energy'''(Service)<br/>
-| style="width: 310.69px;" | '''Demand? Which agri-food Processes/ Value Chains? '''<br/>
+| style="width: 20%" | '''Demand? Which agri-food Processes/ Value Chains? '''<br/>
-| style="width: 303.3px;" | '''Which common energy efficiency technologies/ measures? '''<br/>
+| style="width: 40%" | '''Which common energy efficiency technologies/ measures? '''<br/>
 |-
 | Heat supply<br/>
-| style="width: 310.69px;" |
+| style="width: 40%" |
 *Greenhouse farming<br/>
 *Processing (dairy production, drying fruits & vegetables, canned food etc.)<br/>
-| style="width: 303.3px;" |
+| style="width: 20%" |
 *Waste heat recovery (e.g. by heat exchangers that use ‘waste’ heat for pre-heating other processes)<br/>
 *Insulation of networks/ pipeline, building facilities<br/>
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 |-
 | Cooling & air conditioning / cold storage / cooling chains<br/>
-| style="width: 310.69px;" | In all agri-food sectors where food quality needs to be maintained after harvesting especially during processing and transporting food/ agri products => dairy/ milk production, rice production, vegetable production, beverage industry, drinking water treatment and processing etc.<br/>
+| style="width: 40%" | In all agri-food sectors where food quality needs to be maintained after harvesting especially during processing and transporting food/ agri products => dairy/ milk production, rice production, vegetable production, beverage industry, drinking water treatment and processing etc.<br/>
-| style="width: 303.3px;" |
+| style="width: 40%" |
 *Insulation of networks/ pipeline, building facilities<br/>
 *Minimizing heat load at the end of the processing phase of the cold chain<br/>
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 |-
 | Fertilizer<br/>
-| style="width: 310.69px;" | In many agri-food sectors/ processes<br/>
+| style="width: 20%" | In many agri-food sectors/ processes<br/>
-| style="width: 303.3px;" | Reducing heavy energy inputs in fertilizer manufacturing, but also by more accurate application methods.<br/>
+| style="width: 40%" | Reducing heavy energy inputs in fertilizer manufacturing, but also by more accurate application methods.<br/>
 |-
 | Water supply/ pumping<br/>
-| style="width: 310.69px;" |
+| style="width: 40%" |
 *Greenhouse farming<br/>
 *Irrigation for all agri-chains<br/>
@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
 *Food processing in general<br/>
-| style="width: 303.3px;" |
+| style="width: 20%" |
 *For irrigation: using gravity supply<br/>
 *Maintaining all equipment regularly;<br/>
@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 |-
 | Machinery (also tractors etc.)<br/>
-| style="width: 310.69px;" | Many agri-food processes (growing, harvesting, processing)<br/>
+| style="width: 40%" | Many agri-food processes (growing, harvesting, processing)<br/>
-| style="width: 303.3px;" |
+| style="width: 40%" |
 *Correct gear and throttle selection<br/>
 *Efficient automation (efficient electric drives & motors, as well as automate monitoring & control systems) for production and processing<br/>
@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 |-
 | Transport and distribution of food<br/>
-| style="width: 310.69px;" | Transport of food commodities (such as milk powder, rice in bulk, fruits, etc.), partly under controlled atmosphere or refrigeration<br/>
+| style="width: 20%" | Transport of food commodities (such as milk powder, rice in bulk, fruits, etc.), partly under controlled atmosphere or refrigeration<br/>
-| style="width: 303.3px;" | See as under cooling/ air conditioning<br/>
+| style="width: 40%" | See as under cooling/ air conditioning<br/>
 |-
 | Processing & packaging of food<br/>
-| style="width: 310.69px;" | Many agri-/food chains and their sites for processing agro-products or food/ beverages<br/>
+| style="width: 40%" | Many agri-/food chains and their sites for processing agro-products or food/ beverages<br/>
-| style="width: 303.3px;" | Efficient automation (efficient electric drives & motors, as well as automate monitoring & control systems) for production and processing<br/>
+| style="width: 20%" | Efficient automation (efficient electric drives & motors, as well as automate monitoring & control systems) for production and processing<br/>
 |-
 | Renewable energy and stable energy supply<br/>
-| style="width: 310.69px;" |
+| style="width: 40%" |
 *All along the value chain in many agri-food sectors<br/>
 *Where good local energy resources exist<br/>
 *Where stable power/ energy supply is need<br/>
-| style="width: 303.3px;" |
+| style="width: 40%" |
 *Using grid electricity with a growing share of renewables (solar, bioenergy, geothermal etc.)<br/>
