Sustainable Energy Use in the Dairy Value Chain - Revision history

Ranisha at 10:06, 14 October 2020

2020-10-14T10:06:08Z

Ranisha at 10:40, 9 September 2020

2020-09-09T10:40:13Z

Ranisha at 20:46, 21 July 2020

2020-07-21T20:46:29Z

Ranisha at 10:25, 15 July 2020

2020-07-15T10:25:05Z

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Ranisha at 08:13, 15 July 2020

2020-07-15T08:13:42Z

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Ranisha at 17:04, 19 December 2019

2019-12-19T17:04:28Z

Vanesa Zanzi Ferrando at 19:53, 22 November 2019

2019-11-22T19:53:59Z

Janna Schneider at 14:55, 19 November 2019

2019-11-19T14:55:10Z

Janna Schneider: /* Costs and Benefits of Clean-Energy-Technologies in the Milk Value Chain */

2019-11-19T14:54:24Z

‎Costs and Benefits of Clean-Energy-Technologies in the Milk Value Chain

Janna Schneider: /* Clean Energy Solutions for Milk Cooling in India and Kenya */

2019-11-19T14:53:26Z

‎Clean Energy Solutions for Milk Cooling in India and Kenya

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 == <span style="color:#00A3AD">SunDanzer: Solar Powered Refrigeration for Kenyan Dairy Farms</span><br/> ==
-In Kenya, 85 percent of dairy farms do not have access to refrigerated storage and transportation due to limited electrification in rural areas, leading to dramatic losses from milk spoilage. SunDanzer together with Winrock International have developed an affordable small-scale portable cooling system: the photovoltaic refrigerator (PVR) runs on solar energy and uses phase-change materials – substances capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy – and therefore needs no battery. Additionally, the innovators have developed milk can blankets to retain the temperature during transportation. 60 solar-powered milk cooling refrigerators have been installed so far in Kenya and two in Rwanda. Users of SunDanzer’s refrigerators have stated that the technology has delivered many benefits, including increased financial security for households, increased food preservation, and saved time. '''[https://poweringag.org/innovators/solar-powered-refrigeration-dairy-farms Read more…]'''<br/>
+In Kenya, 85 percent of dairy farms do not have access to refrigerated storage and transportation due to limited electrification in rural areas, leading to dramatic losses from milk spoilage. SunDanzer together with Winrock International have developed an affordable small-scale portable cooling system: the photovoltaic refrigerator (PVR) runs on solar energy and uses phase-change materials – substances capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy – and therefore needs no battery. Additionally, the innovators have developed milk can blankets to retain the temperature during transportation. 60 solar-powered milk cooling refrigerators have been installed so far in Kenya and two in Rwanda. Users of SunDanzer’s refrigerators have stated that the technology has delivered many benefits, including increased financial security for households, increased food preservation, and saved time. '''<span class="link3">[[SunDanzer: Solar-Powered Refrigeration for Kenyan Dairy Farms|Read more…]]</span>'''<br/>
 == <span style="color:#00A3AD">Reducing Milk Spoilage through Solar-Powered Chilling</span><br/> ==
-Perishable food worth of 10 billion US Dollars is wasted annually in India because of unreliable cold-chain supply networks. Especially in farming areas and villages, the lack of reliable electricity is a challenge for running refrigeration systems. With India being the largest consumer and producer of milk in the world, Promethean Power Systems together with Hatsun Agro and Orb Energy have developed a solar milk cooling system that uses an innovative thermal energy battery pack. Charging on intermittent power sources such as solar power and/or a few hours of grid electricity, it allows changing the local food situation considerably. '''[https://poweringag.org/innovators/reducing-milk-spoilage-through-solar-powered-chilling Read more…]'''<br/>
+Perishable food worth of 10 billion US Dollars is wasted annually in India because of unreliable cold-chain supply networks. Especially in farming areas and villages, the lack of reliable electricity is a challenge for running refrigeration systems. With India being the largest consumer and producer of milk in the world, Promethean Power Systems together with Hatsun Agro and Orb Energy have developed a solar milk cooling system that uses an innovative thermal energy battery pack. Charging on intermittent power sources such as solar power and/or a few hours of grid electricity, it allows changing the local food situation considerably. '''<span class="link3">[[Reducing Milk Spoilage through Solar Powered Milk Chilling|Read more…]]</span>'''<br/>
 = <span style="color:#00A3AD">Transportation</span><br/> =
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 == <span style="color:#00A3AD">Solar Milk Cooling with Insulated Milk Cans</span><br/> ==
