Recycling of PicoPV Systems - Revision history

Lisafeldmann at 11:49, 31 March 2015

2015-03-31T11:49:52Z

Ranisha at 08:47, 17 November 2014

2014-11-17T08:47:53Z

Wiki Gardener at 09:15, 27 June 2012

2012-06-27T09:15:04Z

Steffen at 11:40, 7 May 2011

2011-05-07T11:40:57Z

Steffen at 11:39, 7 May 2011

2011-05-07T11:39:29Z

Hannah Müggenburg at 09:44, 6 January 2011

2011-01-06T09:44:20Z

Hannah Müggenburg at 10:33, 10 December 2010

2010-12-10T10:33:22Z

Hannah Müggenburg at 10:32, 10 December 2010

2010-12-10T10:32:22Z

Hannah Müggenburg at 10:32, 10 December 2010

2010-12-10T10:32:05Z

Hannah Müggenburg at 12:13, 9 December 2010

2010-12-09T12:13:41Z

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Mass prodcution of PicoPV systems has to provide a solution for recycling. Batteries are the first [[Features of PicoPV Systems|components of a PicoPV system]], which have to be replaced after four to five years use (depending on the [[Batteries|type of battery]]).
+= Overview<br/> =
 = Recycling<br/> =
@@ Line 17: / Line 18: @@
 *Central: Cameroon
+<br/>
 <u>But these facilities face some difficulties<ref name="SEF">_</ref>:</u>
@@ Line 26: / Line 27: @@
 *number of presence of batteries and recycling facilities is unknown.
+<br/>
 Recycling benefits people, environment and can offer new sources of economic gains.
+<br/>
 = Challenges<br/> =
@@ Line 38: / Line 39: @@
 The lack of physical and institutional infrastructure make it necessary for the projects to build up new structures, since normally such ones do not yet exist.
+<br/>
 = Infrastructures<br/> =
@@ Line 44: / Line 45: @@
 There are different types of possible infrastructures for battery recycling or disposal possible, depending on the financial resources, the manufacturers and the ability and commitment of the public administration.
+<br/>
 <u>The '''most simplistic system''' is the '''storage of old batteries '''within the (village) community:</u>
@@ Line 50: / Line 51: @@
 The place for storage should be a dry and closed place. It could be an already existing place, like in a school or a community or health centre. It also could be a new build hut, fulfilling the necessary minimum requirements. The idea is, that a (or the) development organisation, NGOs, civil servants, medicals or missionaries etc, are taking the batteries with them and take it to appropriate recycling facilities or public administration facilities, the next time they enter the village.&nbsp;This informal system of course harbours some risks, but it would be a possible and r'''esources saving solution'''. When the storage place is dry and closed, non-functioning batteries can be stored for a long time, this way a fast recycling would not be necessary.
+<br/>
 <u>From the basic idea of storing, other more'''advanced solutions ''''''can be derived''':</u>
@@ Line 56: / Line 57: @@
 The collection of batteries could be institutionalised. The collection could be done by the state, concurrent with other procedures done in the villages. Even manufacturers or retailers could be taken into consideration, however this seems not to be very promising since the logistical costs would be high and a financial gain (incentive) seems not possible to arrange. Collected batteries (by whomever) could be brought to a bigger collection facility and from there to an adequate recycling or disposal facility. '''The degree of institutionalising a waste management system however depends on the resources and possibilities of the involved actors'''.
+<br/>
 The waste or recycling system should be '''kept administratively simple'''. If a counterpart would provide the necessary financial and non-financial resources of an institutionalised professional replacement network, then of course this could be established as well, but this seems not an often found scenario. A country-wide network of collection places with trained staff, considering the fact that the majority of the batteries are in very remote places, would require incredible high funding.
+<br/>
 = References<br/> =
@@ Line 66: / Line 67: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:PicoPV]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview<br/> =
-Mass prodcution of PicoPV systems has to provide a solution for recycling. Batteries are the first [[Features of PicoPV systems|components of a PicoPV system]], which have to be replaced after four to five years use (depending on the [[Batteries|type of battery]]).
+Mass prodcution of PicoPV systems has to provide a solution for recycling. Batteries are the first [[Features of PicoPV Systems|components of a PicoPV system]], which have to be replaced after four to five years use (depending on the [[Batteries|type of battery]]).
@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:PicoPV]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Mass prodcution of PicoPV systems has to provide a solution for recycling. Batteries are the first [[Features of PicoPV systems|components of a PicoPV system]], which have to be replaced after four to five years use (depending on the [[Batteries|type of battery]]). <br>
