Generating Electricity from Biogas - Examples - Revision history

Ranisha: /* East Africa, Tanzania and Kenya */

2015-12-04T13:32:28Z

‎East Africa, Tanzania and Kenya

Ranisha at 13:19, 4 December 2015

2015-12-04T13:19:08Z

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Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2015-12-04T12:52:47Z

‎Further Information

Ranisha: /* Brazil */

2015-01-29T15:26:31Z

‎Brazil

Ranisha: /* East Africa, Tanzania and Kenya */

2015-01-29T15:23:49Z

‎East Africa, Tanzania and Kenya

Ranisha: /* Bangladesh */

2015-01-29T14:55:37Z

‎Bangladesh

Ranisha: /* Bangladesh */

2015-01-29T14:54:23Z

‎Bangladesh

Blunck at 23:30, 25 January 2015

2015-01-25T23:30:13Z

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Ranisha at 08:34, 23 January 2015

2015-01-23T08:34:18Z

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Ranisha: Ranisha moved page Generation Electricity from Biogas - Examples to Generating Electricity from Biogas - Examples without leaving a redirect

2015-01-22T15:30:17Z

Ranisha moved page Generation Electricity from Biogas - Examples to Generating Electricity from Biogas - Examples without leaving a redirect

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 [[#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 === East Africa, Tanzania and Kenya ===
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 '''Sisal-cum-cattle farm in Kilifi, Kenya'''<br/>
-The biogas plant with electricity generation on a sisal-cum-cattle farm in Kilifi, Kenya is usu-ally referred to as a positive example. It converts agricultural waste such as cow manure and sisal into biogas and produces electricity and heat as end products. The technology is practi-cally the same as that used in Germany. The plant design seems to be well-adapted to farm operations and has been operational since September 2007. The biogas plant in Kilifi, oper-ated by the [http://www.biopower.co.ke/About-us.html Biogas Power Company (EA) Ltd]., a joint venture of Kilifi Plantations (KE) and the German companies agriKomp GmbH and Schnell Zündstrahlmotoren AG & Co. KG, was established through a tripartite Public Private Partnership (PPP) with GTZ. According to the publications of the operating organisation, the biogas plant in Kilifi is the biggest in Kenya.<br/>
+The biogas plant with electricity generation on a sisal-cum-cattle farm in Kilifi, Kenya is usually referred to as a positive example. It converts agricultural waste such as cow manure and sisal into biogas and produces electricity and heat as end products. The technology is practi-cally the same as that used in Germany.&nbsp;
-The basic technical data of the plant are as follows:
+[[Biogas_Plant_-_Sisal_cum_Cattle_Farm_in_Kilifi,_Kenya|►Read more.....]]
 <br/>
-<br/>
+'''PSDA Project'''<br/>
+Kenya With support of the GTZ Project PSDA, installed two small biogas power plants. However electricity generation could be realised only partly:
-*750 cbm digester;<br/>
-*Inst. capacity: 150 kWel; actual production max. 90 kW, not connected to the grid;<br/>
-*4 t substrate / day: dung from 200 cattle (40%), sisal waste (60%);<br/>
-*Feedstock available for extension up to 1 MWel if excess electricity could be sold to the grid at a fair tariff;<br/>
-*El. Production cost: 0,16 EUR / kWh (for comparison: grid electricity 0,15-0,18 EUR / kWh).<br/>
-−
-<br/>
-−
-<u>Framework conditions:</u>
-−
-<br/>
-−
-*Frequent power cuts due to technical faults and low capacity<br/>
-*Companies have to install emergency backup power systems, mostly diesel (costs: 0,25-0,42 €/kWh)<br/>
-*Kenya: High and fluctuating power costs owing to pass-through of fossil fuel costs (e.g. Kilifi: 0,1575 – 0,185 €/kWh)<br/>
-*Improvement is likely owing to strong government and private sector efforts, but in the medium term, there remains the persistent risk of power cuts due to the vulnerability of hydro power to drought<br/>
-*There is currently no biogas-specific regulation in East Africa<br/>
-*Power production of biogas falls under ‘Standardised PPA‘ (TZ) or ’Feed-in Law’ (KE)<br/>
-*In Kenya, biogas is covered by ’biomass’ tariffs, which are too low.<br/>
-−
-<br/>
-−
-<u>The lessons learnt in Kilifi<ref name="Franz, 2009">Franz, 2009</ref></u>:
-−
-<br/>
-−