-<span class="link3">Milk produced on small- to medium-scale farms is usually transported to milk collection facilities. The spoilage caused by bacterial growth during transportation due to warm temperatures leads to milk being refused by vendors. Secondly, many farmers do not sell their evening milk to the collection centres, as it cannot be stored adequately overnight. Instead, they sell the milk to neighbours or use it themselves. This can increase the on-farm losses and reduce income. The solar milk cooling system developed by the University of Hohenheim (Germany) uses solar energy for ice production. The produced ice is used to cool the milk by putting it into an ice-compartment of an insulated milk can. This system allows lower temperatures during transportation and overnight storage, increasing the farms production and income. On-field implementations have taken place in [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Tunisia|Tunisia]]&nbsp;(10 installed systems), [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Kenya|Kenya]]&nbsp;(4 installed systems), and [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Colombia|Colombia]]&nbsp;(also 4 installed systems). '''[https://poweringag.org/innovators/reducing-milk-spoilage-through-solar-powered-chilling Read more…]'''<br/>
+<span class="link3">Milk produced on small- to medium-scale farms is usually transported to milk collection facilities. The spoilage caused by bacterial growth during transportation due to warm temperatures leads to milk being refused by vendors. Secondly, many farmers do not sell their evening milk to the collection centres, as it cannot be stored adequately overnight. Instead, they sell the milk to neighbours or use it themselves. This can increase the on-farm losses and reduce income. The solar milk cooling system developed by the University of Hohenheim (Germany) uses solar energy for ice production. The produced ice is used to cool the milk by putting it into an ice-compartment of an insulated milk can. This system allows lower temperatures during transportation and overnight storage, increasing the farms production and income. On-field implementations have taken place in [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Tunisia|Tunisia]]&nbsp;(10 installed systems), [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Kenya|Kenya]]&nbsp;(4 installed systems), and [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Colombia|Colombia]]&nbsp;(also 4 installed systems). ''''[[Solar Milk Cooling with Insulated Milk Cans|Read more…]]</span>'''<br/>
 = <span style="color:#00A3AD">Energy production</span><br/> =
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 == <span style="color:#00A3AD">Costs and Benefits of Clean-Energy-Technologies in the Milk Value Chain</span><br/> ==
-Despite the importance of the milk sector for income generation among small-scale farmers in countries like [https://poweringag.org/docs/costs-benefits-clean-technologies-tanzania-s-milk-value-chain Tanzania], [https://poweringag.org/docs/costs-benefits-clean-technologies-kenya-s-milk-value-chain Kenya], and [https://poweringag.org/docs/costs-benefits-clean-technologies-tunisia-s-milk-value-chain Tunisia], only a reduced amount has access to extension services, which could improve their productivity. Raw milk is usually transported to milk collection facilities, where it is often rejected due to low quality, as it is not cooled during transportation. The lack of a reliable electricity grid hinders most rural households from using adequate refrigeration systems.<br/>
+<span class="link3">Despite the importance of the milk sector for income generation among small-scale farmers in countries like [[Media:Costs and Benefits of Clean Energy Technologies in Tanzania’s Milk Value Chain.pdf|Tanzania]], [[Media:Costs and Benefits of Clean Energy Technologies in Kenyas Milk Value Chain.pdf|Kenya]], and [[Media: Costs and Benefits of Clean Energy Technologies in Tunisia’s Milk Value Chain.pdf|Tunisia]], only a reduced amount has access to extension services, which could improve their productivity. Raw milk is usually transported to milk collection facilities, where it is often rejected due to low quality, as it is not cooled during transportation. The lack of a reliable electricity grid hinders most rural households from using adequate refrigeration systems.<br/></span>
 Cooling technologies can significantly improve milk quality and add value along the milk value chain. Since grid electricity does not reach many rural areas, off-grid renewable energy (RE) solutions to cool milk can be a viable option. Biogas domestic milk chillers and solar milk coolers are attractive from a financial point of view and have socio-economic and environmental net co-benefits. Policies, financing mechanisms and capacity building activities to facilitate the adoption of renewable energy cooling solutions for milk include: the development of a clear national strategy for the milk sector, strict milk quality standards and a price premium for quality refrigerated milk, the establishment of controls and fines against illegal milk commercialization, eradication of counterfeit RE products, financial incentives, extension services, technical assistance, information programmes and training. '''<span class="link3">[[:File:Costs and Benefits of Clean Energy Technologies in the Milk, Vegetable and Rice Value Chains.pdf|Read more ...]]</span>'''<br/>
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 [[Category:Biogas]]