+= Overview<br/> =
-Lead-acid and NiMH batteries are the most common types for storage of energy in PicoPV systems. Since Lead is considered as being one of the most toxic heavy metals, its [[Recycling of PV batteries|measures of recycling]] are of great interest.<br>
+Mass prodcution of PicoPV systems has to provide a solution for recycling. Batteries are the first [[Features of PicoPV systems|components of a PicoPV system]], which have to be replaced after four to five years use (depending on the [[Batteries|type of battery]]).
-But these facilities face some difficulties<ref name="SEF" />:<br>
+= Recycling<br/> =
-*only 70% of the total battery is recycled. Plastic casing, separators, connections and the sulfuric acid are not revcovered.<br>
+Lead-acid and NiMH batteries are the most common types for storage of energy in PicoPV systems. Since Lead is considered as being one of the most toxic heavy metals, its [[Recycling_of_Photovoltaic_(PV)_Batteries|measures of recycling]] are of great interest.
-*workers are mainly not trained or protected against poisoning<br>
-*the public is not informed about the dangers of handling a used energy storage<br>
-*number of presence of batteries and recycling facilities is unknown. <br>
-Recycling benefits people, environment and can offer new sources of economic gains.<br>
+<u>Within Africa already exist recycling possibilities for Lead-acid batteries<ref name="SEF">Solar Energy Foundation. 2010. Sun Connect. Battery Recycling</ref>:</u>
-<br>
+*North: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia
-<br>
+<u>But these facilities face some difficulties<ref name="SEF">_</ref>:</u>
-There are different types of possible infrastructures for battery recycling or disposal possible, depending on the financial resources, the manufacturers and the ability and commitment of the public administration. <br>
+*only 70% of the total battery is recycled. Plastic casing, separators, connections and the sulfuric acid are not revcovered.
-The place for storage should be a dry and closed place. It could be an already existing place, like in a school or a community or health centre. It also could be a new build hut, fulfilling the necessary minimum requirements. The idea is, that a (or the) development organisation, NGOs, civil servants, medicals or missionaries etc, are taking the batteries with them and take it to appropriate recycling facilities or public administration facilities, the next time they enter the village.&nbsp;This informal system of course harbours some risks, but it would be a possible and r'''esources saving solution'''. When the storage place is dry and closed, non-functioning batteries can be stored for a long time, this way a fast recycling would not be necessary. <br>
+Recycling benefits people, environment and can offer new sources of economic gains.
-The collection of batteries could be institutionalised. The collection could be done by the state, concurrent with other procedures done in the villages. Even manufacturers or retailers could be taken into consideration, however this seems not to be very promising since the logistical costs would be high and a financial gain (incentive) seems not possible to arrange. Collected batteries (by whomever) could be brought to a bigger collection facility and from there to an adequate recycling or disposal facility. '''The degree of institutionalising a waste management system however depends on the resources and possibilities of the involved actors'''. <br>
+= Challenges<br/> =
-<br>
+The lack of infrastructure is the main problem development cooperation is facing in the area of waste management of '''photovoltaic (PV)''' batteries. Although the new generation of batteries lasts much longer, which thus generates less battery disposals, the problem of where to dispose and how to recycle them still exists.
-The waste or recycling system should be '''kept administratively simple'''. If a counterpart would provide the necessary financial and non-financial resources of an institutionalised professional replacement network, then of course this could be established as well, but this seems not an often found scenario. A country-wide network of collection places with trained staff, considering the fact that the majority of the batteries are in very remote places, would require incredible high funding.<br>
+The lack of physical and institutional infrastructure make it necessary for the projects to build up new structures, since normally such ones do not yet exist.
-<references /><br>
+= Infrastructures<br/> =
-[[Category:Solar]] [[Category:PicoPV]]
+There are different types of possible infrastructures for battery recycling or disposal possible, depending on the financial resources, the manufacturers and the ability and commitment of the public administration.

