Rural Electrification - Revision history

Ahmed El-Sherbini at 15:30, 26 February 2019

2019-02-26T15:30:39Z

Johanna at 17:50, 12 January 2017

2017-01-12T17:50:02Z

Johanna at 15:05, 5 January 2017

2017-01-05T15:05:55Z

Wiki Gardener at 12:11, 19 January 2015

2015-01-19T12:11:12Z

Katharina Wiedemann at 17:27, 22 September 2014

2014-09-22T17:27:42Z

Ranisha at 13:57, 15 August 2014

2014-08-15T13:57:25Z

Ranisha at 13:56, 15 August 2014

2014-08-15T13:56:50Z

Ranisha at 08:57, 4 August 2014

2014-08-04T08:57:52Z

Ranisha at 14:17, 7 July 2014

2014-07-07T14:17:21Z

Ranisha at 14:31, 4 July 2014

2014-07-04T14:31:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:30, 26 February 2019
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	<references /></div>		<references /></div>

−	~~[[Category:Rural_Development]]~~
−	~~[[Category:Rural_Electrification]]~~
	[[Category:Energy_Use]]		[[Category:Energy_Use]]
		+	[[Category:Community_Engagement]]
		+	[[Category:Rural_Electrification]]
		+	[[Category:Rural_Development]]