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 Enhancing milk handling practices and raising awareness of milk-borne diseases can help reduce health risks. Cleaning the equipment and regular animal husbandry are crucial measures to reduce losses and provide a better quality of produce. Access to veterinary support, the appropriate fodder, and ensuring water availability for the cattle is essential to improve milk yields.<br/>
-Furthermore, introducing [[Sustainable Energy for Cooling|cooling]]&nbsp;facilities right after milking can reduce bacterial growth considerably. In fact, different technologies have been developed in order to provide an uninterrupted cooling chain until reaching the milk collection centres, reducing the amount of milk that is rejected, increasing farmers’ incomes and improving food security. Further, when cooling devices are run on renewable energy, they can be used off-grid and are climate-friendly, which eliminates additional costs from electricity supply. As initial upfront capital costs are often the main obstacles for adopting these innovative approaches, different financing options have been developed, enabling easy access to smallholder farmers.<ref>https://foodsafety.foodscience.cornell.edu/mqip/information-sheets/</ref><br/>
+<span class="link3">Furthermore, introducing [[Sustainable Energy for Cooling|cooling]]&nbsp;facilities right after milking can reduce bacterial growth considerably. In fact, different technologies have been developed in order to provide an uninterrupted cooling chain until reaching the milk collection centres, reducing the amount of milk that is rejected, increasing farmers’ incomes and improving food security. Further, when cooling devices are run on renewable energy, they can be used off-grid and are climate-friendly, which eliminates additional costs from electricity supply. As initial upfront capital costs are often the main obstacles for adopting these innovative approaches, different financing options have been developed, enabling easy access to smallholder farmers.<ref>https://foodsafety.foodscience.cornell.edu/mqip/information-sheets/</ref><br/>
 Increasing the energy efficiency in the dairy value chain implies using also its by-products. Cattle manure can be used for biogas production, which can generate heat for cooking, heating, band electricity – which in turn can power cooling systems and hence prevent spoilage of milk.<br/>
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 [[File:Milk Cooling Kenya VC graphic.pdf|thumb|center|600px|Milk Cooling Kenya Value Chain graphic]]<br/>
-The main barriers to upscale renewable energy solutions for cooling in milk value chains are the high upfront cost of technology combined with a lack of [[Financial Instruments and Financing for Sustainable Agrifood Systems|financing mechanisms]]&nbsp;for clean energy. A second barrier is the lack of awareness of available technology among farmers, dairies and cooperatives. The relevant [[Policies and Regulations for Sustainable Agrifood Systems|policies and regulations]]&nbsp;for food safety are not consistently enforced, and on informal markets, quality testing is not carried out. Besides temperature, other factors can affect the quality of the milk, like hygienic practices or poor animal handling tend to cause contamination soon after milking. This supports the argument for the deployment of other awareness raising efforts and of further clean energy solution in the value chain, such as [[Solar Power as Energy Source in Agrifood Systems|solar water heaters]]&nbsp;for equipment cleaning.<br/>
+<span class="link3">The main barriers to upscale renewable energy solutions for cooling in milk value chains are the high upfront cost of technology combined with a lack of [[Financial Instruments and Financing for Sustainable Agrifood Systems|financing mechanisms]]&nbsp;for clean energy. A second barrier is the lack of awareness of available technology among farmers, dairies and cooperatives. The relevant [[Policies and Regulations for Sustainable Agrifood Systems|policies and regulations]]&nbsp;for food safety are not consistently enforced, and on informal markets, quality testing is not carried out. Besides temperature, other factors can affect the quality of the milk, like hygienic practices or poor animal handling tend to cause contamination soon after milking. This supports the argument for the deployment of other awareness raising efforts and of further clean energy solution in the value chain, such as [[Solar Power as Energy Source in Agrifood Systems|solar water heaters]]&nbsp;for equipment cleaning.<br/>
 However, small dairies are less likely to have access to the knowledge and capital required to invest in modern technology for their cooling facilities and processing plants. Enhancing access to finance may allow to invest in [[Energy Efficiency in Agrifood Systems|energy efficient]] and clean energy solutions, which would lead to reduced costs, and increase farmers’ incomes. '''<span class="link3">[[Clean Energy Solutions for Milk Cooling in India and Kenya|Read more…]]</span>'''
