Impact of Energy Access on Enterprises - Revision history

Johanna at 16:59, 13 November 2018

2018-11-13T16:59:57Z

Johanna at 16:57, 13 November 2018

2018-11-13T16:57:25Z

Johanna at 16:55, 13 November 2018

2018-11-13T16:55:25Z

Joanna Walther: /* Conclusion */

2018-06-13T10:16:12Z

‎Conclusion

Joanna Walther: /* Conclusion */

2018-06-13T10:05:59Z

‎Conclusion

Joanna Walther: /* Further information */

2018-06-13T10:02:55Z

‎Further information

Joanna Walther: /* Conclusion */

2018-06-13T09:53:34Z

‎Conclusion

Joanna Walther: /* Further information */

2018-06-13T09:51:51Z

‎Further information

Joanna Walther: /* Home businesses */

2018-06-13T09:43:04Z

‎Home businesses

Joanna Walther: /* Micro enterprises */

2018-06-13T09:42:09Z

‎Micro enterprises

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 = Conclusion =
 Regarding microenterprises the significant criteria implying a positive impact of energy access is if electrical appliances are a requirement in this sector and how strong the local demand is. If there is no need for electrical appliances electrification does not have a meaningful impact on the productivity of this specific sector. Also, as long as the demand remains the same, additional working hours and increased output are pointless.
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 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Rural_Electrification]]

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 <br/>
-= Summary: Scientific findings on the impact of electricity<ref>Source: Based on  Carsten Hellpap, 2018: How to promote productive use of solar power in rural Africa?, http://www.energy-access-conferences.com/17286/section/13892/international-conference-on-solar-technologies-and-hybrid-mini-grids-to-improve-energy-access.html. andhttps://english.iob-evaluatie.nl/publications/reports/2013/03/01/376---iob-study-renewable-energy-access-and-impact.-a-systematic-literature-review-kopie</ref> =
+= Summary: Scientific findings on the impact of electricity<ref>Source: Based on Carsten Hellpap, 2018: How to promote productive use of solar power in rural Africa?, http://www.energy-access-conferences.com/17286/section/13892/international-conference-on-solar-technologies-and-hybrid-mini-grids-to-improve-energy-access.html. and https://english.iob-evaluatie.nl/publications/reports/2013/03/01/376---iob-study-renewable-energy-access-and-impact.-a-systematic-literature-review-kopie</ref> =
 Expenditures:
 *Shift from kerosene, paraffin, candles, dry cell batteries to PV electricity → reduction in expenditure for lighting (often in the range of 10%).
 *Electricity enables households to use new appliances → increased energy consumption and increased household expenditures (between 20 and 50%)
 Use for productive purposes in small enterprises and businesses
 *Conflicting results: in some cases economic growth/additional income as a result of access to electricity. Other studies did not find such effects, even when villages were connected to the grid.
 Observations
 *Existing enterprises invest in electricity and appliances, but often do not achieve higher profits.
 *Income and employment generation by newly established firms, highly dependent on electricity for their operations
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 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Energy_Access]]