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 Today there are even some new developments such as thermo-electric devices that can turn heat into small amounts of electricity when attached to household cooking stoves. These technologies are still in the early stages of marketing and development. Amid this wide variety of new systems and devices, the cost and level of service is quite different among these various types of systems. As you move from those that already have grid service to offgrid technologies, the cost increases per kilowatt hour and the service decreases.
-Of course the most desirable electricity service is from the grid, but there are well known constraints to extending grid electricity to remote areas in developing countries. The constraints include high costs involved in reaching remote areas and lack of local capacity to use much electricity.
+Of course the most desirable electricity service is from the grid, but there are well known constraints to extending grid electricity to remote areas in developing countries. The constraints include [[Affordability of Grid Electricity|high costs involved in reaching remote areas]] and lack of local capacity to use much electricity.
 In such situations offgrid technologies often are less expensive than the grid in remote areas or for specialized uses. Below find a brief description of typical service levels and the main benefits that can be supported by them (see table<ref>http://www.energyfordevelopment.com/2010/07/rural-electrification-definition.html</ref>).
@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 *For information about rural electrification with solar energy , see [[:File:Repp Rural Electrification with Solar Energy as a Climate Protection Strategy.pdf|REPP: Steven Kaufman: Rural Electrification with Solar Energy as a Climate Protection Strategy, Research Report No. 9, 2000]].
-*<div class="csl-bib-body" style="line-height: 1.35;  padding-left: 2em;  text-indent:-2em"><div class="csl-entry">World Bank, ed. ''The Welfare Impact of Rural Electrification: A Reassessment of the Costs and Benefits ; an IEG Impact Evaluation''. Washington: World Bank, 2008. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTRURELECT/Resources/full_doc.pdf </div></div>
+*World Bank, ed. ''The Welfare Impact of Rural Electrification: A Reassessment of the Costs and Benefits ; an IEG Impact Evaluation''. Washington: World Bank, 2008. [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTRURELECT/Resources/full_doc.pdf http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTRURELECT/Resources/full_doc.pdf]
 <br/>
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 <references /></div>
 [[Category:Rural_Development]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview =
 What is rural electrification? This definition appears simple but it is becoming more and more complicated as new devices and systems are developed that provide various levels of electricity service.<ref>D. Barnes: What is Rural Electrification: New Technologies and Old Definitions? http://www.energyfordevelopment.com/2010/07/rural-electrification-definition.html</ref>
 <br/>
 = History of Rural Electrification =
 With the exception of flashlights, historically the main source of electricity has come from national or local [[Portal:Grid|grid systems]]. National grid systems are fairly well know. Local or isolated grid systems are generally based on either microhydro or diesel generators, and the distribution system does not extend beyond a local area such as a town or group of towns.
@@ Line 13: / Line 16: @@
 <br/>
 = Barriers for Accessing Grid Electricity for Rural Electrification =
 Today there are even some new developments such as thermo-electric devices that can turn heat into small amounts of electricity when attached to household cooking stoves. These technologies are still in the early stages of marketing and development. Amid this wide variety of new systems and devices, the cost and level of service is quite different among these various types of systems. As you move from those that already have grid service to offgrid technologies, the cost increases per kilowatt hour and the service decreases.
@@ Line 22: / Line 27: @@
 <br/>
 <div></div><div>[[File:Rural Electrification Technologies.jpg|thumb|center|612px|Rural Electrification Technologies and Service Levels|alt=Source: http://www.energyfordevelopment.com/2010/07/rural-electrification-definition.html]]</div><div></div><div><span></span></div><div></div><div>
+<br/>
 = Conclusion =
 The development impact might be the most important determinant on how to classify households. Unfortunately, at the present time there are very few studies that have been done on the impact of [[Solar Home Systems (SHS)|solar home systems or]] small lighting systems on development. It is well known that certain activities cannot be accomplished with the low power levels available through solar home or smaller photovoltaic systems. The question is does this matter, since such technologies are quite capable of providing household lighting along with radio or television. Should households with these low levels of electricity service be considered as having electricity by large development organizations? Or should technologies for such households be considered as “pre-electrification?”
@@ Line 33: / Line 38: @@
 <br/>
 = Further Information =
 *For information about rural electrification with solar energy , see [[:File:Repp Rural Electrification with Solar Energy as a Climate Protection Strategy.pdf|REPP: Steven Kaufman: Rural Electrification with Solar Energy as a Climate Protection Strategy, Research Report No. 9, 2000]].
 <br/>
 = References =
 <references /></div>
 [[Category:Energy_Use]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview =
 What is rural electrification? This definition appears simple but it is becoming more and more complicated as new devices and systems are developed that provide various levels of electricity service.<ref>D. Barnes: What is Rural Electrification: New Technologies and Old Definitions? http://www.energyfordevelopment.com/2010/07/rural-electrification-definition.html</ref>
 <br/>
 With the exception of flashlights, historically the main source of electricity has come from national or local [[Portal:Grid|grid systems]]. National grid systems are fairly well know. Local or isolated grid systems are generally based on either microhydro or diesel generators, and the distribution system does not extend beyond a local area such as a town or group of towns.
@@ Line 14: / Line 13: @@
 <br/>
 Today there are even some new developments such as thermo-electric devices that can turn heat into small amounts of electricity when attached to household cooking stoves. These technologies are still in the early stages of marketing and development. Amid this wide variety of new systems and devices, the cost and level of service is quite different among these various types of systems. As you move from those that already have grid service to offgrid technologies, the cost increases per kilowatt hour and the service decreases.
@@ Line 23: / Line 22: @@
 <br/>
 The development impact might be the most important determinant on how to classify households. Unfortunately, at the present time there are very few studies that have been done on the impact of [[Solar Home Systems (SHS)|solar home systems or]] small lighting systems on development. It is well known that certain activities cannot be accomplished with the low power levels available through solar home or smaller photovoltaic systems. The question is does this matter, since such technologies are quite capable of providing household lighting along with radio or television. Should households with these low levels of electricity service be considered as having electricity by large development organizations? Or should technologies for such households be considered as “pre-electrification?”
@@ Line 31: / Line 32: @@
 <br/>
 = Further Information =
-*For information about rural electrification with solar energy , see [[:File:Repp_Rural_Electrification_with_Solar_Energy_as_a_Climate_Protection_Strategy.pdf|REPP: Steven Kaufman: Rural Electrification with Solar Energy as a Climate Protection Strategy, Research Report No. 9, 2000]].
+*For information about rural electrification with solar energy , see [[:File:Repp Rural Electrification with Solar Energy as a Climate Protection Strategy.pdf|REPP: Steven Kaufman: Rural Electrification with Solar Energy as a Climate Protection Strategy, Research Report No. 9, 2000]].
+<br/>
@@ Line 41: / Line 43: @@
 <references /></div>
 [[Category:Rural_Development]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview =
@@ Line 19: / Line 20: @@
 Of course the most desirable electricity service is from the grid, but there are well known constraints to extending grid electricity to remote areas in developing countries. The constraints include high costs involved in reaching remote areas and lack of local capacity to use much electricity.
-In such situations offgrid technologies often are less expensive than the grid in remote areas or for specialized uses. Below find a brief description of typical service levels and the main benefits that can be supported by them (see table).
+In such situations offgrid technologies often are less expensive than the grid in remote areas or for specialized uses. Below find a brief description of typical service levels and the main benefits that can be supported by them (see table<ref>http://www.energyfordevelopment.com/2010/07/rural-electrification-definition.html</ref>).
 <br/>
-<div></div><div>[[File:Rural Electrification Technologies.jpg|center|612px|Source: http://www.energyfordevelopment.com/2010/07/rural-electrification-definition.html|alt=Source: http://www.energyfordevelopment.com/2010/07/rural-electrification-definition.html]]</div><div></div><div><span></span></div><div></div><div>
+<div></div><div>[[File:Rural Electrification Technologies.jpg|thumb|center|612px|Rural Electrification Technologies|alt=Source: http://www.energyfordevelopment.com/2010/07/rural-electrification-definition.html]]</div><div></div><div><span></span></div><div></div><div>
 = Conclusion =
@@ Line 33: / Line 34: @@
 = Further Information =
-*For information about rural electrification with solar energy , see [[:File:Repp_Rural_Electrification_with_Solar_Energy_as_a_Climate_Protection_Strategy.pdf|Repp Rural Electrification with Solar Energy as a Climate Protection Strategy.pdf]]<ref>REPP: Steven Kaufman: Rural Electrification with Solar Energy as a Climate Protection Strategy, Research Report No. 9, 2000.</ref>
+*For information about rural electrification with solar energy , see [[:File:Repp_Rural_Electrification_with_Solar_Energy_as_a_Climate_Protection_Strategy.pdf|REPP: Steven Kaufman: Rural Electrification with Solar Energy as a Climate Protection Strategy, Research Report No. 9, 2000]].
 = References =
 <references /></div>
 [[Category:Rural_Development]]

