Nicaragua Energy Situation - Revision history

Katharina Telfser: /* Further Information */

2020-09-11T14:02:06Z

‎Further Information

Johanna at 09:58, 22 January 2019

2019-01-22T09:58:06Z

Ranisha at 21:10, 10 July 2018

2018-07-10T21:10:42Z

Ranisha at 16:38, 9 December 2015

2015-12-09T16:38:54Z

Ranisha at 12:48, 8 January 2015

2015-01-08T12:48:23Z

Ranisha at 12:47, 8 January 2015

2015-01-08T12:47:39Z

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2014-10-02T08:43:11Z

‎Further Information

Ranisha at 08:42, 2 October 2014

2014-10-02T08:42:12Z

Ranisha at 12:31, 22 September 2014

2014-09-22T12:31:11Z

Ranisha at 13:17, 19 September 2014

2014-09-19T13:17:32Z

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 = Further Information =
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 *The website of CNDC (Centro Nacional de Despacho de Carga, national electricity dispatch centre) has daily updated information on electricity generation and consumption: [http://www.cndc.org.ni http://www.cndc.org.ni]
 *[[EnDev-Nicaragua|EnDev-Nicaragua]]
 [[Nicaragua Energy Situation#toc|►Go To Top]]
 = References =

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 {{CES Country
 |CES Country Name=Nicaragua
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 |CES Country Region Latin America=Latin America
 |CES Country Coordinates=13.0000° N, 85.0000° W
-}}
+}}<br/>
 = Introduction =
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 Gross electricity generation of the SIN (national interconnected grid) and isolated power stations registered is in 2010 was around 3,450 GWh. These are produced by the following types of power plants<ref name="INE,generacion bruta">INE.2010.Estadisticas del sector electrico:generación bruta por tipo de generación. Instituto Nicaraguense de Energía. Acceso online http://www.ine.gob.ni (Oct,2010)</ref>:
 *79.5% petrol power plants
 *8.6% hydropower
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 <u>Among these projects are <ref name="MEM,rural">MEM.2010. Proyectos de electrificación rural en ejecución. Acceso online: http://www.mem.gob.ni (Oct, 2010)</ref>:</u>
 *Development of small scale hydropower plants for '''productive use off-grid (PCH)'''. The program's goal is to develop mini and small hydropower plants in rural areas with highly productive potential. The electricity usage will be targeted for residential and productive activities. The program aims to benefit dwellings located in communities out of the concession zone. The program cost 18.23 million USD, of which approximately 80% of funds come from external funding.
 *Rural electrification treasury funds. The project is implemented with funds from the Nicaraguan government, provides electrification to 42 communities in nine departments (approx. 11.508 inhabitants), also include a further construction of 94.8 km of distribution networks.
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 *PLANER (2004-2013), funding for the development of the national electricity industry (FODIEN) includes the extension project funded by EnDev network, the project finances the construction of 12.5 km of distribution network and rural electrification in 8 communities with an estimated target population is 3.468 people.
 *Recently, some rural electrification projects have been approved, such as project to enable hydroelectric plants (23 USD million, loan BCIE) and a rural electrification project finance by IDB (30 USD million).
-*The “National Plan of Sustainable Electrification and Renewable Energy” – PNSER” is intended to electrify more than 3,666 communities by extending the distribution network, legalizing connections in formerly established neighborhoods and constructing new networks throughout the country. This plan contemplates an investment of 381 million US$ during the next four years. BID is expected to contribute 75.5 million US$, BCIE approx. 75 million US$ and others to co finance the program as the European Investment Bank (BEI), the Agency of International Cooperation of Japan (JICA), the Bank of Imports and Exports of Korea (KEXIM), the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for Development (AECID), and the World Bank (BM)
+*The “National Plan of Sustainable Electrification and Renewable Energy” – PNSER” is intended to electrify more than 3,666 communities by extending the distribution network, legalizing connections in formerly established neighborhoods and constructing new networks throughout the country. This plan contemplates an investment of 381 million US$ during the next four years. BID is expected to contribute 75.5 million US$, BCIE approx. 75 million US$ and others to co finance the program as the European Investment Bank (BEI), the Agency of International Cooperation of Japan (JICA), the Bank of Imports and Exports of Korea (KEXIM), the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for Development (AECID), and the World Bank (BM).
 [[Nicaragua Energy Situation#toc|►Go To Top]]
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 <u>Several factors handicap rural electrification in Nicaragua, among of which are:</u>
 #''Insufficient financial resources for investments in grid extension and installation of minigrids''. Unión Fenosa is not interested in grid extension into rural areas, as the profitability of the investment is considered low. The same refers for establishing mini grids in rural areas. Private companies generally do not invest in this sector as cost of providing access are high due to remoteness of the sites, dispersed nature of the populations and difficulty of the terrain. Local communities do not dispose of sufficient proper financial resources to make infrastructure investments in their community. Consequently, only the central government and NGOs are left for this kind of investment. NGOs are specialized on small systems whereas the MEM is involved in middle size systems. However, both depend to large degree from international donations to be able to carry out mayor investment in rural electrification. In the case of MEM less than 30% of the calculated costs of the national rural electrification plan are currently covered by international grants and loans.
 #''Lack of skills in operating small power generating plants and mini grids.'' Although there are several examples where micro and mini hydropower plants are managed successfully in rural areas in Nicaragua, the number of sufficiently qualified persons is low. This refers to technical skills necessary to maintain and repair the system as well as to management skills regarding appropriate tariff-setting and operation of the plant.
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 <u>'''Projects implementing NGOs: '''Nicaragua has a well developed NGO sector with several organisations working in the field of energy. The most important are:</u>
 *'''APRODELBO''' Asociación de Pro-Desarrollo del Servicio Eléctrico Bocay (APRODELBO) operates a hydropower plant of 230 kW and the mini grid in the department Jinotega.
 *'''ATDER-BL''' La Asociación de Trabajadores de Desarrollo Rural - Benjamín Linder, ATDER-BL, has carried out several energy projects in several communities in the centre and north of Nicaragua. ATDER-BL's energy activities are mainly focused on hydropower and include: feasibility studies, research, construction of equipment, administration and training of local groups in the operation of the constructed infrastructure.
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 <u>The key primary and secondary laws and regulations for the power sector are:</u>
 *'''“Electricity Industry Law” '''(Ley de la Industria Eléctrica) (No 272-1998) and “Electricity Industry Law Regulation” (Decree No. 42-1998). This law defines actors, their role and responsibilities on energy sector, also determine the activities that can be develop on energy sector such as generation, transmission, distribution, marketing, importation and exportation; and establishes the conditions to do it.
 *'''“Renewable energy promotion law” '''(Ley para la Promoción de Generación Eléctrica con Fuentes Renovables) (No. 532-2005), declares that renewable energy based power generation is of national interest. Additionally, it establishes economic incentives and priority rights when contracting new RE generation. The law established the following incentives for all equipment and materials necessary to establish power generation with renewable energies: i) exoneration of import taxes, value added tax , income tax for seven years for the operation of renewable energypower plants and all local taxes as well as other taxes; and ii) obligation of utilities to buy power generated from renewable energy plants.
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 *The website of CNDC (Centro Nacional de Despacho de Carga, national electricity dispatch centre) has daily updated information on electricity generation and consumption: [http://www.cndc.org.ni http://www.cndc.org.ni]
-*[https://energypedia.info/EnDev-Nicaragua EnDev-Nicaragua]
+*[[EnDev-Nicaragua|EnDev-Nicaragua]]
 [[Nicaragua Energy Situation#toc|►Go To Top]]
 = References =
-[[Category:Nicaragua]]
+<references /> [[Nicaragua Energy Situation#toc|►Go To Top]]
 [[Category:Latin_America]]

