Value Chains of Different Technologies - Revision history

Joanna Walther at 11:37, 11 April 2018

2018-04-11T11:37:53Z

Joanna Walther: /* Further information */

2018-03-30T17:04:52Z

‎Further information

Joanna Walther: /* References */

2018-03-30T17:03:16Z

‎References

Joanna Walther: /* ICS Value Chain */

2018-03-30T17:02:40Z

‎ICS Value Chain

Joanna Walther: /* ICS Value Chain */

2018-03-30T17:00:46Z

‎ICS Value Chain

Joanna Walther: /* Mini-Grid Value Chain */

2018-03-30T16:59:03Z

‎Mini-Grid Value Chain

Joanna Walther: /* SHS Value Chain */

2018-03-30T16:57:54Z

‎SHS Value Chain

Joanna Walther: /* PicoPV Value Chain */

2018-03-30T16:56:50Z

‎PicoPV Value Chain

Joanna Walther: /* Value chain vs. supply chain */

2018-03-30T16:52:26Z

‎Value chain vs. supply chain

Joanna Walther: /* Value chain vs. supply chain */

2018-03-30T16:51:52Z

‎Value chain vs. supply chain

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview =
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 Each product has its own value chain. Different types of distribution channels make value chains vary and they range from very complex interlinkages to simple straightforward strings of players.
+<br/>
 = The Product Value Chain =
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 However, it can also be defined as several operators (companies) involved in the production, distributing and selling of a specific product. Bringing the product from the primary producer to the end consumer through business transactions and thus constituting a value chain or value system, also referred to as market chain.<ref name="GTZ, n.d.. ValueLinks Manual – The Methodology of Value Chain Promotion – First Edition. http://www2.giz.de/wbf/4tDx9kw63gma/ValueLinks_Manual.pdf">GTZ, n.d.. ValueLinks Manual – The Methodology of Value Chain Promotion – First Edition. http://www2.giz.de/wbf/4tDx9kw63gma/ValueLinks_Manual.pdf</ref>
-&nbsp;[[File:The Value Chain and Value System (Porter 1991)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 1. The Value Chain and Value System (Porter 1991).]]<span style="font-size: 0.85em;">&nbsp;</span>
+&nbsp;[[File:The Value Chain and Value System (Porter 1991)..png|thumb|center|720px|Figure 1. The Value Chain and Value System (Porter 1991).]]<span style="font-size: 0.85em;">&nbsp;</span>
-−
 == Value chain vs. supply chain ==
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 [[File:Value Chain and Supply Chain (Reddy Amarender 2013)..PNG|thumb|center|720px|Figure 2. Value Chain and Supply Chain (Reddy Amarender 2013).]]<br/>
 = Different Renewable Energy Technology Value Chains<br/> =
 == Value Chains of Different Solar Systems&nbsp; ==
 === PicoPV Value Chain&nbsp; ===
@@ Line 45: / Line 46: @@
 However, in markets that have been existent for some years and have evolved you can find several different distribution models in parallel ranging from one extreme (limited number of actors along the value chain) to the other (high number of actors along the value chain).<ref name="EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf">EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf</ref>
-[[File:Figure 1. Integrated supply chain model (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 3. Integrated supply chain model (EUEI PDF 2015).]]<br/>
+[[File:Figure 1. Integrated supply chain model (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720px|Figure 3. Integrated supply chain model (EUEI PDF 2015).]]<br/>
-[[File:Figure 2. Distribution dealer model (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 4. Distribution dealer model (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
+[[File:Figure 2. Distribution dealer model (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720px|Figure 4. Distribution dealer model (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
 &nbsp;
+<br/>
 === SHS Value Chain ===
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 However, for [[Solar Home Systems (SHS)|Solar Homes Systems (SHS)]]&nbsp;there is also a third business model called the “[[Fee-For-Service or Pay-As-You-Go Concepts for Photovoltaic Systems|fee-for-service model]]”. Here the systems are not owned by the end consumer, but remain property of the company. This means the SHS are “lent” to the end consumers and similar to the mini-grid electricity model they only buy the produced electricity from the company.<ref name="EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf">EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf</ref>
-[[File:Fee-for-service business model (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 5. Fee-for-service business model (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
+[[File:Fee-for-service business model (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720px|Figure 5. Fee-for-service business model (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
 <br/>
+<br/>
 === Mini-Grid Value Chain ===
@@ Line 95: / Line 96: @@
 In the Hybrid Operator Model several features of the three preceding models are integrated. Different entities can carry out financing, ownership and operation.<ref name="EUEI PDF, 2014. Mini-grid Policy Toolkit – Policy and Business Frameworks for Successful Mini-grid Roll-outs. http://www.minigridpolicytoolkit.euei-pdf.org/policy-toolkit">EUEI PDF, 2014. Mini-grid Policy Toolkit – Policy and Business Frameworks for Successful Mini-grid Roll-outs. http://www.minigridpolicytoolkit.euei-pdf.org/policy-toolkit</ref>
-[[File:Public-private mini-gird electricity model (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 6. Public-private mini-gird electricity model (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
+[[File:Public-private mini-gird electricity model (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720px|Figure 6. Public-private mini-gird electricity model (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
 <br/>
+<br/>
 == ICS Value Chain ==
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 In local decentralised production the stove manufacturer provides one or several stove distributers with ICS who then sells them on to NGOs/CBOs or local wholesalers. Through the wholesalers or the organisations, the product then gets to the end user (Figure 8).
-[[File:Local decentralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 8. Local decentralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
+[[File:Local decentralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720px|Figure 8. Local decentralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
 <span style="font-size: 0.85em;">&nbsp;</span><br/>
@@ Line 130: / Line 132: @@
 Here the ICS is produced in large numbers in other countries and imported. It is either assembled already or imported in pieces and ready to be put together locally. Commonly several value chain actors are involved in the distribution. From national retail chains (e.g. supermarkets or MFIs) to local vendors and shops (Figure 9).<ref name="EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf">EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf</ref>
-[[File:International manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 9. International manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).]]<br/>
+[[File:International manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720px|Figure 9. International manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).]]<br/>
 == Micro-Hydro-Power Value Chain ==
@@ Line 141: / Line 144: @@
 If you have current information on Biogas Value Chains, please feel free to add here.
+<br/>
 = Further information =
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 [http://www2.giz.de/wbf/4tDx9kw63gma/ValueLinks_Manual.pdf Value chain promotion: economic development from a value chain perspective]
-[[Income_of_Actors_in_the_Value_Chain_of_Different_Technologies|Income of actors in the value chain of different technologies]]<br/>
+[[Income of Actors in the Value Chain of Different Technologies|Income of actors in the value chain of different technologies]]<br/>
 = References =
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 &nbsp;

