Hydro Power Basics - Revision history

Robert at 12:37, 20 April 2021

2021-04-20T12:37:30Z

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Ahmed El-Sherbini at 12:13, 21 September 2018

2018-09-21T12:13:33Z

Johanna von Behaim: /* By Facility Type */

2017-03-12T22:56:27Z

‎By Facility Type

Johanna von Behaim at 22:54, 12 March 2017

2017-03-12T22:54:36Z

Kira Kahmann at 16:13, 1 December 2015

2015-12-01T16:13:51Z

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Tim: /* By Facility Type */

2015-11-10T19:30:37Z

‎By Facility Type

Tim: /* By Facility Type */

2015-11-10T19:23:58Z

‎By Facility Type

Tim: /* By Facility Type */

2015-11-10T19:14:42Z

‎By Facility Type

Lisafeldmann at 11:52, 10 November 2015

2015-11-10T11:52:38Z

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Lisafeldmann at 09:22, 8 April 2015

2015-04-08T09:22:46Z

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@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 <br/>
 = Principle of Hydro Power =
@@ Line 97: / Line 99: @@
 </ul>
 </ul>
 &lt;/ul&gt;
@@ Line 228: / Line 234: @@
 <br/>
 == By Facility Type<br/> ==
@@ Line 272: / Line 273: @@
 *The generating stations are located at the dam toe or further downstream, connected to the reservoir through tunnels or pipelines
 *Type and design of reservoirs are decided by the landscape and in many parts of the world are inundated river valleys where the reservoir is an artificial lake
-*Reservoir hydropower plants can have major environmental and social impacts due to the&nbsp;[[Using_Hydro_Power_Plants_for_Flood_Prevention|flooding of land for the reservoir]]<br/>
+*Reservoir hydropower plants can have major environmental and social impacts due to the&nbsp;[[Using Hydro Power Plants for Flood Prevention|flooding of land for the reservoir]]<br/>
 |}
@@ Line 308: / Line 309: @@
 <br/>
 = Facts on Hydro Power =
@@ Line 613: / Line 613: @@
 *[http://microhydropower.net/ Micro Hydropower]
 *[http://practicalaction.org/hydro-power-answers Practical Action: Hydro Power Answers]
-*[[Using_Hydro_Power_Plants_for_Flood_Prevention|Using Hydro Power Plants for Flood Prevention]]
+*[[Using Hydro Power Plants for Flood Prevention|Using Hydro Power Plants for Flood Prevention]]
 *For more links on MHP, click [[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Further Links|here]].
 <br/>

@@ Line 232: / Line 232: @@
 <br/>
 == By Facility Type<br/> ==
@@ Line 271: / Line 272: @@
 *The generating stations are located at the dam toe or further downstream, connected to the reservoir through tunnels or pipelines
 *Type and design of reservoirs are decided by the landscape and in many parts of the world are inundated river valleys where the reservoir is an artificial lake
-*Reservoir hydropower plants can have major environmental and social impacts due to the flooding of land for the reservoir<br/>
+*Reservoir hydropower plants can have major environmental and social impacts due to the&nbsp;[[Using_Hydro_Power_Plants_for_Flood_Prevention|flooding of land for the reservoir]]<br/>
 |}
@@ Line 307: / Line 308: @@
 <br/>
 = Facts on Hydro Power =

@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 </ul>
 </ul>
 &lt;/ul&gt;
@@ Line 609: / Line 611: @@
 *[http://microhydropower.net/ Micro Hydropower]
 *[http://practicalaction.org/hydro-power-answers Practical Action: Hydro Power Answers]
 *For more links on MHP, click [[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) - Further Links|here]].
@@ Line 619: / Line 622: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Large_Hydro]]