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 = Conclusion =
-The development impact might be the most important determinant on how to classify households. Unfortunately, at the present time there are very few studies that have been done on the impact of [[Solar Home Systems|solar home systems or]] small lighting systems on development. It is well known that certain activities cannot be accomplished with the low power levels available through solar home or smaller photovoltaic systems. The question is does this matter, since such technologies are quite capable of providing household lighting along with radio or television. Should households with these low levels of electricity service be considered as having electricity by large development organizations? Or should technologies for such households be considered as “pre-electrification?”
+The development impact might be the most important determinant on how to classify households. Unfortunately, at the present time there are very few studies that have been done on the impact of [[Solar Home Systems (SHS)|solar home systems or]] small lighting systems on development. It is well known that certain activities cannot be accomplished with the low power levels available through solar home or smaller photovoltaic systems. The question is does this matter, since such technologies are quite capable of providing household lighting along with radio or television. Should households with these low levels of electricity service be considered as having electricity by large development organizations? Or should technologies for such households be considered as “pre-electrification?”
 The main international institutions that are charged with collecting rural electrification statistics typically classify households no access to grid electricity as being “without electricity,” even though the same households may have electricity from other sources such as car batteries or flashlights. The one exception is the recent WHO study that bases the electrification status on whether or not a household lights with electricity. However, even this study makes extensive use of figures the International Energy Agency which adopts a definition that is mainly based on having electricity from a grid system.
@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 <br/>
 [[Category:Rural_Development]]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 = History of Rural Electrification =
-With the exception of flashlights, historically the main source of electricity has come from national or local [[Grid|grid systems]]. National grid systems are fairly well know. Local or isolated grid systems are generally based on either microhydro or diesel generators, and the distribution system does not extend beyond a local area such as a town or group of towns.
+With the exception of flashlights, historically the main source of electricity has come from national or local [[Portal:Grid|grid systems]]. National grid systems are fairly well know. Local or isolated grid systems are generally based on either microhydro or diesel generators, and the distribution system does not extend beyond a local area such as a town or group of towns.
 Then along came the first generation of household offgrid technologies such as [[Solar Home Systems|solar home systems]] that were developed and marketed to consumers. These systems involve photovoltaic panel or panels coupled with a battery for a single home. Recently this has been followed by new small household lighting systems. Often unrecognized, for many years rural people have used car or motorcycle batteries for basic television and household [[Lighting|lighting]].
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 <br/>
 [[Category:Energy_Use]]