 *Improving & modernization of power grid (centralized and decentralized networks)<br/>
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 |-
 | Lighting<br/>
-| style="width: 310.69px;" |
+| style="width: 20%" |
 *Greenhouses<br/>
 *Production, processing and storage sites<br/>
-| style="width: 303.3px;" |
+| style="width: 40%" |
 *Energy saving lighting technologies (e.g. LED)<br/>
 *Efficient automatisation of lighting (matching real demands<br/>
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 = Conclusion =

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 {{Go to Top}}
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 In addition, it is important to closely look at the denominator of the efficiency equation (the energy input). When comparing different technologies with one another, not only the end use appliances (like a light bulb) might be changed but also the form of energy input. For example, changing a system in which power and heat are conventionally generated in separate generation cycles while waste heat remains unused to a a) more efficient system with heat reuse and heat recovery or b) even to a combined heat & power supply (co-generation facilities) system. Now the energy production itself should be incorporated into the evaluation of efficiency.<br/>
-<br/>
+Check out&nbsp;an overview&nbsp;of articles relating to [[Energy_Efficiency_in_Powering_Agriculture|energy efficiency within the agriculture and food sector]].<br/>
 {{Go to Top}}
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 <br/>{{Go to Top}}
 = Conclusion<br/> =

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 = Efficiency in General<br/> =
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 The term efficiency is used in many different fields, for example in engineering, economy, medicine as well as in sociology. However, quite often the word is used ambiguously.<br/>
-Generally, efficiency is defined as the ratio of the desired output (useful effect) to the required input (used resources) of any system.<ref name="Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J. Velázquez, D. 2012. Revisting energy efficiency fundamentals. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 27 November, pp. 239-254">Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J. Velázquez, D. 2012. Revisting energy efficiency fundamentals. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 27 November, pp. 239-254</ref>&nbsp;Efficiency can easily be expressed as:<br/>
+Generally, efficiency is defined as the ratio of the desired output (useful effect) to the required input (used resources) of any system.<ref name="Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J. Velázquez, D. 2012. Revisiting energy efficiency fundamentals. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 27 November, pp. 239-254">Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J. Velázquez, D. 2012. Revisiting energy efficiency fundamentals. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 27 November, pp. 239-254</ref>&nbsp;Efficiency can easily be expressed as:<br/>
 <p style="text-align: center;">[[File:Efficiency Formel.png|center|350px|alt=Efficiency Formel.png]]</p>
 The equation highlights that efficiency always involves both used resource and provided services. Therefore, efficiency can be improved if the same service is provided using fewer resources, or if a better service is achieved with the same resource consumption as before. These two scenarios are often referred to as minimization and maximization strategy, respectively.
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 {{Go to Top}}
 = Energy Efficiency<br/> =

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 = Overview<br/> =
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 {{Go to Top}}
 [[Category:Energy_Efficiency]]

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 Further information on the mentioned [[MOOC: Powering Agriculture – Sustainable Energy for Food|MOOC on "Powering Agriculture - Sustainable Energy for Food"]]&nbsp;and related materials you can find [https://gc21.giz.de/ibt/var/app/wp385P/2624/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/PAEGC_MOOC_COMPILED_READER.pdf here].
 = Efficiency in General<br/> =
@@ Line 19: / Line 23: @@
 <p style="text-align: center;">[[File:Efficiency Formel.png|center|350px|alt=Efficiency Formel.png]]</p>
 The equation highlights that efficiency always involves both used resource and provided services. Therefore, efficiency can be improved if the same service is provided using fewer resources, or if a better service is achieved with the same resource consumption as before. These two scenarios are often referred to as minimization and maximization strategy, respectively.