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 Recycling benefits people, environment and can offer new sources of economic gains.<br>
 <br>
-−
 <br>
 The lack of infrastructure is the main problem development cooperation is facing in the area of waste management of PV batteries. Although the new generation of batteries lasts much longer, which thus generates less battery disposals, the problem of where to dispose and how to recycle them still exists.
 The lack of physical and institutional infrastructure make it necessary for the projects to build up new structures, since normally such ones do not yet exist. <br>
 <br>
 There are different types of possible infrastructures for battery recycling or disposal possible, depending on the financial resources, the manufacturers and the ability and commitment of the public administration. <br>
 <u><br></u>
 <u>The '''most simplistic system''' is the '''storage of old batteries '''within the (village) community:</u><br>
 The place for storage should be a dry and closed place. It could be an already existing place, like in a school or a community or health centre. It also could be a new build hut, fulfilling the necessary minimum requirements. The idea is, that a (or the) development organisation, NGOs, civil servants, medicals or missionaries etc, are taking the batteries with them and take it to appropriate recycling facilities or public administration facilities, the next time they enter the village.&nbsp;This informal system of course harbours some risks, but it would be a possible and r'''esources saving solution'''. When the storage place is dry and closed, non-functioning batteries can be stored for a long time, this way a fast recycling would not be necessary. <br>
 <br>
 <u>From the basic idea of storing, other more'''advanced solutions ''''''can be derived''': </u><br>
 The collection of batteries could be institutionalised. The collection could be done by the state, concurrent with other procedures done in the villages. Even manufacturers or retailers could be taken into consideration, however this seems not to be very promising since the logistical costs would be high and a financial gain (incentive) seems not possible to arrange. Collected batteries (by whomever) could be brought to a bigger collection facility and from there to an adequate recycling or disposal facility. '''The degree of institutionalising a waste management system however depends on the resources and possibilities of the involved actors'''. <br>
 <br>
-−
-The waste or recycling system should be '''kept administratively simple'''. If a counterpart would provide the necessary financial and non-financial resources of an institutionalised professional replacement network, then of course this could be established as well, but this seems not an often found scenario. A country-wide network of collection places with trained staff, considering the fact that the majority of the batteries are in very remote places, would require incredible high funding.<br>
-−
 <br>
-<br>
+The waste or recycling system should be '''kept administratively simple'''. If a counterpart would provide the necessary financial and non-financial resources of an institutionalised professional replacement network, then of course this could be established as well, but this seems not an often found scenario. A country-wide network of collection places with trained staff, considering the fact that the majority of the batteries are in very remote places, would require incredible high funding.<br>
 <references /><br>
 [[Category:Solar]] [[Category:PicoPV]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Mass prodcution of PicoPV systems has to provide a solution for recycling. Batteries are the first [[Features of PicoPV systems|components of a PicoPV system]], which have to be replaced after four to five years use (depending on the [[Batteries|type of battery]]). <br>
 Lead-acid and NiMH batteries are the most common types for storage of energy in PicoPV systems. Since Lead is considered as being one of the most toxic heavy metals, its [[Recycling of PV batteries|measures of recycling]] are of great interest.<br>
 Within Africa already exist recycling possibilities for Lead-acid batteries<ref name="SEF">Solar Energy Foundation. 2010. Sun Connect. Battery Recycling</ref>: <br>
 *North: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia<br>
 *East: Kenya, Ethiopia<br>
 *South: South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland<br>
 *West: Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria<br>
 *Central: Cameroon<br>
 But these facilities face some difficulties<ref name="SEF" />:<br>
 *only 70% of the total battery is recycled. Plastic casing, separators, connections and the sulfuric acid are not revcovered.<br>
 *workers are mainly not trained or protected against poisoning<br>
 *the public is not informed about the dangers of handling a used energy storage<br>
 *number of presence of batteries and recycling facilities is unknown. <br>
 Recycling benefits people, environment and can offer new sources of economic gains.<br>
 <br>
-<references /><br>
+<br>
 [[Category:Solar]] [[Category:PicoPV]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 Lead-acid and NiMH batteries are the most common types for storage of energy in PicoPV systems.<br>
 Since Lead is considered as being one of the mosti toxic heavy metals, its [[Recycling of PV batteries|measures of recycling]] are of great interest.<br>
@@ Line 21: / Line 19: @@
 *the public is not informed about the dangers of handling a used energy storage<br>
 *number of presence of batteries and recycling facilities is not known. <br>
 Recycling benefits people, environment and can offer new sources of economic gains.<br>