Photovoltaic (PV) - Revision history

Ranisha: /* Applications and Efficiency */

2021-08-06T09:09:57Z

‎Applications and Efficiency

Ranisha: /* Applications and Efficiency */

2021-08-06T08:40:11Z

‎Applications and Efficiency

Katharina Telfser: /* Quality Management */

2020-09-14T13:00:20Z

‎Quality Management

Ranisha: /* Overview */

2018-08-01T09:25:27Z

‎Overview

Ranisha: /* Further Information */

2018-08-01T09:24:21Z

‎Further Information

Ranisha at 15:17, 21 February 2018

2018-02-21T15:17:26Z

Ranisha: /* Overview */

2018-02-21T15:16:53Z

‎Overview

Ranisha: /* Overview */

2018-02-21T15:14:46Z

‎Overview

Ranisha at 10:43, 23 January 2017

2017-01-23T10:43:41Z

Ranisha: /* References */

2017-01-23T10:43:16Z

‎References

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 [[#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Applications and Efficiency<br/> =
 PV technology can be employed in a variety of applications: Typical applications of PV technology include remote telecommunications, cathodic protection of pipelines, PV home systems, vaccine refrigeration, water pumping, grid connected or [[Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)|building integrated systems]], miniature electronic devices and toys<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>:

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 [[#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Applications and Efficiency<br/> =
 PV technology can be employed in a variety of applications: Typical applications of PV technology include remote telecommunications, cathodic protection of pipelines, PV home systems, vaccine refrigeration, water pumping, grid connected or [[Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)|building integrated systems]], miniature electronic devices and toys<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>:
 <u>'''Off-grid domestic''' PV systems like [[Solar Home Systems (SHS)|solar home systems]]:</u>
 *Provide electricity to households and villages that are not connected to the utility electricity network (also referred to as the [[Portal:Grid|grid]])
 *Provide electricity for lighting, phone charging, refrigeration and other low power [[Lamps and Electric Appliances|loads]]
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 <u>'''Off-grid non-domestic''' PV installations:</u>
 *Are used in locations where small amounts of electricity have a high value
 *Were the first commercial application for terrestrial PV systems
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 <u>'''Grid-connected''' '''distributed''' PV systems:</u>
 *Provide power to grid-connected customers or directly to the electricity network (specifically where that part of the electricity network is configured to supply power to a number of customers rather than to provide a bulk transport function)
 *May be on or integrated into the customer's premises, often on the demand side of the electricity meter, on public and commercial buildings, or elsewhere in the built environment
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 <u>'''Grid-connected''' '''centralized''' PV systems:</u>
 *Perform the functions of centralized power stations
 *Supply power that is not associated with a particular electricity customer
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 [[Photovoltaic (PV)#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Capability and Limitations<br/> =

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 [[Photovoltaic (PV)#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Quality Management =
-*For information about the quality of a photovoltaic system, see [[Quality_Management_for_Photovoltaic_Implementation|Quality Management for Photovoltaic Implementation]].
+*For information about the quality of a photovoltaic system, see [[Quality Management for Photovoltaic Implementation|Quality Management for Photovoltaic Implementation]].
 [[Photovoltaic (PV)#toc|►Go to Top]]

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-'''Photovoltaics''' ('''PV''') is the field of technology and research related to the application of [[Solar Cells and Modules|solar cells]] for energy production by converting sun energy (sunlight, including sun ultra violet radiation) directly into electricity by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect photovoltaic effect]. The latter refers to the process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage). Solar cells are photovoltaic devices that use semi-conducting materials to convert sunlight directly into electricity. When sunlight is absorbed by these materials, it causes electrons to flow through the material generating electric currents. Solar cells produce '''direct current (DC) '''electricity. There are two broad categories of solar cells; thin film and crystalline<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>.
+[[PV system|'''Photovoltaics''' ('''PV''')]] is the field of technology and research related to the application of [[Solar Cells and Modules|solar cells]] for energy production by converting sun energy (sunlight, including sun ultra violet radiation) directly into electricity by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect photovoltaic effect]. The latter refers to the process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage). Solar cells are photovoltaic devices that use semi-conducting materials to convert sunlight directly into electricity. When sunlight is absorbed by these materials, it causes electrons to flow through the material generating electric currents. Solar cells produce '''direct current (DC) '''electricity. There are two broad categories of solar cells; thin film and crystalline<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>.
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 [[#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Applications and Efficiency<br/> =

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 = Further Information<br/> =
 *[[Portal:Solar|Solar Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
 *[[Solar Revolution - The Role of Photovoltaics for the Energy Transition|Solar Revolution - The Role of Photovoltaics for the Energy Transition]]

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 Performance of PV modules depends on the amount of solar irradiation received which varies by location and season. For this reason, systems normally need to be carefully designed. A typical commercial solar cell has an efficiency of 15%. The first solar cells, built in the 1950s, had efficiencies of less than 4%<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>.
 = Applications and Efficiency<br/> =
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 <references />
 [[Category:Photovoltaic_(PV)]]

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 = Overview<br/> =
+{|
 '''Photovoltaics''' ('''PV''') is the field of technology and research related to the application of [[Solar Cells and Modules|solar cells]] for energy production by converting sun energy (sunlight, including sun ultra violet radiation) directly into electricity by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect photovoltaic effect]. The latter refers to the process of converting light (photons) to electricity (voltage). Solar cells are photovoltaic devices that use semi-conducting materials to convert sunlight directly into electricity. When sunlight is absorbed by these materials, it causes electrons to flow through the material generating electric currents. Solar cells produce '''direct current (DC) '''electricity. There are two broad categories of solar cells; thin film and crystalline<ref name="Energy Technology">GTZ (2007): Eastern Africa Resource Base: GTZ Online Regional Energy Resource Base: Regional and Country Specific Energy Resource Database: I - Energy Technology</ref>.
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 The key components of a photovoltaic power system are the photovoltaic cells (also called solar cells) interconnected and encapsulated to form a photovoltaic module (the commercial product), the [[Solar Module Mounting|mounting structure]] for the module or array (several modules mounted and interconnected together to produce a desired voltage and current (power capacity)), the inverter (essential for grid-connected systems and required for many off-grid systems), the storage [[Batteries|battery]] and the [[Charge Controllers|charge controller]] (for off-grid systems only). Solar cells are typically combined into modules that hold up to 40 cells to generate substantial voltages (typically 12 V or 24V) and currents that can be used to power various devices. The power output of a module is measured under standardized test conditions in Watt Peak (Wp).
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 [[Photovoltaic (PV)#toc|►Go to Top]]
 = Applications and Efficiency<br/> =

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 *Perform the functions of centralized power stations
 *Supply power that is not associated with a particular electricity customer
-*Primarily supply bulk power, rather existing on the electricity network to perform specific functions.<ref>[http://www.iea-pvps.org/pv/snapshot/techproc.htm IEA PVPS]</ref>
+*Primarily supply bulk power, rather existing on the electricity network to perform specific functions.<ref>[http://iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=158 IEA PVPS]</ref>
 <br/>
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 <references />
 [[Category:Solar]]