Solar Systems - Wiring and Fitting - Revision history

Ranisha at 12:11, 15 August 2014

2014-08-15T12:11:21Z

Wiki Gardener at 10:50, 18 June 2014

2014-06-18T10:50:00Z

Wiki Gardener: moved Wiring and Fitting to Solar Systems - Wiring and Fitting

2012-08-30T14:42:16Z

moved Wiring and Fitting to Solar Systems - Wiring and Fitting

Wiki Gardener at 14:37, 30 August 2012

2012-08-30T14:37:20Z

Hellpap at 12:23, 1 September 2010

2010-09-01T12:23:39Z

Sumi at 13:44, 16 June 2010

2010-06-16T13:44:24Z

Sumi at 13:43, 16 June 2010

2010-06-16T13:43:28Z

Sumi at 13:39, 16 June 2010

2010-06-16T13:39:58Z

Sumi at 13:38, 16 June 2010

2010-06-16T13:38:50Z

Albrecht at 09:29, 18 August 2009

2009-08-18T09:29:51Z

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 = How to Improve<br/> =
-Unlike [https://energypedia.info/Alternating current AC], in DC systems switching the poles (+) and (-) will cause problems. The application of special DC fittings is recommended. Otherwise, high-quality AC items should be applied. The current ratings of AC-switches can be applied only for 12 V/ 24 V DC systems. In high-voltage DC systems, they have to be higher.
+Unlike alternating current (AC), in DC systems switching the poles (+) and (-) will cause problems. The application of special DC fittings is recommended. Otherwise, high-quality AC items should be applied. The current ratings of AC-switches can be applied only for 12 V/ 24 V DC systems. In high-voltage DC systems, they have to be higher.
-The current drawn by an [https://energypedia.info/Lamps and Electric Appliances appliance] or circuit can be calculated by dividing the power rating by the system voltage.
+The current drawn by an [[Lamps_and_Electric_Appliances|electric appliance]] or circuit can be calculated by dividing the power rating by the system voltage.
 <br/>
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 <br/>
-Like other electric components, accessories (particularly cables) cause losses. Since [[Energy|energy]] is expensive, these should be minimized.
+Like other electric components, accessories (particularly cables) cause losses. Since [[Access_to_Modern_Energy|energy]] is expensive, these should be minimized.
 <u>The power loss within a copper wired cable depends on the current I, the cable length L (back and forth) and the cross-section A of the wire as follows:</u>
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 '''Example:'''
-For a generator current of 5 A and a cable of 1.5 mm² with a length of 10 m (oneway) the power loss will be:<br/>0.018 x (5 A)² x (2x10 m) / 1.5 mm² = 6 W.
+For a generator current of 5 A and a cable of 1.5 mm² with a length of 10 m (one way) the power loss will be:<br/>0.018 x (5 A)² x (2x10 m) / 1.5 mm² = 6 W.
 In a 12 V system, this would be 10% of the whole generator power.
@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 *Losses can be reduced by increasing the cross-section of wires or by higher voltage levels.
 *Keep the losses in the generator circuit as well as in the load circuits below 5% (better: 3%) and in the controller- battery circuit below 0.5%. The necessary cross-section of the cable is A [mm] = 0.018 x I x L / U / 0.05 (= 5%).
-*Use appropriate outdoor cables to connect the modules, protect them against sunlight and damage (e.g. by rodents) and lay cablesin conduits where appropriate.
+*Use appropriate outdoor cables to connect the modules, protect them against sunlight and damage (e.g. by rodents) and lay cables in conduits where appropriate.
 <br/>
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 Because corrosion is a diffusion controlled process, it occurs on exposed surfaces. As a result, methods to reduce the activity of the exposed surface, such as passivation and chromate-conversion, can increase a material's corrosion resistance. However, some corrosion mechanisms are less visible and less predictable.<ref name="Gate, GTZ: Haars, Klaus: Electricity from Sunlight, Solar Energy Supply for Homes and Buildings, Eschborn, 2002">Gate, GTZ: Haars, Klaus: Electricity from Sunlight, Solar Energy Supply for Homes and Buildings, Eschborn, 2002</ref>
+<br/>
 = Further Information<br/> =
--> For further information on wiring and fitting for [[Solar Home Systems|solar home systems]] see the EnDev wiki page on [[Standards for System Installation and Wiring|standards for system installation and wiring]].
+*For further information on wiring and fitting for [[Solar_Home_Systems_(SHS)|solar home systems]] see the EnDev wiki page on [[Standards_for_System_Installation_and_Wiring|standards for system installation and wiring]].
 *[[Portal:Solar|Solar Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
+<br/>
 = References<br/> =