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 == <span style="color:#00A3AD">Solar Milk Cooling with Insulated Milk Cans</span><br/> ==
-Milk produced on small- to medium-scale farms is usually transported to milk collection facilities. The spoilage caused by bacterial growth during transportation due to warm temperatures leads to milk being refused by vendors. Secondly, many farmers do not sell their evening milk to the collection centres, as it cannot be stored adequately overnight. Instead, they sell the milk to neighbours or use it themselves. This can increase the on-farm losses and reduce income. The solar milk cooling system developed by the University of Hohenheim (Germany) uses solar energy for ice production. The produced ice is used to cool the milk by putting it into an ice-compartment of an insulated milk can. This system allows lower temperatures during transportation and overnight storage, increasing the farms production and income. On-field implementations have taken place in [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Tunisia|Tunisia]]&nbsp;(10 installed systems), [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Kenya|Kenya]]&nbsp;(4 installed systems), and [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Colombia|Colombia]]&nbsp;(also 4 installed systems). '''[https://poweringag.org/innovators/reducing-milk-spoilage-through-solar-powered-chilling Read more…]'''<br/>
+<span class="link3">Milk produced on small- to medium-scale farms is usually transported to milk collection facilities. The spoilage caused by bacterial growth during transportation due to warm temperatures leads to milk being refused by vendors. Secondly, many farmers do not sell their evening milk to the collection centres, as it cannot be stored adequately overnight. Instead, they sell the milk to neighbours or use it themselves. This can increase the on-farm losses and reduce income. The solar milk cooling system developed by the University of Hohenheim (Germany) uses solar energy for ice production. The produced ice is used to cool the milk by putting it into an ice-compartment of an insulated milk can. This system allows lower temperatures during transportation and overnight storage, increasing the farms production and income. On-field implementations have taken place in [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Tunisia|Tunisia]]&nbsp;(10 installed systems), [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Kenya|Kenya]]&nbsp;(4 installed systems), and [[Hohenheim Milk Cooling System - Implementation in Colombia|Colombia]]&nbsp;(also 4 installed systems). '''[https://poweringag.org/innovators/reducing-milk-spoilage-through-solar-powered-chilling Read more…]'''<br/>
 = <span style="color:#00A3AD">Energy production</span><br/> =
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 == <span style="color:#00A3AD">Costs and Benefits of Clean Energy Technologies in the Milk, Vegetable and Rice Value Chains</span><br/> ==
-Building upon the report [[Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart|Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart]], a second report presents the economics related to the energetic transition aimed in sustainable agri-food systems. The report focuses three value chains and concentrates on key clean energy technologies. The costs, benefits, sustainability potentials and unintended impacts are analysed here at the intervention level (e.g. at famer or food processor level). A methodological approach has been developed to provide a sound and comprehensive cost-benefit analysis (CBA). It highlights hidden environmental and socio-economic costs of interventions, such as government-subsidized fossil fuel. The potentially added value of these technologies for different stakeholders is further considered using selected case. '''<span class="link3">[[Costs and Benefits of Clean Energy Technologies in the Milk, Vegetable and Rice Value Chains (INVESTA Project)|Read more…]]</span>'''
+<span class="link3">Building upon the report [[Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart|Opportunities for Agri-Food Chains to become Energy-Smart]], a second report presents the economics related to the energetic transition aimed in sustainable agri-food systems. The report focuses three value chains and concentrates on key clean energy technologies. The costs, benefits, sustainability potentials and unintended impacts are analysed here at the intervention level (e.g. at famer or food processor level). A methodological approach has been developed to provide a sound and comprehensive cost-benefit analysis (CBA). It highlights hidden environmental and socio-economic costs of interventions, such as government-subsidized fossil fuel. The potentially added value of these technologies for different stakeholders is further considered using selected case. '''<span class="link3">[[Costs and Benefits of Clean Energy Technologies in the Milk, Vegetable and Rice Value Chains (INVESTA Project)|Read more…]]</span>'''
 = <span style="color:#00A3AD">References</span><br/> =
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 <references />
 [[Category:Biogas]]