-*Equipment import: professional agent and close liaison with authorities for clearance of plant equipment required
-*Tariffs/grid connection: the need to liaise at a very early stage with the Energy Regu-latory Authorities to allow for structured and smooth process
-*Local capacities: the need to bring qualified staff and train local staff
-*Local manufacture: local manufacturing of pipes, wiring, and civil works should be possible and reduce costs.
-−
-<br/>
-−
-PSDA project, Kenya With support of the GTZ Project PSDA, two small biogas power plants were also installed. However electricity generation could be realised only partly:
 The original purpose of the plant in Keekonyokie was to deliver electricity for a refrigerating storage house. The storage house was built and the cooling compressor was purchased but the thermal insulation has not yet been installed. In the meantime, the gas generated from slaughterhouse waste is fed into a mini gas grid and supplied to 6 restaurants. The designated generator set consists of an adapted diesel engine for dual fuel use and a generator with 20kWel output. The estimated cost is €0.14/kWh compared to a grid price of €0.16/kWh.
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 <br/>
-‘Rottaler Modell’ Independent of GTZ activities, the company BME GmbH in Bavaria offers a '''‘High Perform-ance, Temperature Controlled (HPTC)’''' biogas plant system known as the ‘Rottaler Modell’.<br/>
+'''‘Rottaler Modell’'''<br/>
 <u>According to company communications, at least 3 of these plants have been installed in Eastern Africa, 3 are under construction and 2 are in concrete planning:</u>
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 *It has a controlled temperature of 37°C with insulation and solar heating system.<br/>
 *Due to the design, even high fibrous material can be digested and a high biogas output per m³ digester volume and day is possible.<br/>
-*The digester and a separate storage are made from plastic bags of a three layer ma-terial.<br/>
+*The digester and a separate storage are made from plastic bags of a three layer material.<br/>
 <br/>
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 <br/>
-A typical HTC plant has a 25 m³ digester bag, a 20 m³ biogas storage bag and two 4 m³ hy-drolysis units, a bio filtering system for filtering the hydrolysis gas generated in the hydrolysis unit, a desulphurisation pump and a condensation trap.
+A typical HTC plant has a 25 m³ digester bag, a 20 m³ biogas storage bag and two 4 m³ hydrolysis units, a bio filtering system for filtering the hydrolysis gas generated in the hydrolysis unit, a desulphurisation pump and a condensation trap.
 The first HPTC plants in Africa apparently used diesel engines, replacing up to 80% of the diesel with biogas. In 2009, a 10kWel generator set running only on biogas was developed by modifying a commercially available petrol generator set used on construction sites in Europe.
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 However, during discussions with different biogas experts, concerns were raised regarding this expensive model. It remains to be seen whether the higher price for these sophisticated high temperature plants can be compensated for by higher and more stable production.
-Feasibility studies in Kenya The planning and construction agency AKUT Umweltschutz in Berlin carried out some feasi-bility and concept studies for specific biogas plant projects in the agricultural sector of Kenya. All plants were designed to use as much locally available technology and expertise for con-struction as possible.
+The planning and construction agency AKUT Umweltschutz in Berlin carried out some feasibility and concept studies for specific biogas plant projects in the agricultural sector of Kenya. All plants were designed to use as much locally available technology and expertise for con-struction as possible.
 <br/>
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 [[#toc|►Go to Top]]<br/>
 === Brazil ===

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 *[[Electricity Generation from Biogas|Electricity Generation from Biogas]].
 *[[Portal:Biogas|Biogas portal on energypedia]]
-*[[Biogas Electricity Generation|Biogas Electricity Generation]]<br/>
 = Reference =
 <references />

