Ethanol Cooking Fuel in Kenya - Revision history

Alexa von Geusau: /* Conclusion */

2019-10-28T12:46:44Z

‎Conclusion

Alexa von Geusau at 11:36, 28 October 2019

2019-10-28T11:36:36Z

Johanna at 10:45, 28 October 2019

2019-10-28T10:45:13Z

Johanna at 10:43, 28 October 2019

2019-10-28T10:43:44Z

Alexa von Geusau: /* Ethanol Cooking Fuel in Kenya: Socio-economic, Environmental and Health issues */

2019-10-28T10:42:23Z

‎Ethanol Cooking Fuel in Kenya: Socio-economic, Environmental and Health issues

Alexa von Geusau: /* Kenya's Current Cooking Fuel Situation */

2019-10-28T10:41:34Z

‎Kenya's Current Cooking Fuel Situation

Show changes

Alexa von Geusau at 10:39, 28 October 2019

2019-10-28T10:39:52Z

Show changes

Alexa von Geusau at 08:06, 28 October 2019

2019-10-28T08:06:22Z

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Johanna: /* Further Information */

2019-10-23T08:32:35Z

‎Further Information

Johanna at 15:25, 22 October 2019

2019-10-22T15:25:37Z

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 &nbsp;
 <div>
 = Conclusion&nbsp; =
-</div>
-Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;presents a viable alternative cooking fuel option for Kenyans who currently pay for their cooking fuel, particularly for the lower-income urban population. This change represents a win-win opportunity for Kenya to contribute towards the Sustainable Development Goals and its Nationally Determined Contribution. The Government of Kenya has been proactive in promoting clean fuels, and an opportunitiy remains to eliminate the remaining barriers to drive the adoption of clean cooking fuels, and reap significant poverty-alleviation, economic, environmental and health benefits.&nbsp;<br/>
+&lt;/div&gt; Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;presents a viable alternative cooking fuel option for Kenyans who currently pay for their cooking fuel, particularly for the lower-income urban population. This change represents a win-win opportunity for Kenya to contribute towards the Sustainable Development Goals and its Nationally Determined Contribution. The Government of Kenya has been proactive in promoting clean fuels, and an opportunitiy remains to eliminate the remaining barriers to drive the adoption of clean cooking fuels, and reap significant poverty-alleviation, economic, environmental and health benefits.&nbsp;<br/>
 <br/>
 = Further Information =