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Solar_Home_Systems_(SHS)]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview<br/> =
 Many system failures are caused by unsuitable or improperly installed cables, connectors, switches or sockets.
 Their current, voltage and power ratings should be in line with the system characteristics.
+<br/>
 = How to Improve<br/> =
-Unlike [https://energypedia.info/Alternating%20current AC], in DC systems switching the poles (+) and (-) will cause problems. The application of special DC fittings is recommended. Otherwise, high-quality AC items should be applied. The current ratings of AC-switches can be applied only for 12 V/ 24 V DC systems. In high-voltage DC systems, they have to be higher.
+Unlike [https://energypedia.info/Alternating current AC], in DC systems switching the poles (+) and (-) will cause problems. The application of special DC fittings is recommended. Otherwise, high-quality AC items should be applied. The current ratings of AC-switches can be applied only for 12 V/ 24 V DC systems. In high-voltage DC systems, they have to be higher.
-−
-The current drawn by an [https://energypedia.info/Lamps%20and%20Electric%20Appliances appliance] or circuit can be calculated by dividing the power rating by the system voltage.
-{| style="width: 100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="1"
+{| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" style="width: 100%"
 |-
+| style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" |
 '''Example:'''
@@ Line 24: / Line 25: @@
 |}
 Like other electric components, accessories (particularly cables) cause losses. Since [[Energy|energy]] is expensive, these should be minimized.
 Like other electric components, accessories (particularly cables) cause losses. Since [[Energy|energy]] is expensive, these should be minimized.
 <u>The power loss within a copper wired cable depends on the current I, the cable length L (back and forth) and the cross-section A of the wire as follows:</u>
@@ Line 32: / Line 33: @@
 ΔP [W] = 0.018 x I² [A²] x L [m] / A [mm²]
+{| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" style="width: 100%"
-{| style="width: 100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="1"
 |-
+| style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" |
 '''Example:'''
 For a generator current of 5 A and a cable of 1.5 mm² with a length of 10 m (oneway) the power loss will be:<br/>0.018 x (5 A)² x (2x10 m) / 1.5 mm² = 6 W.
 In a 12 V system, this would be 10% of the whole generator power.
@@ Line 45: / Line 46: @@
 |}
+<br/>
 *Losses can be reduced by increasing the cross-section of wires or by higher voltage levels.
-*Losses can be reduced by increasing the cross-section of wires or by higher voltage levels.
+*Keep the losses in the generator circuit as well as in the load circuits below 5% (better: 3%) and in the controller- battery circuit below 0.5%. The necessary cross-section of the cable is A [mm] = 0.018 x I x L / U / 0.05 (= 5%).
-*Keep the losses in the generator circuit as well as in the load circuits below 5% (better: 3%) and in the controller- battery circuit below 0.5%. The necessary cross-section of the cable is A [mm] = 0.018&nbsp;x I&nbsp;x L / U / 0.05 (= 5%).
 *Use appropriate outdoor cables to connect the modules, protect them against sunlight and damage (e.g. by rodents) and lay cablesin conduits where appropriate.
+<br/>
 = Typical Problems with Wiring and Fittings<br/> =
-Metals&nbsp;can oxidate if exposed&nbsp;to&nbsp;oxygen and moisture.&nbsp;This corrosion typically produces oxide(s) and/or salt(s) of the original metal. Corrosion can also refer to other materials than metals, such as ceramics or polymers, although in this context, the term degradation is more common. In other words, corrosion is the wearing away of metals due to a chemical reaction.
+Metals can oxidate if exposed to oxygen and moisture. This corrosion typically produces oxide(s) and/or salt(s) of the original metal. Corrosion can also refer to other materials than metals, such as ceramics or polymers, although in this context, the term degradation is more common. In other words, corrosion is the wearing away of metals due to a chemical reaction.
 Because corrosion is a diffusion controlled process, it occurs on exposed surfaces. As a result, methods to reduce the activity of the exposed surface, such as passivation and chromate-conversion, can increase a material's corrosion resistance. However, some corrosion mechanisms are less visible and less predictable.<ref name="Gate, GTZ: Haars, Klaus: Electricity from Sunlight, Solar Energy Supply for Homes and Buildings, Eschborn, 2002">Gate, GTZ: Haars, Klaus: Electricity from Sunlight, Solar Energy Supply for Homes and Buildings, Eschborn, 2002</ref>