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 === Brazil ===
 [[Brazil Energy Situation|Brazil]] is one of the countries whose biomass energy market is the most advanced. Biofuels are produced from sugar cane and hundreds of power plants use the remaining sugar cane bagasse as fuel. Most of these plants use direct combustion and have capacities far over 1 MW.
 However, a number of small and medium sized biogas power plants also exist, mostly in-stalled in agro-industrial settings. The main purpose of these plants (using the waste of a slaughterhouse or animal production facility) is sanitation and environmental protection. The second important benefit is gas and electricity production for in-house use in the companies.
 There are probably large numbers of biogas plants in farms or small industries using the gas for individual power generation, as suggested by the provision of a specific biogas motor programme by the Brazilian company Branco. It provides small motors, motor pumps and a generator set of 3.6 kW, especially for Biogas use ([http://www.branco.com.br/p_lb.htm branco.com]).<br/>
 However, hardly any electricity provision from biogas for basic public energy needs has so far been realised. A programme for the support of alternative energy resources<ref>PROFINA: http://www.mme.gov.br/programas/proinfa</ref>, designed to feed-in more biomass energy into the national grid, was already approved in Brazil back in 2002. However, implementation met with delays, and only big power plants with direct combustion of the biomass were able to benefit from the programme.<br/>
 Feed-in Agreement in Parana Since 2009, in the southern state of Parana (PR), 5 biogas power plants have become the very first small plants to feed their power into the public grid<ref name="Grope, 2009">Grope, 2009</ref>.<br/>
 These plants, with capacities of 20 – 160 kWel, won a tender to sell their electricity to the pub-lic energy provider Copel Distrubuicao SA in the southern Brazilian state of Parana. The feed-in tariff corresponds roughly to 0.05 EUR / kWh<ref name="Grope, 2009">Grope, 2009</ref>.<br/>
 This price is not high enough to guarantee the profitable operation of biogas power plants in Brazil. It is nevertheless an important step forward, as it can help make the plants more prof-itable. Only the excess electricity is sold at the fixed feed-in tariff.
-<br/>
+The GTZ Energy Programme (‘Programa Energia’), on behalf of German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development, supports the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency in Brazil and hence also the appropriate production and use of biogas. The pro-gramme aims to improve framework conditions for the sustainable use of biogas, the analysis of experience and know-how transfer between German and Brazilian partners. In October 2009, the GTZ Energy Programme entered into a partnership with the public energy utility Eletrosul, subsidiary of Eletrobras, the national electricity provider, focusing on know-how transfer in the field of biogas. Eletrosul aims to construct biogas power plants for electricity generation in the South of Brazil.

