Flexibility (Power System) - Revision history

Tony Yen at 18:53, 1 November 2019

2019-11-01T18:53:07Z

Tony Yen at 14:40, 31 October 2019

2019-10-31T14:40:50Z

Tony Yen at 11:17, 26 October 2019

2019-10-26T11:17:07Z

Tony Yen at 01:02, 25 September 2019

2019-09-25T01:02:20Z

Tony Yen at 16:04, 24 September 2019

2019-09-24T16:04:37Z

Tony Yen at 16:00, 24 September 2019

2019-09-24T16:00:39Z

Tony Yen at 23:36, 19 September 2019

2019-09-19T23:36:46Z

Tony Yen at 23:24, 19 September 2019

2019-09-19T23:24:38Z

Tony Yen at 21:55, 19 September 2019

2019-09-19T21:55:06Z

Tony Yen at 21:53, 19 September 2019

2019-09-19T21:53:10Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-= Flexibility: Concept Definition =
+= Flexibility: Concept Definition<br/> =
 As the world shift to more renewable energy, especially variable ones such as wind and solar, a paradigm shift in the power sector has gradually taken place to meet the transition. In particular is the growing trend of more focus on the so-called "Power System Flexibility" in the academic and industrial sectors in this field.
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 If a renewable technology is fully dispatchable, such as biogas power plants, hydroelectric power plants, and geothermal power plants, then they can also provide the flexible operations needed to balance the residual load variations. In fact, hydroelectric power plants and geothermal power plants are perhaps the most flexible among all the fully dispatchable energy sources.
-For wind and solar which are variable in their nature, it is still possible to provide some flexibility services on the economic dispatch level. Of course, when there is no wind nor solar, other sources will still be needed, but flexible variable renewables still have some system, economic and environmental benefits in the near future. For instance, they can provide positive and negative balancing energy when they are available, and therefore reduce the need of conventional power plants for providing system must run<ref>Investigating the Economic Value of Flexible Solar Power Plant Operation, https://www.ethree.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Investigating-the-Economic-Value-of-Flexible-Solar-Power-Plant-Operation.pdf</ref>. A detailed example of this "flexible VRE" can be seen in [[:File:Bidding_Strategies_and_Impacts_of_Flexible_Variable_Renewable_Energy_Sources_in_a_Simulated_German_Electricity_Market.pdf|here]].
+For wind and solar which are variable in their nature, it is still possible to provide some flexibility services on the economic dispatch level. Of course, when there is no wind nor solar, other sources will still be needed, but flexible variable renewables still have some system, economic and environmental benefits in the near future. For instance, they can provide positive and negative balancing energy when they are available, and therefore reduce the need of conventional power plants for providing system must run<ref>Investigating the Economic Value of Flexible Solar Power Plant Operation, https://www.ethree.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Investigating-the-Economic-Value-of-Flexible-Solar-Power-Plant-Operation.pdf</ref>. A detailed example of this "flexible VRE" can be seen in [[:File:Bidding Strategies and Impacts of Flexible Variable Renewable Energy Sources in a Simulated German Electricity Market.pdf|this report: Bidding Strategies and Impacts of Flexible Variable Renewable Energy Sources in a Simulated German Electricity Market]].<br/>
-== Storage ==
+Below we showed the resulting operation plans in the report: the first graph is the result without flexible renewable energy sources, therefore conventional power plants must provide the system must run constantly; the second graph is the result with flexible renewable energy sources (VRE and DRE alike), and we can see that renewable energy power plants can provide the system must run and thereby supply 100% of the electricity demand at certain period of times.<br/>
 Pumped storage systems have long been used, and certainly will play a bigger part in the new power system for providing flexibility. Apart from that, other storage options are currently still not economically feasible to provide residual load flexibility from a system perspective.<ref>Currently, even the most optimistic estimations expects electrical storage to work out cheaper than flexible conventional plants no earlier than 2021, http://reneweconomy.com.au/2018-when-battery-storage-gets-a-grip-on-the-grid-37990/</ref>
@@ Line 116: / Line 122: @@
 [[File:Renewables are blooming; is the power system ready? A Prognosis on Residual Load Flexibility in Taiwan by 2025.pdf|border|180px|Renewables are blooming; is the power system ready? A Prognosis on Residual Load Flexibility in Taiwan by 2025|alt=Renewables are blooming; is the power system ready? A Prognosis on Residual Load Flexibility in Taiwan by 2025]]
-[[File:Bidding_Strategies_and_Impacts_of_Flexible_Variable_Renewable_Energy_Sources_in_a_Simulated_German_Electricity_Market.pdf|File:Bidding Strategies and Impacts of Flexible Variable Renewable Energy Sources in a Simulated German Electricity Market.pdf]]
+[[File:Bidding Strategies and Impacts of Flexible Variable Renewable Energy Sources in a Simulated German Electricity Market.pdf|180px|File:Bidding Strategies and Impacts of Flexible Variable Renewable Energy Sources in a Simulated German Electricity Market.pdf|alt=File:Bidding Strategies and Impacts of Flexible Variable Renewable Energy Sources in a Simulated German Electricity Market.pdf]]
 [[Residual Load|Residual Load]]<br/>