@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 = Conclusion&nbsp; =
 </div>
-Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;presents a viable alternative cooking fuel option for Kenyans who currently pay for their cooking fuel, particularly for the lower-income urban population. This change represents a win-win opportunity for Kenya to contribute towards the Sustainable Development Goals and its Nationally Determined Contribution. The Government of Kenya has been proactive in promoting clean fuels, and an opportunitiy remains to eliminate the remaining barriers to drive the adoption of clean cooking fuels, and reap significant poverty-alleviation, economic, environmental and health benefits.&nbsp; <br/>
+Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;presents a viable alternative cooking fuel option for Kenyans who currently pay for their cooking fuel, particularly for the lower-income urban population. This change represents a win-win opportunity for Kenya to contribute towards the Sustainable Development Goals and its Nationally Determined Contribution. The Government of Kenya has been proactive in promoting clean fuels, and an opportunitiy remains to eliminate the remaining barriers to drive the adoption of clean cooking fuels, and reap significant poverty-alleviation, economic, environmental and health benefits.&nbsp;<br/>
-−
 = Further Information =
@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 = References =
-<references />
+<references /><br/>
 </div>
 [[Category:Kenya]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= <span style="font-size: 0.85em">&nbsp;Overview</span> =
+= Overview =
 Ethanol Cooking Fuel, is a renewable clean liquid biofuel which can be distilled from starch and used as a&nbsp;[[Cooking Fuels|Cooking Fuels]]. This article is based on the June 2018 Dalberg Report, commissioned by [https://southsouthnorth.org SouthSouthNorth]: [https://southsouthnorth.org/portfolio_page/mobilising-investment-for-ndc-implementation/ Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis], and specifically reflects on how&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;fits into the Kenyan cooking fuel market, as well as the challenges and opportunities it presents.<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 == Ethanol Cooking Fuel in Kenya: Socio-economic, Environmental and Health issues ==
-&lt;/div&gt; In terms of environmental impact, switching from kerosene and charcoal to&nbsp;Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 0.7 - 3.3 tonnes per household per year, respectively and slow down deforestation, a major contributor to land degradation<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. From a health and well-being perspective, switching to&nbsp;Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;reduces the exposure to indoor air pollution<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. Furthermore, a shift to&nbsp;Ethanol as Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;presents economic opportunity for Kenya, by providing future growth prospects in the bioethanol production sector, which could lead to significant job creation across the value chain<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref><ref name="Lambe, F., Jürisoo, M., Wanjiru, H., and Senyagwa, J., 2015. Bringing clean, safe, affordable cooking energy to households across Africa: an agenda for action. Prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm and Nairobi, for the New Climate Economy. Available at: http://newclimateeconomy.report/misc/working-papers.">Lambe, F., Jürisoo, M., Wanjiru, H., and Senyagwa, J., 2015. Bringing clean, safe, affordable cooking energy to households acrossfckLRAfrica: an agenda for action. Prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm and Nairobi, for the New ClimatefckLREconomy. Available at: http://newclimateeconomy.report/misc/working-papers. </ref>&nbsp;and positive balance-of payment outcomes. This will require demand for bioethanol to grow, which requires enabling the sector through removing policy and tax barriers (discussed further in section&nbsp;''key challenges & recommendations''). Socio-economically, the shift to&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;(ECF) also enables lower income people to access smaller volumes, making it more affordable, as well as reducing time spent collecting fuel per household (mostly for women)<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. This accessiblity has been enabled by the&nbsp;<u>[https://kokonetworks.com/ KOKO Networks]</u>&nbsp;business model.&nbsp;
+In terms of environmental impact, switching from kerosene and charcoal to&nbsp;Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 0.7 - 3.3 tonnes per household per year, respectively and slow down deforestation, a major contributor to land degradation<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. From a health and well-being perspective, switching to&nbsp;Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;reduces the exposure to indoor air pollution<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. Furthermore, a shift to&nbsp;Ethanol as Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;presents economic opportunity for Kenya, by providing future growth prospects in the bioethanol production sector, which could lead to significant job creation across the value chain<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref><ref name="Lambe, F., Jürisoo, M., Wanjiru, H., and Senyagwa, J., 2015. Bringing clean, safe, affordable cooking energy to households across Africa: an agenda for action. Prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm and Nairobi, for the New Climate Economy. Available at: http://newclimateeconomy.report/misc/working-papers.">Lambe, F., Jürisoo, M., Wanjiru, H., and Senyagwa, J., 2015. Bringing clean, safe, affordable