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 In the wake of these first pilot projects, expectations in Bangladesh are high. AAS estimates that a poultry farm of 5,000 birds could generate 5 kW of electricity. Selling electricity in the neighbouring areas seems to be economically viable from an output of 10 kW.
@@ Line 98: / Line 99: @@
 However, the originally planned second and third phases of plant development were never realised<ref name="Practical Action, 2009">Practical Action, 2009</ref>. This can be seen as an indicator of the plant’s potential lack of profitability and confirms the views of experts based in the region that the plant’s design seemed ill-adapted to the required sisal operations, and that its substantial operating problems were due to low quality technical components.<br/>
 '''Sisal-cum-cattle farm in Kilifi, Kenya'''<br/>
@@ Line 103: / Line 106: @@
 The biogas plant with electricity generation on a sisal-cum-cattle farm in Kilifi, Kenya is usu-ally referred to as a positive example. It converts agricultural waste such as cow manure and sisal into biogas and produces electricity and heat as end products. The technology is practi-cally the same as that used in Germany. The plant design seems to be well-adapted to farm operations and has been operational since September 2007. The biogas plant in Kilifi, oper-ated by the [http://www.biopower.co.ke/About-us.html Biogas Power Company (EA) Ltd]., a joint venture of Kilifi Plantations (KE) and the German companies agriKomp GmbH and Schnell Zündstrahlmotoren AG & Co. KG, was established through a tripartite Public Private Partnership (PPP) with GTZ. According to the publications of the operating organisation, the biogas plant in Kilifi is the biggest in Kenya.<br/>
-The basic technical data of the plant are as follows:<br/>
+The basic technical data of the plant are as follows:
 <br/>
@@ Line 113: / Line 116: @@
 *Feedstock available for extension up to 1 MWel if excess electricity could be sold to the grid at a fair tariff;<br/>
 *El. Production cost: 0,16 EUR / kWh (for comparison: grid electricity 0,15-0,18 EUR / kWh).<br/>
 <br/>
@@ Line 127: / Line 130: @@
 <br/>
-<u>The lessons learnt in Kilifi<ref name="Franz, 2009">Franz, 2009</ref></u>:<br/>
+<u>The lessons learnt in Kilifi<ref name="Franz, 2009">Franz, 2009</ref></u>:
-−
-<br/>
@@ Line 141: / Line 142: @@
 The original purpose of the plant in Keekonyokie was to deliver electricity for a refrigerating storage house. The storage house was built and the cooling compressor was purchased but the thermal insulation has not yet been installed. In the meantime, the gas generated from slaughterhouse waste is fed into a mini gas grid and supplied to 6 restaurants. The designated generator set consists of an adapted diesel engine for dual fuel use and a generator with 20kWel output. The estimated cost is €0.14/kWh compared to a grid price of €0.16/kWh.
 At the Abdul Sidis farm, vegetable residues are used as feedstock and the (off-grid) electricity generated by a 20 kWel genset is mainly used for a water pump. Estimated costs are again around €0.14/kWh compared to diesel-generated electricity at a price of €0.36/kWh. Daily savings are estimated to reach €10.
 Both plants seem to work well in technical terms.
 ‘Rottaler Modell’ Independent of GTZ activities, the company BME GmbH in Bavaria offers a '''‘High Perform-ance, Temperature Controlled (HPTC)’''' biogas plant system known as the ‘Rottaler Modell’.<br/>
-<u>According to company communications, at least 3 of these plants have been installed in Eastern Africa, 3 are under construction and 2 are in concrete planning: </u><br/>
+<u>According to company communications, at least 3 of these plants have been installed in Eastern Africa, 3 are under construction and 2 are in concrete planning:</u>
-−
-<br/>
 *In Kenya in Mombasa (2007), Murang’a, Homabay, Bungoma (8/2009);<br/>
 *Further plants are planned in Dagoretti (KE), in Kigoma, Tanzania, in Zanzibar, Uganda, Ruanda and Madagascar.<br/>
-Most of these installations were carried out in cooperation with UNIDO. • The plants of this system have a two-stage digestion system, with separate Hydrolysis and acidification methanisation; • It has a controlled temperature of 37°C with insulation and solar heating system. • Due to the design, even high fibrous material can be digested and a high biogas output per m³ digester volume and day is possible. • The digester and a separate storage are made from plastic bags of a three layer ma-terial. • Desulphurisation is achieved exclusively through the addition of a little air into the gas storage tank. Owing to the steady fermentation temperature and constant gas pro-duction and composition, this method seems to work very well.
+*Most of these installations were carried out in cooperation with UNIDO.<br/>
 A typical HTC plant has a 25 m³ digester bag, a 20 m³ biogas storage bag and two 4 m³ hy-drolysis units, a bio filtering system for filtering the hydrolysis gas generated in the hydrolysis unit, a desulphurisation pump and a condensation trap.
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 <br/>
-<u>The studies carried out between 2006 and 2009 came to the following general conclusions<ref name="Burkard, 2009">Burkard, 2009</ref>:</u><br/>
+<u>The studies carried out between 2006 and 2009 came to the following general conclusions<ref name="Burkard, 2009">Burkard, 2009</ref>:</u>
-−
-<br/>
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 Study on agro-industrial biogas potential, Kenya GTZ commissioned the DBFZ (Deutsches Biomasse Forschungs Zentrum) to undertake a study on ‘Agro industrial Biogas in Kenya’<ref name="GTZ, 2010">GTZ, 2010</ref> examining the theoretical potential of 13 types of biomass from agro-industrial businesses in Kenya to municipal waste in Nairobi. The report concludes that the potential electric capacity of generated biogas is high. Biogas from all examined subsectors could cover up to 16% of the total Kenyan electricity production as of 2007/08.<br/>
 Municipal solid waste, sisal and coffee production are the most promising sectors with the greatest potential. However, specific electricity production costs for small plants (50kWel) range between 0.11 and 0.29 US$/kWh. A basic feed-in tariff for small plants of about 0.20 US$/kWh was therefore proposed, but the implementation of such a prohibitively high tariff seems unrealistic. It seems probable that only bigger plants with a profitability at a lower tariff of around 0.15 US$ will be able to take advantage of this.
 Based on the ‘hard facts’ of this study’s recommendations, follow-up is currently taking place under the PDP, focusing on targeted advice and cooperation with policymakers and investors on the tariff framework.