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 If a renewable technology is fully dispatchable, such as biogas power plants, hydroelectric power plants, and geothermal power plants, then they can also provide the flexible operations needed to balance the residual load variations. In fact, hydroelectric power plants and geothermal power plants are perhaps the most flexible among all the fully dispatchable energy sources.
-For wind and solar which are variable in their nature, it is still possible to provide some flexibility services on the economic dispatch level. Of course, when there is no wind nor solar, other sources will still be needed, but flexible variable renewables still have some system, economic and environmental benefits in the near future. For instance, they can provide positive and negative balancing energy when they are available, and therefore reduce the need of conventional power plants for providing system must run<ref>Investigating the Economic Value of Flexible Solar Power Plant Operation, https://www.ethree.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Investigating-the-Economic-Value-of-Flexible-Solar-Power-Plant-Operation.pdf</ref>.
+For wind and solar which are variable in their nature, it is still possible to provide some flexibility services on the economic dispatch level. Of course, when there is no wind nor solar, other sources will still be needed, but flexible variable renewables still have some system, economic and environmental benefits in the near future. For instance, they can provide positive and negative balancing energy when they are available, and therefore reduce the need of conventional power plants for providing system must run<ref>Investigating the Economic Value of Flexible Solar Power Plant Operation, https://www.ethree.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Investigating-the-Economic-Value-of-Flexible-Solar-Power-Plant-Operation.pdf</ref>. A detailed example of this "flexible VRE" can be seen in [[:File:Bidding_Strategies_and_Impacts_of_Flexible_Variable_Renewable_Energy_Sources_in_a_Simulated_German_Electricity_Market.pdf|here]].
 == Storage ==
@@ Line 115: / Line 115: @@
 [[File:Renewables are blooming; is the power system ready? A Prognosis on Residual Load Flexibility in Taiwan by 2025.pdf|border|180px|Renewables are blooming; is the power system ready? A Prognosis on Residual Load Flexibility in Taiwan by 2025|alt=Renewables are blooming; is the power system ready? A Prognosis on Residual Load Flexibility in Taiwan by 2025]]
 [[Residual Load|Residual Load]]<br/>