cooking energy to households acrossfckLRAfrica: an agenda for action. Prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm and Nairobi, for the New ClimatefckLREconomy. Available at: http://newclimateeconomy.report/misc/working-papers. </ref>&nbsp;and positive balance-of payment outcomes. This will require demand for bioethanol to grow, which requires enabling the sector through removing policy and tax barriers (discussed further in section&nbsp;''key challenges & recommendations''). Socio-economically, the shift to&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;(ECF) also enables lower income people to access smaller volumes, making it more affordable, as well as reducing time spent collecting fuel per household (mostly for women)<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. This accessiblity has been enabled by the&nbsp;<u>[https://kokonetworks.com/ KOKO Networks]</u>&nbsp;business model.&nbsp;
 &nbsp;
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 = Conclusion&nbsp; =
 </div>
-Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;presents a viable alternative cooking fuel option for Kenyans who currently pay for their cooking fuel, particularly for the lower-income urban population. This change represents a win-win opportunity for Kenya to contribute towards the Sustainable Development Goals and its Nationally Determined Contribution. The Government of Kenya has been proactive in promoting clean fuels, and an opportunitiy remains to eliminate the remaining barriers to drive the adoption of clean cooking fuels, and reap significant poverty-alleviation, economic, environmental and health benefits.&nbsp;&nbsp;
+Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;presents a viable alternative cooking fuel option for Kenyans who currently pay for their cooking fuel, particularly for the lower-income urban population. This change represents a win-win opportunity for Kenya to contribute towards the Sustainable Development Goals and its Nationally Determined Contribution. The Government of Kenya has been proactive in promoting clean fuels, and an opportunitiy remains to eliminate the remaining barriers to drive the adoption of clean cooking fuels, and reap significant poverty-alleviation, economic, environmental and health benefits.&nbsp; <br/>
 = Further Information =
@@ Line 72: / Line 70: @@
 *[[:Portal:Improved Cooking|Cooking Portal]]
 *[[Alcohol Stoves|Alcohol Stoves]]
 = References =
@@ Line 82: / Line 76: @@
 </div>
 [[Category:Bioenergy]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= <span style="font-size: 0.85em;">&nbsp;Overview</span> =
+= <span style="font-size: 0.85em">&nbsp;Overview</span> =
-Ethanol Cooking Fuel, is a renewable clean liquid biofuel which can be distilled from starch and used as a&nbsp;[[Cooking Fuels|Cooking Fuels]]. This article is based on the June 2018 Dalberg Report, commissioned by [https://southsouthnorth.org SouthSouthNorth]: [https://southsouthnorth.org/portfolio_page/mobilising-investment-for-ndc-implementation/ Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis], and specifically reflects on how&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;fits into the Kenyan cooking fuel market, as well as the challenges and opportunities it presents.<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). ">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>
+Ethanol Cooking Fuel, is a renewable clean liquid biofuel which can be distilled from starch and used as a&nbsp;[[Cooking Fuels|Cooking Fuels]]. This article is based on the June 2018 Dalberg Report, commissioned by [https://southsouthnorth.org SouthSouthNorth]: [https://southsouthnorth.org/portfolio_page/mobilising-investment-for-ndc-implementation/ Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis], and specifically reflects on how&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;fits into the Kenyan cooking fuel market, as well as the challenges and opportunities it presents.<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>
 &nbsp;
 <div>
 = Kenya's Current Cooking Fuel Situation =
-&lt;/div&gt; In [[Kenya Energy Situation|Kenya]], the majority of the population cooks with dirty (smoke and soot producing) cooking fuels which create broader environmental issues and specific health issues at the household level. Currently,&nbsp;[[Cooking with Kerosene|kerosene]],&nbsp;[[Cooking with Charcoal|charcoal]]&nbsp;and&nbsp;[[Cooking with Firewood|firewood]]&nbsp;dominate the cooking fuel market<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>&nbsp;– all of which are considered dirty cooking fuels<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. The Government of Kenya has recognised the need to shift to cleaner cooking fuels in an attempt to reduce negative health and environmental impacts. Through a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, a shift to the use of ethanol cooking fuel would be a significant contributor to Kenya's&nbsp;[[Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC)|Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC)]].<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>
+In [[Kenya Energy Situation|Kenya]], the majority of the population cooks with dirty (smoke and soot producing) cooking fuels which create broader environmental issues and specific health issues at the household level. Currently,&nbsp;[[Cooking with Kerosene|kerosene]],&nbsp;[[Cooking with Charcoal|charcoal]]&nbsp;and&nbsp;[[Cooking with Firewood|firewood]]&nbsp;dominate the cooking fuel market<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>&nbsp;– all of which are considered dirty cooking fuels<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. The Government of Kenya has recognised the need to shift to cleaner cooking fuels in an attempt to reduce negative health and environmental impacts. Through a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, a shift to the use of ethanol cooking fuel would be a significant contributor to Kenya's&nbsp;[[Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC)|Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC)]].<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>