@@ Line 140: / Line 140: @@
 If you have current information on Biogas Value Chains, please feel free to add here.
@@ Line 146: / Line 147: @@
 [http://www2.giz.de/wbf/4tDx9kw63gma/ValueLinks_Manual.pdf Value chain promotion: economic development from a value chain perspective]
+[[Income_of_Actors_in_the_Value_Chain_of_Different_Technologies|Income of actors in the value chain of different technologies]]<br/>

@@ Line 145: / Line 145: @@
 [http://www2.giz.de/wbf/4tDx9kw63gma/ValueLinks_Manual.pdf Value chain promotion: economic development from a value chain perspective]
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 &nbsp;
 &nbsp;

@@ Line 98: / Line 98: @@
 <br/>
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 ICS are designed and manufactured according to local household needs. They are distributed and sold directly to the end customer by the manufacturing company. However, in some cases the producer leaves retail to CBOs/NGOs or local wholesalers who then sell it to households, private companies or public sector (Figure 7).
-[[File:Local centralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 7. Local centralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
+[[File:Local centralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720px|Figure 7. Local centralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
 <span style="font-size: 0.85em;">&nbsp;</span><br/>
@@ Line 121: / Line 122: @@
 In local decentralised production the stove manufacturer provides one or several stove distributers with ICS who then sells them on to NGOs/CBOs or local wholesalers. Through the wholesalers or the organisations, the product then gets to the end user (Figure 8).
-Figure 8. Local decentralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).
+[[File:Local decentralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 8. Local decentralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
-&nbsp;
+<span style="font-size: 0.85em;">&nbsp;</span><br/>
 *'''International manufacturing'''
@@ Line 129: / Line 130: @@
 Here the ICS is produced in large numbers in other countries and imported. It is either assembled already or imported in pieces and ready to be put together locally. Commonly several value chain actors are involved in the distribution. From national retail chains (e.g. supermarkets or MFIs) to local vendors and shops (Figure 9).<ref name="EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf">EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf</ref>
-[[File:International manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 8. Local decentralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
+[[File:International manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 9. International manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).]]<br/>
-−
 <br/>