@@ Line 224: / Line 224: @@
 <br/>
@@ Line 240: / Line 241: @@
 {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="left" style="width: 100%"
 |-
-| style="width: 248px" | [[File:Run-of-River Hydropower Plant.JPG|thumb|left|227x199px|Run-of-River Hydropower Plant]]<br/>
+| style="width: 248px" | [[File:Run-of-River Hydropower Plant.JPG|thumb|left|x199px|Run-of-River Hydropower Plant]]<br/>
 | style="width: 407px" |
 *RoR plant produce energy from the available flow and the natural elevation drop of a river<br/>
@@ Line 273: / Line 274: @@
 {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" style="width: 100%"
 |-
-| [[File:Pump Storage Project.JPG|thumb|left|226x188px|Pump Storage Project.JPG]]
+| [[File:Pump Storage Project.JPG|thumb|left|x188px|Pump Storage Project.JPG]]
+|
 *Pumped storage plants are not energy sources, instead they are storage devices
@@ Line 287: / Line 288: @@
 |-
 | style="width: 206px" |
-====== [[File:In-stream Hydropower Scheme.PNG|thumb|left|232x134px|n-storgare hydropower scheme]]non typical installation of an in-stream HPP ======
+[[File:In-stream Hydropower Scheme.PNG|thumb|left|x134px|n-storgare hydropower scheme]]non typical installation of an in-stream HPP
 | style="width: 547px" |

@@ Line 224: / Line 224: @@
 <br/>
@@ Line 239: / Line 240: @@
 {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="left" style="width: 100%"
 |-
-| style="width: 223px" | [[File:Run-of-River Hydropower Plant.JPG|thumb|left|209px|Run-of-River Hydropower Plant]]<br/>
+| style="width: 248px" | [[File:Run-of-River Hydropower Plant.JPG|thumb|left|227x199px|Run-of-River Hydropower Plant]]<br/>
-| style="width: 543px" |
+| style="width: 407px" |
 *RoR plant produce energy from the available flow and the natural elevation drop of a river<br/>
 *It is suitable for rivers that have at least a minimum flow all year round.<br/>
@@ Line 272: / Line 273: @@
 {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" style="width: 100%"
 |-
-| [[File:Pump Storage Project.JPG|thumb|left|212px|Pump Storage Project.JPG]]
+| [[File:Pump Storage Project.JPG|thumb|left|226x188px|Pump Storage Project.JPG]]
+|
 *Pumped storage plants are not energy sources, instead they are storage devices
@@ Line 286: / Line 287: @@
 |-
 | style="width: 206px" |
-====== [[File:In-stream Hydropower Scheme.PNG|thumb|left|212px|n-storgare hydropower scheme]]non typical installation of an in-stream HPP ======
+====== [[File:In-stream Hydropower Scheme.PNG|thumb|left|232x134px|n-storgare hydropower scheme]]non typical installation of an in-stream HPP ======
 | style="width: 547px" |