 &nbsp;
@@ Line 25: / Line 24: @@
 &nbsp;
 <div>
 == Ethanol Cooking Fuel in Kenya: Socio-economic, Environmental and Health issues ==
@@ Line 41: / Line 39: @@
 &nbsp;(See also&nbsp;[[Energy and the Sustainable Development Goals|Energy and the Sustainable Development Goals]])
 <div></div>
+<br/>
 = Key Challenges & Recommendations =
 </div>
-At the time publishing (June 2018), the Dalberg report stated that Kenya is ranked below other sub-saharan African countries in terms of&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;friendly policy<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). ">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. Its cost in Kenya is inflated by 25% import tariffs, but, as mentioned, the Government of Kenya has shown support to grant it a zero-VAT rating. In order for&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;to compete with other cooking fuels, similar steps (in the form of favourable tariff treatment) are needed to level the playing field. Despite Liquified Petroleum Gas being an existing clean cooking fuel option with a zero-VAT rating<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). ">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).
+At the time publishing (June 2018), the Dalberg report stated that Kenya is ranked below other sub-saharan African countries in terms of&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;friendly policy<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. Its cost in Kenya is inflated by 25% import tariffs, but, as mentioned, the Government of Kenya has shown support to grant it a zero-VAT rating. In order for&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;to compete with other cooking fuels, similar steps (in the form of favourable tariff treatment) are needed to level the playing field. Despite Liquified Petroleum Gas being an existing clean cooking fuel option with a zero-VAT rating<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). fckLRfckLR</ref>, it is currently only afforable to a the (relatively) higher-income of the target urban population. Overcoming the challenge of&nbsp;tariffs on Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;will together with Liquefied Petroleum Gas, enable the affordability for the necessary shift to clean cooking fuels<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). fckLRfckLR</ref>&nbsp;across the whole of the target population.
-</ref>, it is currently only afforable to a the (relatively) higher-income of the target urban population. Overcoming the challenge of&nbsp;tariffs on Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;will together with Liquefied Petroleum Gas, enable the affordability for the necessary shift to clean cooking fuels<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). ">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).
+In order for the&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;sector to grow in Kenya, investors will want to see a demand track record. According to the Dalberg&nbsp;report, to create this demand and accelerate the&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;market, a phased approach is required<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). fckLRfckLR</ref>.The Government of Kenya will need to implement further tax concessions to make&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;more competitive and therefore help drive the demand, consequently driving local supply. Fortunately,&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;can leverage existing infrastructure which represents an opportunity for the industry to move rapidly to scale<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). fckLRfckLR</ref>.
-−
-</ref>&nbsp;across the whole of the target population.
-−
 In order for the&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;sector to grow in Kenya, investors will want to see a demand track record. According to the Dalberg&nbsp;report, to create this demand and accelerate the&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;market, a phased approach is required<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). ">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).
-−
 </ref>.The Government of Kenya will need to implement further tax concessions to make&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;more competitive and therefore help drive the demand, consequently driving local supply. Fortunately,&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;can leverage existing infrastructure which represents an opportunity for the industry to move rapidly to scale<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). ">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).
-−
 </ref>.
 &nbsp;
-It was recommended in the Dalberg report<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). ">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).
+It was recommended in the Dalberg report<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). fckLRfckLR</ref>&nbsp;that the Government of Kenya takes the following steps to enable the shift to clean cooking fuel in Kenya (for the sake of this article,&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel):
-−
 </ref>&nbsp;that the Government of Kenya takes the following steps to enable the shift to clean cooking fuel in Kenya (for the sake of this article,&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel):
 *grant bioethanol a Zero-VAT rating: which, to Kenya’s credit is already underway
@@ Line 90: / Line 78: @@
 = References =
 [[Category:Bioenergy]]