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 = Introduction<br/> =
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 <br/>
 [[Category:Biogas]]

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 Despite the importance of the milk sector for income generation among small-scale farmers in countries like [https://poweringag.org/docs/costs-benefits-clean-technologies-tanzania-s-milk-value-chain Tanzania], [https://poweringag.org/docs/costs-benefits-clean-technologies-kenya-s-milk-value-chain Kenya], and [https://poweringag.org/docs/costs-benefits-clean-technologies-tunisia-s-milk-value-chain Tunisia], only a reduced amount has access to extension services, which could improve their productivity. Raw milk is usually transported to milk collection facilities, where it is often rejected due to low quality, as it is not cooled during transportation. The lack of a reliable electricity grid hinders most rural households from using adequate refrigeration systems.<br/>
-Cooling technologies can significantly improve milk quality and add value along the milk value chain. Since grid electricity does not reach many rural areas, off-grid renewable energy (RE) solutions to cool milk can be a viable option. Biogas domestic milk chillers and solar milk coolers are attractive from a financial point of view and have socio-economic and environmental net co-benefits. Policies, financing mechanisms and capacity building activities to facilitate the adoption of renewable energy cooling solutions for milk include: the development of a clear national strategy for the milk sector, strict milk quality standards and a price premium for quality refrigerated milk, the establishment of controls and fines against illegal milk commercialization, eradication of counterfeit RE products, financial incentives, extension services, technical assistance, information programmes and training. [[:File:Costs_and_Benefits_of_Clean_Energy_Technologies_in_the_Milk,_Vegetable_and_Rice_Value_Chains.pdf|Read more ...]]<br/>
+Cooling technologies can significantly improve milk quality and add value along the milk value chain. Since grid electricity does not reach many rural areas, off-grid renewable energy (RE) solutions to cool milk can be a viable option. Biogas domestic milk chillers and solar milk coolers are attractive from a financial point of view and have socio-economic and environmental net co-benefits. Policies, financing mechanisms and capacity building activities to facilitate the adoption of renewable energy cooling solutions for milk include: the development of a clear national strategy for the milk sector, strict milk quality standards and a price premium for quality refrigerated milk, the establishment of controls and fines against illegal milk commercialization, eradication of counterfeit RE products, financial incentives, extension services, technical assistance, information programmes and training. [[:File:Costs and Benefits of Clean Energy Technologies in the Milk, Vegetable and Rice Value Chains.pdf|Read more ...]]<br/>
 <br/>
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 <p style="text-align: center;"><br/></p>
 = Conservation<br/> =
 == Clean Energy Solutions for Milk Cooling in India and Kenya<br/> ==