@@ Line 224: / Line 224: @@
 <br/>
 == By Facility Type<br/> ==
@@ Line 229: / Line 230: @@
 <u>Hydropower plants can be classified in three categories according to operation and type of flow:</u><ref name="http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report - Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1075 pp.">http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report - Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1075 pp.</ref>
-#'''Run-of-river (RoR),'''<br/>
+#'''Run-of-river (RoR), '''<br/>Small and micro hydropower utilizes water that runs of a river and avoids big environmental impacts.
 #'''Storage (reservoir)'''
-#'''Pumped storage hydro power plants (HPPs)'''<br/>
+#'''Pumped storage hydro power plants (HPPs)''' work as energy buffer and do not produce net energy.
-In addition, there is a fourth category called in-stream technology, which is a young and less-developed technology.<br/>
+<br/>'''<u>'Run-of-River Hydropower' Plant (RoR)</u>'''<ref name="http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report - Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1075 pp.">http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report - Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1075 pp.</ref>
-−
-<br/>
-−
-Storage HPPs require high dams and big storage areas to be flooded. Such is usually the case in big infrastructure projects including the known environmental impacts. Small and micro hydropower usually avoids those but utilizes water that runs of a river.<br/>
-−
-Pumped storage HPPs work as energy buffer and do not produce net energy.
-−
-<br/>
-−
 '''<u>'Run-of-River Hydropower' Plant (RoR)</u>'''<ref name="http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report - Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1075 pp.">http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report - Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1075 pp.</ref>
 {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" align="left" style="width: 100%"
@@ Line 249: / Line 241: @@
 | style="width: 223px" | [[File:Run-of-River Hydropower Plant.JPG|thumb|left|209px|Run-of-River Hydropower Plant]]<br/>
 | style="width: 543px" |
-*RoR plant mainly produce energy from the available flow of the river, taking advantage of the natural elevation drop of a river<br/>
+*RoR plant produce energy from the available flow and the natural elevation drop of a river<br/>
-*It is suitable for streams or rivers that have a minimum flow all year round or those that are regulated by a larger dam and reservoir upstream<br/>
+*It is suitable for rivers that have at least a minimum flow all year round.<br/>
-*Water is diverted into a penstock and channeled to the turbine and then returned to the river<br/>
+*The water to powers th turbine is diverted and channeled into a penstock and then returned to the river
-*RoR plants have either no storage or short-term storage, allowing for some adaptations to the demand profile
+*RoR plants usually have no or only small storage, allowing for some adaptations to the demand profile.
-*Such reservoirs are usually smaller than those of reservoir hydro power plants but nevertheless dams can be ten to twenty meters high and can have gates to allow for water storage
+*As bigger the storage capacity is as higher the environmental impacts are
 *Power generation is dictated by local river flow conditions and thus depends on precipitation and runoff and may have substantial daily, monthly or seasonal variations
 |}
@@ Line 261: / Line 252: @@
 <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
-<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
+<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
-−
 <br/>
 <u>'''Hydropower Plant with Reservoir'''</u><ref name="http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report - Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1075 pp.">http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report - Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, K. Seyboth, P. Matschoss, S. Kadner, T. Zwickel, P. Eickemeier, G. Hansen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1075 pp.</ref>
@@ Line 269: / Line 258: @@
 {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" style="width: 100%"
 |-
-| [[File:Hydropower Plant with Reservoir.JPG|thumb|left|215px|Hydropower Plant with reservoir]]
+| style="width: 222px" | [[File:Hydropower Plant with Reservoir.JPG|thumb|left|x159px|Hydropower Plant with reservoir]]
+| style="width: 433px" |
 *Hydropower projects with a reservoir (storage hydropower) store water behind a dam for times when river flow is low<br/>
 *<span style="line-height: 1.5em">Therefore power generation is more stable and less variable than for RoR plants</span>
 *The generating stations are located at the dam toe or further downstream, connected to the reservoir through tunnels or pipelines
 *Type and design of reservoirs are decided by the landscape and in many parts of the world are inundated river valleys where the reservoir is an artificial lake
 *Reservoir hydropower plants can have major environmental and social impacts due to the flooding of land for the reservoir<br/>
@@ Line 297: / Line 285: @@
 {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" style="width: 100%"
 |-
-| style="width: 206px" | [[File:In-stream Hydropower Scheme.PNG|thumb|left|212px|n-storgare hydropower scheme]]
+| style="width: 206px" |
 | style="width: 547px" |
-*To optimize existing facilities like weirs, barrages, canals or falls, small turbines or hydrokinetic turbines can be installed
+*Basically in-stream Hydropower functions like a RoR scheme, but the turbine is mostly built within the dam in the riverbed. Usually the river flow is not diverted.
-*Usually the turbine is mounted on the river bottom, an existing river structure or on a floating structure
+*To optimize existing&nbsp; weirs, barrages, canals or falls, small turbines or hydrokinetic turbines can be installed
-*These low-impact turbines act much like an underwater turbine and use the river current for power generation
+*At rivers close to the sea the technologies may operate bi-directional (tidal)
-*Basically they function like a RoR scheme
-*The technologies may operate in unidirectional or bi-directional (tidal) river flows and do not divert river flow or use dams to retain water or create an artificial head
-*As a new technology, in-stream HP is still relatively expensive as compared to other renewable alternatives and requires further study concerning potential environmental impacts and maintenance concerns
 |}
-<br/>
+► Text and Figures of this chapter are originally mainly taken from the Chapter 5 of the [http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (2011)].
-−
 ► Text and Figures of this chapter are mainly taken from the Chapter 5 of the [http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (2011)].
 [[Hydro Power Basics#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Facts on Hydro Power =