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 <br/>
-The role of nuclear power plants in providing residual load flexibility is more unclear. Ramping the power output of nuclear power plants regularly tend to damage the revenues and lifespan of the plants. In countries where a clear nuclear phase out plan has been set, this is less of a problem; the nuclear fleet in Germany performed some 40% of power reduction during storms in autumn 2017<ref>https://www.energy-charts.de/power.htm?source=uranium&year=2017&week=43</ref>. In countries where nuclear is likely to remain online for a while, this kind of flexible behavior is seldom observed; for example in Ontario, with only 6% of variable renewable electricity share in 2017, the operators already had to curtail 26% of the VRE generations in order to avoid shutting or ramping down nuclear power plants<ref>http://www.ieso.ca/corporate-ieso/media/year-end-data</ref>&nbsp;(in Germany this statistic was less than 1% in 2013<ref>Germany’s Wind and Solar Deployment 1991-2015, http://www.ewi.uni-koeln.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Studien/Politik_und_Gesellschaft/2015/2015-10_Germanys_Wind_and_Solar_Deployment_1991-2015_Case_Study.pdf</ref>).&nbsp;
+The role of nuclear power plants in providing residual load flexibility is more unclear. Ramping the power output of nuclear power plants regularly tend to damage the revenues and lifespan of the plants. In countries where a clear nuclear phase out plan has been set, this is less of a problem; the nuclear fleet in Germany performed some 40% of power reduction during storms in autumn 2017<ref>https://www.energy-charts.de/power.htm?source=uranium&year=2017&week=43</ref>. In countries where nuclear is likely to remain online for a while, this kind of flexible behavior is seldom observed; for example in Ontario, with only 6% of variable renewable electricity share in 2017, the operators already had to curtail 26% of the VRE generations in order to avoid shutting or ramping down nuclear power plants<ref>http://www.ieso.ca/corporate-ieso/media/year-end-data</ref>&nbsp;(in Germany this statistic was less than 1% in 2013<ref>Germany’s Wind and Solar Deployment 1991-2015, http://www.ewi.uni-koeln.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Studien/Politik_und_Gesellschaft/2015/2015-10_Germanys_Wind_and_Solar_Deployment_1991-2015_Case_Study.pdf</ref>); in 2018, when VRE generation share rose to 7%, their curtailment rate actually decreased to 19% due to less nuclear output that year. With a regulated requirement of the minimum power output from nuclear power plants, VRE power plants in Japan also suffer from heavy curtailment rates.
 == Renewable Energy Power Plants ==
@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Grid_Integration]]

@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 = Cost-Effectiveness of Different Flexibility Resources =
-In the above sections we had mentioned many sources for providing power system flexibility. It is important to note that some measures will be more cost-effective in the early stages of energy transition, and some will only make sense in the latter stages. For example, demand side management is usually considered as the most cost-effective resource in the current power system, following the retrofitting of conventional power plants and flexibility from renewable energy sources. Mass deployment of new energy storage technologies will only be economically reasonable and necessary in the late middle stages of the energy transition, and seasonal storage technologies such as synthetic gas will be an important in the final push for 100% renewable-based energy systems. A detailed categorization of different stages of energy transition and the corresponding cost-effective flexibility resources can be found in reports such as the world energy outlook of IEA<ref>World Energy Outlook 2018, https://webstore.iea.org/world-energy-outlook-2018</ref>.
+In the above sections we had mentioned many sources for providing power system flexibility. It is important to note that some measures will be more cost-effective in the early stages of energy transition, and some will only make sense in the latter stages. For example, demand side management is usually considered as the most cost-effective resource in the current power system, following the retrofitting of conventional power plants and flexibility from renewable energy sources. Mass deployment of new energy storage technologies will only be economically reasonable and necessary in the late middle stages of the energy transition, and seasonal storage technologies such as synthetic gas will be important in the final push for 100% renewable-based energy systems. A detailed categorization of different stages of energy transition and the corresponding cost-effective flexibility resources can be found in reports such as the world energy outlook of IEA<ref>World Energy Outlook 2018, https://webstore.iea.org/world-energy-outlook-2018</ref>.
 = Further Reading =
@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Electricity]]

@@ Line 109: / Line 109: @@
 = Cost-Effectiveness of Different Flexibility Resources =
 In the above sections we had mentioned many sources for providing power system flexibility. It is important to note that some measures will be more cost-effective in the early stages of energy transition, and some will only make sense in the latter stages. For example, demand side management is usually considered as the most cost-effective resource in the current power system, following the retrofitting of conventional power plants and flexibility from renewable energy sources. Mass deployment of new energy storage technologies will only be economically reasonable and necessary in the late middle stages of the energy transition, and seasonal storage technologies such as synthetic gas will be an important in the final push for 100% renewable-based energy systems.
 = Further Reading =
@@ Line 125: / Line 126: @@
 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Grid_Integration]]