@@ Line 98: / Line 98: @@
 <br/>
 == ICS Value Chain ==
-There are three different forms of the [[Portal:Improved_Cooking|Improved Cookstoves (ICS)]]&nbsp;market or value chain.
+There are three different forms of the [[Portal:Improved Cooking|Improved Cookstoves (ICS)]]&nbsp;market or value chain.
 ICS are either produced internationally or in the country itself. Further, if nationally manufactured they can either be manufactured in one place and distributed countrywide or they can be produced in several locations of the country.
@@ Line 112: / Line 113: @@
 ICS are designed and manufactured according to local household needs. They are distributed and sold directly to the end customer by the manufacturing company. However, in some cases the producer leaves retail to CBOs/NGOs or local wholesalers who then sell it to households, private companies or public sector (Figure 7).
-&nbsp;
+[[File:Local centralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 7. Local centralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
-Figure 7. Local centralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).
+<span style="font-size: 0.85em;">&nbsp;</span><br/>
-−
 &nbsp;
 *'''Local decentralised manufacturing'''
@@ Line 130: / Line 129: @@
 Here the ICS is produced in large numbers in other countries and imported. It is either assembled already or imported in pieces and ready to be put together locally. Commonly several value chain actors are involved in the distribution. From national retail chains (e.g. supermarkets or MFIs) to local vendors and shops (Figure 9).<ref name="EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf">EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf</ref>
-&nbsp;
+[[File:International manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 8. Local decentralised manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
-Figure 9. International manufacturing (EUEI PDF 2015).
+<br/>
 == Micro-Hydro-Power Value Chain ==

@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 <br/>
 === Mini-Grid Value Chain ===
-In the [[Category:Mini-grid|Mini-Grid]]&nbsp;value chain there can be wide range of actors also depending on the organisational structure behind the implementation and operation of the grid. The actors providing operational services are importers, producers and assemblers, retailers, supplier and installers. Supporting actors of this value chain are project developers, power companies and financial institutions. Furthermore, companies tasked with operation and maintenance of the system as well as consultants contribute to the value added.<ref name="Mali, S. et al, 2016. Value Chain Analysis of the Solar PV Market in Pakistan. https://www.solarwirtschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BSW_VCA_Report_Final.pdf">Mali, S. et al, 2016. Value Chain Analysis of the Solar PV Market in Pakistan. https://www.solarwirtschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BSW_VCA_Report_Final.pdf</ref>
+In the&nbsp;value chain there can be wide range of actors also depending on the organisational structure behind the implementation and operation of the grid. The actors providing operational services are importers, producers and assemblers, retailers, supplier and installers. Supporting actors of this value chain are project developers, power companies and financial institutions. Furthermore, companies tasked with operation and maintenance of the system as well as consultants contribute to the value added.<ref name="Mali, S. et al, 2016. Value Chain Analysis of the Solar PV Market in Pakistan. https://www.solarwirtschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BSW_VCA_Report_Final.pdf">Mali, S. et al, 2016. Value Chain Analysis of the Solar PV Market in Pakistan. https://www.solarwirtschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BSW_VCA_Report_Final.pdf</ref>
 In the different types of operator models different value chain actors can be found.
@@ Line 74: / Line 75: @@
 *'''Private Sector'''<br/>
-''''''In this operator model a private company plans, constructs, manages and operates the [[Category:Mini-grid|mini-grid]]&nbsp;system. However, in most of cases the government must provide financial support.
+''''''In this operator model a private company plans, constructs, manages and operates the&nbsp;system. However, in most of cases the government must provide financial support.
 &nbsp;
@@ Line 80: / Line 81: @@
 *'''Government/Utility'''
-Here the authorities develop the programmes which are then implemented by utilities. The implementing utility are either private or public. The funding is provided by the government whilst the utility holds the responsibility for all operations of the [[Category:Mini-grid|mini-grids]].
+Here the authorities develop the programmes which are then implemented by utilities. The implementing utility are either private or public. The funding is provided by the government whilst the utility holds the responsibility for all operations of the.
 &nbsp;
@@ Line 86: / Line 87: @@
 *'''Community-led'''
-In this case the [[Category:Mini-grid|mini-grid]]&nbsp;system is property of the local community which is also responsible for its operation and management. Since local communities seldom have financial management know-how and technical skills they rely on private companies for the development and implementation of the [[Category:Mini-grid|mini-grids]]. Furthermore, funding is granted by private and/or public entities.
+In this case the&nbsp;system is property of the local community which is also responsible for its operation and management. Since local communities seldom have financial management know-how and technical skills they rely on private companies for the development and implementation of the. Furthermore, funding is granted by private and/or public entities.
 &nbsp;
@@ Line 94: / Line 95: @@
 In the Hybrid Operator Model several features of the three preceding models are integrated. Different entities can carry out financing, ownership and operation.<ref name="EUEI PDF, 2014. Mini-grid Policy Toolkit – Policy and Business Frameworks for Successful Mini-grid Roll-outs. http://www.minigridpolicytoolkit.euei-pdf.org/policy-toolkit">EUEI PDF, 2014. Mini-grid Policy Toolkit – Policy and Business Frameworks for Successful Mini-grid Roll-outs. http://www.minigridpolicytoolkit.euei-pdf.org/policy-toolkit</ref>
-&nbsp;
+[[File:Public-private mini-gird electricity model (EUEI PDF 2015)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 6. Public-private mini-gird electricity model (EUEI PDF 2015).]]
-&nbsp;
+<br/>
-−
-&nbsp;
 == ICS Value Chain ==