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 However, small dairies are less likely to have access to the knowledge and capital required to invest in modern technology for their cooling facilities and processing plants. Enhancing access to finance may allow to invest in [[Energy Efficiency in Agrifood Systems|energy efficient]] and clean energy solutions, which would lead to reduced costs, and increase farmers’ incomes. [[Clean Energy Solutions for Milk Cooling in India and Kenya|Read more…]]<br/>
 == Biogas Milk Chilling for Dairy Farmers<br/> ==
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 = Financial Viability<br/> =
 == Costs and Benefits of Clean-Energy-Technologies in the Milk Value Chain<br/> ==
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 Despite the importance of the milk sector for income generation among small-scale farmers in countries like [https://poweringag.org/docs/costs-benefits-clean-technologies-tanzania-s-milk-value-chain Tanzania], [https://poweringag.org/docs/costs-benefits-clean-technologies-kenya-s-milk-value-chain Kenya], and [https://poweringag.org/docs/costs-benefits-clean-technologies-tunisia-s-milk-value-chain Tunisia], only a reduced amount has access to extension services, which could improve their productivity. Raw milk is usually transported to milk collection facilities, where it is often rejected due to low quality, as it is not cooled during transportation. The lack of a reliable electricity grid hinders most rural households from using adequate refrigeration systems.<br/>
-Cooling technologies can significantly improve milk quality and add value along the milk value chain. Since grid electricity does not reach many rural areas, off-grid renewable energy (RE) solutions to cool milk can be a viable option. Biogas domestic milk chillers and solar milk coolers are attractive from a financial point of view and have socio-economic and environmental net co-benefits. Policies, financing mechanisms and capacity building activities to facilitate the adoption of renewable energy cooling solutions for milk include: the development of a clear national strategy for the milk sector, strict milk quality standards and a price premium for quality refrigerated milk, the establishment of controls and fines against illegal milk commercialization, eradication of counterfeit RE products, financial incentives, extension services, technical assistance, information programmes and training. [[File:Costs_and_Benefits_of_Clean_Energy_Technologies_in_the_Milk,_Vegetable_and_Rice_Value_Chains.pdf|Read more ...]]<br/>
+Cooling technologies can significantly improve milk quality and add value along the milk value chain. Since grid electricity does not reach many rural areas, off-grid renewable energy (RE) solutions to cool milk can be a viable option. Biogas domestic milk chillers and solar milk coolers are attractive from a financial point of view and have socio-economic and environmental net co-benefits. Policies, financing mechanisms and capacity building activities to facilitate the adoption of renewable energy cooling solutions for milk include: the development of a clear national strategy for the milk sector, strict milk quality standards and a price premium for quality refrigerated milk, the establishment of controls and fines against illegal milk commercialization, eradication of counterfeit RE products, financial incentives, extension services, technical assistance, information programmes and training. [[:File:Costs_and_Benefits_of_Clean_Energy_Technologies_in_the_Milk,_Vegetable_and_Rice_Value_Chains.pdf|Read more ...]]<br/>
 == Costs and Benefits of Clean Energy Technologies in the Milk, Vegetable and Rice Value Chains<br/> ==