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 <br/>
 == Home businesses ==
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 <br/>
 == Micro enterprises ==
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 Consequently, a boost in income levels of 20-70% depending on the product manufactured was observed (Kirubi et al., 2009). <ref name="Kirubi, C., Jacobson, A., Kammen, D.M., Mills, A., 2009. Community-Based Electric Micro-Grids Can Contribute to Rural Development: Evidence from Kenya. World Dev. 37, 1208–1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.11.005">Kirubi, C., Jacobson, A., Kammen, D.M., Mills, A., 2009. Community-Based Electric Micro-Grids Can Contribute to Rural Development: Evidence from Kenya. World Dev. 37, 1208–1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.11.005</ref>Yet, the small sample size of 5 and 12 artisans makes the findings questionable.
-Mobile phone charging is also a common productive use of electricity. This service can be offered in small shops or even specific phone charging kiosks (Collings, 2011).<ref name="Collings, S., 2011. Phone Charging Micro-businesses in Tanzania and Uganda. GVEP Int. de Gouvello, C., Durix, L., 2008. Maximizing the Productive Uses of Electricity to Increase the Impact of Rural Electrifi cation Programs. ESMAP.">Collings, S., 2011. Phone Charging Micro-businesses in Tanzania and Uganda. GVEP Int.
+Mobile phone charging is also a common productive use of electricity. This service can be offered in small shops or even specific phone charging kiosks (Collings, 2011).<ref name="Collings, S., 2011. Phone Charging Micro-businesses in Tanzania and Uganda. GVEP Int. de Gouvello, C., Durix, L., 2008. Maximizing the Productive Uses of Electricity to Increase the Impact of Rural Electrifi cation Programs. ESMAP.">Collings, S., 2011. Phone Charging Micro-businesses in Tanzania and Uganda. GVEP Int.fckLRde Gouvello, C., Durix, L., 2008. Maximizing the Productive Uses of Electricity to Increase the Impact of Rural Electrifi cation Programs. ESMAP.fckLR</ref>
-de Gouvello, C., Durix, L., 2008. Maximizing the Productive Uses of Electricity to Increase the Impact of Rural Electrifi cation Programs. ESMAP.
 </ref>
 A study carried out in Tanzania observed that the surveyed beer brewing microenterprises used electricity merely for lighting and playing the radio. The actual brewing process was still completed with biomass since the entrepreneurs were dreaded the high bills at the end of the month (Maleko, 2005).<ref name="Maleko, G.C., 2005. IMPACT OF ELECTRICITY SERVICES ON MICROENTERPRISE IN RURAL AREAS IN TANZANIA. Dep. ENERGY Sustain. Dev. Univ. TWENTE ENSCHEDE.">Maleko, G.C., 2005. IMPACT OF ELECTRICITY SERVICES ON MICROENTERPRISE IN RURAL AREAS IN TANZANIA. Dep. ENERGY Sustain. Dev. Univ. TWENTE ENSCHEDE.</ref> Thus, not all entrepreneurs are actually able to benefit fully from energy access due to lack of affordability.
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-== Enabling environment ==
+== Enabling environment: banks, telecommunications ==
 Access to energy also impacts the local banking and communication services as a study in Kenya showed. The local bank and several private shops were found using electronic equipment (e.g. computers, printers, and photocopiers), hence improving the enabling environment for business service delivery (Kirubi et al., 2009).<ref name="Kirubi, C., Jacobson, A., Kammen, D.M., Mills, A., 2009. Community-Based Electric Micro-Grids Can Contribute to Rural Development: Evidence from Kenya. World Dev. 37, 1208–1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.11.005">Kirubi, C., Jacobson, A., Kammen, D.M., Mills, A., 2009. Community-Based Electric Micro-Grids Can Contribute to Rural Development: Evidence from Kenya. World Dev. 37, 1208–1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.11.005</ref>
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 <br/>
-<br/>
+= Summary: Scientific findings on the impact of electricity<ref>Source: Based on  Carsten Hellpap, 2018: How to promote productive use of solar power in rural Africa?, http://www.energy-access-conferences.com/17286/section/13892/international-conference-on-solar-technologies-and-hybrid-mini-grids-to-improve-energy-access.html. andhttps://english.iob-evaluatie.nl/publications/reports/2013/03/01/376---iob-study-renewable-energy-access-and-impact.-a-systematic-literature-review-kopie</ref> =
-<br/>
+Expenditures:
-<br/>
+*Shift from kerosene, paraffin, candles, dry cell batteries to PV electricity → reduction in expenditure for lighting (often in the range of 10%).
-<br/>
+Use for productive purposes in small enterprises and businesses
 = Conclusion =
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+|
-*[[Baking_with_Improved_Ovens|Baking with Improved Ovens]]<br/>
+*[[Baking with Improved Ovens|Baking with Improved Ovens]]<br/>
-*[[Indicator_Rural_Electrification_and_Stoves#Beneficiaries:_Productive_Stove_Users_.28PU.29_-_Restaurants.2C_Beer_Breweries.2C_Bakeries|Productive Stove Users: Restaurants, Beer Breweries, Bakeries]]<br/>
+*[[Indicator Rural Electrification and Stoves#Beneficiaries: Productive Stove Users .28PU.29 - Restaurants.2C Beer Breweries.2C Bakeries|Productive Stove Users: Restaurants, Beer Breweries, Bakeries]]<br/>
 |-
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 = Further information =
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 *[https://practicalaction.org/utilising Utilising Electricity Access for Poverty Reduction]<br/>
 *[[Mini-grid Webinar Series|Webinar Case Study from Indonesia, Myanmar and Nepal]]<br/>
-*[[Energy_for_Agriculture|Energy for Agriculture]]<br/>
+*[[Energy for Agriculture|Energy for Agriculture]]<br/>
-*[[Energy_Needs_in_Smallholder_Agriculture|Energy Needs in Smallholder Agriculture]]<br/>
+*[[Energy Needs in Smallholder Agriculture|Energy Needs in Smallholder Agriculture]]<br/>
-*[[File:EUEI_PDF_ProductiveUseElectricityManual.pdf|EUEI PDF: Productive Use Manual for Electrification Practitioners]]<br/>
+*[[File:EUEI PDF ProductiveUseElectricityManual.pdf|180px|EUEI PDF: Productive Use Manual for Electrification Practitioners|alt=EUEI PDF: Productive Use Manual for Electrification Practitioners]]<br/>
 <br/>
 = References =
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 <references /><br/>
 [[Category:Rural_Electrification]]

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 <br/>
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 *Bakeries
 | <br/>
 |-
 | Type of businesses that are not impacted by energy access<br/>

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 <br/>
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 *[[Sheabutter Processing|Sheabutter Processing]]<br/>
 *[[Implementing a Productive Use Grant Scheme in Uganda|Implementing a Productive Use Grant Scheme in Uganda]]<br/>
-*[[Solar_Milk_Cooling|Solar Milk Cooling]]<br/>
+*[[Solar Milk Cooling|Solar Milk Cooling]]<br/>
 |-
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 == Home businesses ==
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 Similar findings were made on the Philippines where home businesses that used electricity directly in their businesses accumulated up to four more working hours per day in comparison to households that did not have access to electricity.&nbsp;Further it was found that a quarter (25%) of electrified households run a home business as opposed to only 14.8% of non-electrified households. This may imply that households with electricity access were more likely to run a business at home (ESMAP, 2002).<ref name="ESMAP, 2002. Rural Electrification and Development in the Philippines: Measuring the Social and Economic Benefits. ESMAP Rep., Report 255/02.">ESMAP, 2002. Rural Electrification and Development in the Philippines: Measuring the Social and Economic Benefits. ESMAP Rep., Report 255/02.</ref>
-<br/>
+A common home business emerging with availability of electricity is mobile phone charging (Karugu and Kimani, n.d.).<ref name="Karugu, W.N., Kimani, D.W., n.d. ToughStuff East Africa: Affordable Quality Solar Alternatives for Low Income Consumers in Kenya. UNDP.">Karugu, W.N., Kimani, D.W., n.d. ToughStuff East Africa: Affordable Quality Solar Alternatives for Low Income Consumers in Kenya. UNDP.</ref>
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