@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 &nbsp;
 === SHS Value Chain ===
-In the production and sales of [[Solar_Home_Systems_(SHS)|Solar Home Systems (SHS)]]&nbsp;there are three different types of distribution models. The first two are identical to the distribution dealer model and the integrated supply chain model for [[Features_of_PicoPV_Systems|PicoPV systems]].
+In the production and sales of [[Solar Home Systems (SHS)|Solar Home Systems (SHS)]]&nbsp;there are three different types of distribution models. The first two are identical to the distribution dealer model and the integrated supply chain model for [[Features of PicoPV Systems|PicoPV systems]].
 The distribution dealer model has several companies taking part in manufacturing, distributing and retailing of the SHS. The integrated supply chain model only has one company producing and distributing the product up to selling it to the end user.
-However, for [[Solar_Home_Systems_(SHS)|Solar Homes Systems (SHS)]]&nbsp;there is also a third business model called the “[[Fee-For-Service_or_Pay-As-You-Go_Concepts_for_Photovoltaic_Systems|fee-for-service model]]”. Here the systems are not owned by the end consumer, but remain property of the company. This means the SHS are “lent” to the end consumers and similar to the mini-grid electricity model they only buy the produced electricity from the company.<ref name="EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf">EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf</ref>
+However, for [[Solar Home Systems (SHS)|Solar Homes Systems (SHS)]]&nbsp;there is also a third business model called the “[[Fee-For-Service or Pay-As-You-Go Concepts for Photovoltaic Systems|fee-for-service model]]”. Here the systems are not owned by the end consumer, but remain property of the company. This means the SHS are “lent” to the end consumers and similar to the mini-grid electricity model they only buy the produced electricity from the company.<ref name="EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf">EUEI PDF, 2015. Building Energy Access Markets – A Value Chain Analysis of Key Energy Market Systems. http://www.euei-pdf.org/sites/default/files/field_publication_file/150907_euei_value-chain_en_rz_03_web.pdf</ref>
-&nbsp;
+<br/>
 === Mini-Grid Value Chain ===

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 &nbsp;[[File:The Value Chain and Value System (Porter 1991)..png|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 1. The Value Chain and Value System (Porter 1991).]]<span style="font-size: 0.85em;">&nbsp;</span>
@@ Line 24: / Line 25: @@
 == Value chain vs. supply chain ==
-Value and supply chain are often falsely used as synonyms. However, there is a substantial difference between these two models. The supply chain refers to production and logistics and less to market development. Thus, describing the concept of the process of transferring a commodity from one link to the next in the chain. On the other hand, a value chain illustrates the value-adding steps throughout the whole life cycle of a product. In the value chain concept, the chain and its links are examined from a different angle and it follows a more bottom-up approach. The intention is to provide the maximum value to the end-consumer at minimal total cost. Value is increased on each step by different stakeholders ultimately creating the end-value of the product. The value chain extends even further than the supply chain and includes all stages from material sourcing and production up to consumption, disposal and recycling of the product making the supply chain a subgroup of the value chain.
+Value and supply chain are often falsely used as synonyms. However, there is a substantial difference between these two models. The supply chain refers to production and logistics and less to market development. Thus, describing the concept of the process of transferring a commodity from one link to the next in the chain. On the other hand, a value chain illustrates the value-adding steps throughout the whole life cycle of a product. In the value chain concept, the chain and its links are examined from a different angle and it follows a more bottom-up approach. The intention is to provide the maximum value to the end-consumer at minimal total cost. Value is increased on each step by different stakeholders ultimately creating the end-value of the product. The value chain extends even further than the supply chain and includes all stages from material sourcing and production up to consumption, disposal and recycling of the product making the supply chain a subgroup of the value chain.<ref name="Reddy Amarender A., 2013. Training Manual on Value Chain Analysis of Dryland Agricultural Commodities. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). 88 pp. http://oar.icrisat.org/6888/1/Reddy_a_Train_Manual_2013.pdf">Reddy Amarender A., 2013. Training Manual on Value Chain Analysis of Dryland Agricultural Commodities. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). 88 pp. http://oar.icrisat.org/6888/1/Reddy_a_Train_Manual_2013.pdf</ref>
-[[File:Value Chain and Supply Chain (Reddy Amarender 2013)..PNG|thumb|center|720pxpx|Figure 2. Value Chain and Supply Chain (Reddy Amarender 2013).]]<br/>
+[[File:Value Chain and Supply Chain (Reddy Amarender 2013)..PNG|thumb|center|720px|Figure 2. Value Chain and Supply Chain (Reddy Amarender 2013).]]<br/>