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 === Bangladesh ===
 More than 25,000 biogas plants have been set up in [[Bangladesh Energy Situation|Bangladesh]]. However, most of them are family-sized and used only for cooking burners. Over 2,000 of these biogas plants have been constructed on poultry farms. In such cases, the main purpose of the plants is not only the generation of gas; the plants are also necessary owing to the bad odour caused by poultry droppings and for other environmental reasons.
 <u>Feasibility studies A feasibility study (GTZ-PURE, 2005) with financial analyses of plants with 100–50,000 birds came to the following conclusions:</u><br/>
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 AAS poultry farm The Advance Animal Science Co. Ltd. (AAS), a dairy and poultry farm in Kashimpur of Ga-zipur district, supported by GTZ, has an electricity grid connection but also generates power from biogas using cow dung and chicken droppings as feedstock. In order to generate power, the biogas is passed through a traditional gas generator set with minor modifications.
-Only one-third of the plant’s capacity is used for electricity generation. According to press reports ([http://bangladesheconomy.wordpress.com/2009/04/20/poultry-farm-sets-unique-example/ bangladesheconomy.wordpress.com]), this electricity co-generating unit is rendered profitable by the savings involved in reducing the electricity bill. The financial contribution of the by-products, such as bio-fertiliser and the gas provided to some cooking burners in the neighbourhood, is obviously consider-able.<br/>
+Only one-third of the plant’s capacity is used for electricity generation. According to press reports ([http://bangladesheconomy.wordpress.com/2009/04/20/poultry-farm-sets-unique-example/ bangladesheconomy.wordpress.com]), this electricity co-generating unit is rendered profitable by the savings involved in reducing the electricity bill. The financial contribution of the by-products, such as bio-fertiliser and the gas provided to some cooking burners in the neighbourhood, is obviously consider-able.
 <u>From a financial perspective, certain additional effects are not easily measurable: </u><br/>

@@ Line 68: / Line 68: @@
 <u>Feasibility studies A feasibility study (GTZ-PURE, 2005) with financial analyses of plants with 100–50,000 birds came to the following conclusions:</u><br/>
 *Larger farms may opt for electricity production, but selling gas is more profitable<br/>
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 <u>From a financial perspective, certain additional effects are not easily measurable: </u><br/>
 *Enhancement of environmental security in the farm area and the removal of bad smells.<br/>
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 This Advance Animal Co. biogas power plant is the second of its kind, following one from a similar pilot project in Faridpur started two years earlier.
-In the wake of these first pilot projects, expectations in Bangladesh are high. AAS estimates that a poultry farm of 5,000 birds could generate 5 kW of electricity. Selling electricity in the neighbouring areas seems to be economically viable from an output of 10 kW.<br/>
+In the wake of these first pilot projects, expectations in Bangladesh are high. AAS estimates that a poultry farm of 5,000 birds could generate 5 kW of electricity. Selling electricity in the neighbouring areas seems to be economically viable from an output of 10 kW.
-−
-<br/>
-−
-<br/>