-&nbsp;
 = Further Information<br/> =
--> For&nbsp;further information on wiring and fitting for [[Solar Home Systems|solar home systems]] see the EnDev wiki page on [[Standards for System Installation and Wiring|standards for system installation and wiring]].
+-> For further information on wiring and fitting for [[Solar Home Systems|solar home systems]] see the EnDev wiki page on [[Standards for System Installation and Wiring|standards for system installation and wiring]].
@@ Line 70: / Line 71: @@
 <references />
 [[Category:Solar]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Many system failures are caused by unsuitable or improperly installed cables, connectors, switches or sockets. Their current, voltage and power ratings should be in line with the system characteristics.
+= Overview<br/> =
-Unlike [[Alternating current|AC]], in DC systems switching the poles (+) and (-) will cause problems. The application of special DC fittings is recommended. Otherwise, high-quality AC items should be applied. The current ratings of AC-switches can be applied only for 12 V/ 24 V DC systems. In high-voltage DC systems, they have to be higher.
+Many system failures are caused by unsuitable or improperly installed cables, connectors, switches or sockets.
-The current drawn by an [[Lamps and Electric Appliances|appliance]] or circuit can be calculated by dividing the power rating by the system voltage.
+Their current, voltage and power ratings should be in line with the system characteristics.
-<pre>Example: A 1 kW inverter in a 24 V system will draw a current of 42 A (1,000 W / 24 V).
-Add safety margins and take overload capacity into account.</pre>
-Like other electric components, accessories (particularly cables) cause losses. Since [[Energy|energy]] is expensive, these should be minimized. The power loss within a copper wired cable depends on the current I, the cable length L (back and forth) and the cross-section A of the wire as follows:
-Use appropriate outdoor cables to connect the modules, protect them against sunlight and damage (e.g. by rodents) and lay cablesin conduits where appropriate.<br>
+= How to Improve<br/> =
-<br>
+Unlike [https://energypedia.info/Alternating%20current AC], in DC systems switching the poles (+) and (-) will cause problems. The application of special DC fittings is recommended. Otherwise, high-quality AC items should be applied. The current ratings of AC-switches can be applied only for 12 V/ 24 V DC systems. In high-voltage DC systems, they have to be higher.
-== Typical problems with wiring and fittings ==
+The current drawn by an [https://energypedia.info/Lamps%20and%20Electric%20Appliances appliance] or circuit can be calculated by dividing the power rating by the system voltage.
 Metals&nbsp;can oxidate if exposed&nbsp;to&nbsp;oxygen and moisture.&nbsp;This corrosion typically produces oxide(s) and/or salt(s) of the original metal. Corrosion can also refer to other materials than metals, such as ceramics or polymers, although in this context, the term degradation is more common. In other words, corrosion is the wearing away of metals due to a chemical reaction.
-Because corrosion is a diffusion controlled process, it occurs on exposed surfaces. As a result, methods to reduce the activity of the exposed surface, such as passivation and chromate-conversion, can increase a material's corrosion resistance. However, some corrosion mechanisms are less visible and less predictable.
+Because corrosion is a diffusion controlled process, it occurs on exposed surfaces. As a result, methods to reduce the activity of the exposed surface, such as passivation and chromate-conversion, can increase a material's corrosion resistance. However, some corrosion mechanisms are less visible and less predictable.<ref name="Gate, GTZ: Haars, Klaus: Electricity from Sunlight, Solar Energy Supply for Homes and Buildings, Eschborn, 2002">Gate, GTZ: Haars, Klaus: Electricity from Sunlight, Solar Energy Supply for Homes and Buildings, Eschborn, 2002</ref>
 &nbsp;
-Source: [http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-electricity-from-sunlight.pdf Gate, GTZ: Haars, Klaus: Electricity from Sunlight, Solar Energy Supply for Homes and Buildings, Eschborn, 2002.]
+= Further Information<br/> =
-<br>
+= References<br/> =
-For&nbsp;further information on wiring and fitting for [[Solar Home Systems|solar home systems]] see the EnDev wiki page on [[Standards for System Installation and Wiring|standards for system installation and wiring]].
+<references />
- [[Solar Main Page|⇒ Back to Solar Section]]
+[[Solar Main Page|-> Back to Solar Section]]
-−
 [[Category:Solar]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 1 September 2010
Line 18:		Line 18:

	<br>		<br>
		+
		+	== Typical problems with wiring and fittings ==
		+
		+	Metals can oxidate if exposed to oxygen and moisture. This corrosion typically produces oxide(s) and/or salt(s) of the original metal. Corrosion can also refer to other materials than metals, such as ceramics or polymers, although in this context, the term degradation is more common. In other words, corrosion is the wearing away of metals due to a chemical reaction.
		+
		+	Because corrosion is a diffusion controlled process, it occurs on exposed surfaces. As a result, methods to reduce the activity of the exposed surface, such as passivation and chromate-conversion, can increase a material's corrosion resistance. However, some corrosion mechanisms are less visible and less predictable.
		+
		+

	Source: [http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-electricity-from-sunlight.pdf Gate, GTZ: Haars, Klaus: Electricity from Sunlight, Solar Energy Supply for Homes and Buildings, Eschborn, 2002.]		Source: [http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-electricity-from-sunlight.pdf Gate, GTZ: Haars, Klaus: Electricity from Sunlight, Solar Energy Supply for Homes and Buildings, Eschborn, 2002.]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Many system failures are caused by unsuitable or improperly installed cables, connectors, switches or sockets. Their current, voltage and power ratings should be in line with the system characteristics.
-Unlike [[Alternating current|AC]], in DC systems switching the poles (+) and (-) will cause [[gfdf|problems]]. The application of special DC fittings is recommended. Otherwise, high-quality AC items should be applied. The current ratings of AC-switches can be applied only for 12 V/ 24 V DC systems. In high-voltage DC systems, they have to be higher.
+Unlike [[Alternating current|AC]], in DC systems switching the poles (+) and (-) will cause problems. The application of special DC fittings is recommended. Otherwise, high-quality AC items should be applied. The current ratings of AC-switches can be applied only for 12 V/ 24 V DC systems. In high-voltage DC systems, they have to be higher.
 The current drawn by an [[Lamps and Electric Appliances|appliance]] or circuit can be calculated by dividing the power rating by the system voltage.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:39, 16 June 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	Many system failures are caused by unsuitable or improperly installed cables, connectors, switches or sockets. Their current, voltage and power ratings should be in line with the system ~~[[lala\|~~characteristics]].	+	Many system failures are caused by unsuitable or improperly installed cables, connectors, switches or sockets. Their current, voltage and power ratings should be in line with the system characteristics.

	Unlike [[Alternating current\|AC]], in DC systems switching the poles (+) and (-) will cause problems. The application of special DC fittings is recommended. Otherwise, high-quality AC items should be applied. The current ratings of AC-switches can be applied only for 12 V/ 24 V DC systems. In high-voltage DC systems, they have to be higher.		Unlike [[Alternating current\|AC]], in DC systems switching the poles (+) and (-) will cause problems. The application of special DC fittings is recommended. Otherwise, high-quality AC items should be applied. The current ratings of AC-switches can be applied only for 12 V/ 24 V DC systems. In high-voltage DC systems, they have to be higher.

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 <br>
-Source: [http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-electricity-from-sunlight.pdf Klaus Haars, GATE-ID technical brief: Electricity from Sunlight, Solar Energy Supply for Homes and Buildings, Eschborn, 2002.]
+Source: [http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/en-electricity-from-sunlight.pdf Gate, GTZ: Haars, Klaus: Electricity from Sunlight, Solar Energy Supply for Homes and Buildings, Eschborn, 2002.]
 <br>