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 |CES Country Name=Nicaragua
 |CES Country Capital=Managua
-|CES Country Region=Latin America & Caribbean
+|CES Country Region Latin America=Latin America
 |CES Country Coordinates=13.0000° N, 85.0000° W
 }}
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 [[Category:Nicaragua]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:38, 9 December 2015
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-</div>
 = Institutional Set-up and Actors in the Energy Sector =
-<span class="mw-customtoggle-InstitutionalSet-upandActorsintheEnergySector" style="font-size:small; font-weight: bold; display:inline-block; float:right; color: blue;"><span class="mw-customtoggletext">[Show/hide]</span></span>
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 == Public Institutions ==
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 = Energy Situation =
 Residential energy consumption is around 47.6% of the total energy consumption<ref name="Rep. Nicaragua, 2008">Republica de Nicaragua.2008.Informe público de las políticas y regulaciones relativas a los servicios de energía, alivio de la pobreza y promoción de recursos renovables en las municipalidades de Nicaragua. s.l. 27 p.</ref>, of which 94.4% are provided by fuel wood.
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-</div>
 = Electricity Situation =
 Nicaragua's power sector underwent a deep restructuring during 1998-99, when the generation, transmission and distribution divisions of the state-owned '''Empresa Nicaraguense de Electricidad (ENEL)''' were unbundled, and the privatization of the generation and distribution activities allowed. A wholesale market was created, which allowed electricity trading through long term contracts between generating companies and utilities or large users (more than 2 MW of installed capacity). A spot market also exists.<br/>Four generation companies (GEMOSA, GEOSA, HIDROGESA, and GECSA) a transmission company ENTRESA and two distribution companies (DISNORTE and DISSUR) were created. Two generation companies were sold and are now privately operated; the transmission is expected to remain public and the two utilities were sold to the Spanish company Unión Fenosa in September 2000, with a concession that covers the Western, Central and Northern zones of the country. The eastern part of the country along the Atlantic Coast remains in the responsibility of ENEL which manages some mini-grids at the Atlantic coastline.<ref name="MEM,agentes">MEM.2010. Agentes productores conectados al sistema interconectado del mercado electrico nacional. Direccion de mercado eléctrico, Ministerio de Energia y minas. Acceso online: http://www.mem.gob.ni</ref>
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-</div>
 = Key Problems Hampering Access to Modern Energy Services in Rural Areas =
 == Obstacles for Grid-based Rural Electrification ==
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-</div>
 = Policy Framework =
 == Political goals for rural electrification ==
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-</div>
 = Further Information =
 *The website of CNDC (Centro Nacional de Despacho de Carga, national electricity dispatch centre) has daily updated information on electricity generation and consumption: [http://www.cndc.org.ni http://www.cndc.org.ni]
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 = References =
 <references />
 [[Nicaragua Energy Situation#toc|►Go To Top]]
 [[Category:Nicaragua]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:31, 22 September 2014
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−	~~[[Category:Country_Energy_Situation]]~~
	[[Category:CES_Country]]		[[Category:CES_Country]]
		+	[[Category:Latin_America]]
		+	[[Category:Country_Energy_Situation]]
		+	[[Category:Nicaragua]]