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 &nbsp;
 <div>
 == Ethanol Cooking Fuel in Kenya: Socio-economic, Environmental and Health issues ==
-</div>
-In terms of environmental impact, switching from kerosene and charcoal to&nbsp;Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 0.7 - 3.3 tonnes per household per year, respectively and slow down deforestation, a major contributor to land degradation<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. From a health and well-being perspective, switching to&nbsp;Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;reduces the exposure to indoor air pollution<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. Furthermore, a shift to&nbsp;Ethanol as Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;presents economic opportunity for Kenya, by providing future growth prospects in the bioethanol production sector, which could lead to significant job creation across the value chain<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref><ref name="Lambe, F., Jürisoo, M., Wanjiru, H., and Senyagwa, J., 2015. Bringing clean, safe, affordable cooking energy to households across Africa: an agenda for action. Prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm and Nairobi, for the New Climate Economy. Available at: http://newclimateeconomy.report/misc/working-papers.">Lambe, F., Jürisoo, M., Wanjiru, H., and Senyagwa, J., 2015. Bringing clean, safe, affordable cooking energy to households acrossfckLRAfrica: an agenda for action. Prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm and Nairobi, for the New ClimatefckLREconomy. Available at: http://newclimateeconomy.report/misc/working-papers. </ref>&nbsp;and positive balance-of payment outcomes. This will require demand for bioethanol to grow, which requires enabling the sector through removing policy and tax barriers (discussed further in section&nbsp;''key challenges & recommendations''). Socio-economically, the shift to&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;(ECF) also enables lower income people to access smaller volumes, making it more affordable, as well as reducing time spent collecting fuel per household (mostly for women)<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. This accessiblity has been enabled by the&nbsp;<u>[https://kokonetworks.com/ KOKO Networks]</u>&nbsp;business model.&nbsp;
+&lt;/div&gt; In terms of environmental impact, switching from kerosene and charcoal to&nbsp;Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 0.7 - 3.3 tonnes per household per year, respectively and slow down deforestation, a major contributor to land degradation<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. From a health and well-being perspective, switching to&nbsp;Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;reduces the exposure to indoor air pollution<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. Furthermore, a shift to&nbsp;Ethanol as Clean Cooking Fuel&nbsp;presents economic opportunity for Kenya, by providing future growth prospects in the bioethanol production sector, which could lead to significant job creation across the value chain<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref><ref name="Lambe, F., Jürisoo, M., Wanjiru, H., and Senyagwa, J., 2015. Bringing clean, safe, affordable cooking energy to households across Africa: an agenda for action. Prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm and Nairobi, for the New Climate Economy. Available at: http://newclimateeconomy.report/misc/working-papers.">Lambe, F., Jürisoo, M., Wanjiru, H., and Senyagwa, J., 2015. Bringing clean, safe, affordable cooking energy to households acrossfckLRAfrica: an agenda for action. Prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm and Nairobi, for the New ClimatefckLREconomy. Available at: http://newclimateeconomy.report/misc/working-papers. </ref>&nbsp;and positive balance-of payment outcomes. This will require demand for bioethanol to grow, which requires enabling the sector through removing policy and tax barriers (discussed further in section&nbsp;''key challenges & recommendations''). Socio-economically, the shift to&nbsp;Ethanol Cooking Fuel&nbsp;(ECF) also enables lower income people to access smaller volumes, making it more affordable, as well as reducing time spent collecting fuel per household (mostly for women)<ref name="Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019).">Dalberg. (2018) Scaling up clean cooking in urban Kenya with LPG & Bio-ethanol: A market and policy analysis. Available at: https://southsouthnorth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Scaling-up-clean-cooking-in-urban-Kenya-with-LPG-and-Bio-ethanol.pdf (Accessed: 1 September 2019). </ref>. This accessiblity has been enabled by the&nbsp;<u>[https://kokonetworks.com/ KOKO Networks]</u>&nbsp;business model.&nbsp;
 &nbsp;
@@ Line 39: / Line 40: @@
 &nbsp;(See also&nbsp;[[Energy and the Sustainable Development Goals|Energy and the Sustainable Development Goals]])
 <div></div>

@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 <br/>
 = Further Information =
@@ Line 72: / Line 73: @@
 *[[Cooking Fuels|Cooking Fuels]]
 *[[Cooking with Ethanol and Methanol|Cooking with Ethanol]]
-*[[:Portal:Improved_Cooking|Cooking Portal]]
+*[[:Portal:Improved Cooking|Cooking Portal]]
 <br/>
 = References =