 = Energy Efficiency<br/> =
-The energy efficiency of energy systems is classically assessed by looking<span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 0.85em;">&nbsp;at the energy conversion efficiency (η), (Greek letter Eta).</span>
+The energy efficiency of energy systems is classically assessed by looking &nbsp;at the energy conversion efficiency (η), (Greek letter Eta).
 The most common example of calculating energy efficiency is a conventional power plant where heat is converted into electricity by using a turbine and a generator. In such thermal power plants, energy input would refer to the heat fed into the process and the electricity produced as the useful output. Both elements are energy flows and can be quantified by using thermodynamic calculations which result in an absolute value for efficiency.<br/>
@@ Line 28: / Line 36: @@
 Unfortunately, such a straight forward procedure is not always applicable: For example modern light bulbs with LED technology are able to provide a light with brightness or more accurately, with visible light of 1000 lumen with electricity input of 20 Watt. On the other hand, the old incandescent light bulb technology needs five times more electricity input to provide the same brightness of visible light.
-The LED uses the input resource in a more efficient way. However, we have to be aware that this comparison is only acceptable when the output or service is really the same in both technologies. In the case of a light bulb, some people might say that brightness is the only important factor, but others might argue, the LED provides a different light colour and therefore a different or less valuable service than the incandescent bulb. “Therefore, it is worth distinguishing between quality and quantity of output service. Evaluating the quality of services is generally difficult, especially when multiple services are provided by the system subject to analysis<ref name="Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J. Velázquez, D. 2012. Revisting energy efficiency fundamentals. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 27 November, pp. 239-254">Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J. Velázquez, D. 2012. Revisting energy efficiency fundamentals. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 27 November, pp. 239-254</ref>“.
+The LED uses the input resource in a more efficient way. However, we have to be aware that this comparison is only acceptable when the output or service is really the same in both technologies. In the case of a light bulb, some people might say that brightness is the only important factor, but others might argue, the LED provides a different light colour and therefore a different or less valuable service than the incandescent bulb. “Therefore, it is worth distinguishing between quality and quantity of output service. Evaluating the quality of services is generally difficult, especially when multiple services are provided by the system subject to analysis<ref name="Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J. Velázquez, D. 2012. Revisiting energy efficiency fundamentals. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 27 November, pp. 239-254">Pérez-Lombard, L., Ortiz, J. Velázquez, D. 2012. Revisiting energy efficiency fundamentals. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 27 November, pp. 239-254</ref>“.
 In addition, it is important to closely look at the denominator of the efficiency equation (the energy input). When comparing different technologies with one another, not only the end use appliances (like a light bulb) might be changed but also the form of energy input. For example, changing a system in which power and heat are conventionally generated in separate generation cycles while waste heat remains unused to a a) more efficient system with heat reuse and heat recovery or b) even to a combined heat & power supply (co-generation facilities) system. Now the energy production itself should be incorporated into the evaluation of efficiency.<br/>
 <br/>
 == Energy Efficiency – Global Dimension and Co-Benefits<br/> ==
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 The following table gives a short overview of typical energy demand occurring in many agricultural value chains (due to applied energy intensive processes and technologies), and of common technologies and measures for increasing energy efficiency well as other co-benefits.
 == Measures for Increasing Energy Efficiency in Agricultural Value Chains<br/> ==
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 |}
-<br/>
+<br/>{{Go to Top}}
 = Conclusion<br/> =
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 *Assessing energy efficiency is only possible when the systems to be compared are examined within the same system boundaries.<br/>
-<br/>
+<br/>{{Go to Top}}
 = References<br/> =
 *[https://gc21.giz.de/ibt/var/app/wp385P/2624/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PAEGC_MOOC_COMPILED_READER.pdf Reader of the MOOC "Powering Agriculture - Sustainable Energy for Food"]
-*<references /><br/>
 = Further Readings<br/> =
@@ Line 144: / Line 163: @@
 *FAO Study: [[Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart|Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart]]<br/>
 *[https://gc21.giz.de/ibt/var/app/wp385P/2624/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PAEGC_MOOC_COMPILED_READER.pdf Reader of the MOOC "Powering Agriculture - Sustainable Energy for Food"]
 [[Category:Energy_Efficiency]]
 [[Category:Energy_efficiency]]