Wind Turbine Technology - Revision history

Fungai Cecilia Sandamu at 14:46, 8 October 2014

2014-10-08T14:46:44Z

Show changes

Ranisha at 12:52, 29 August 2014

2014-08-29T12:52:21Z

Ranisha at 15:18, 12 August 2014

2014-08-12T15:18:06Z

Ranisha at 15:05, 11 August 2014

2014-08-11T15:05:05Z

Ranisha at 11:11, 1 August 2014

2014-08-01T11:11:06Z

Harpreet Singh Dhir: /* Basic Theory */

2014-02-19T14:58:45Z

‎Basic Theory

Harpreet Singh Dhir at 14:57, 19 February 2014

2014-02-19T14:57:59Z

Harpreet Singh Dhir at 14:56, 19 February 2014

2014-02-19T14:56:55Z

Harpreet Singh Dhir at 14:55, 19 February 2014

2014-02-19T14:55:52Z

Harpreet Singh Dhir at 14:55, 19 February 2014

2014-02-19T14:55:13Z

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 Betz Theory is the maximum possible Cp=16/27 which means 59% efficiency is the best a conventional wind turbine can do in extracting power from the wind.<br/>
-[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Aerodynamics<br/> ===
-[[File:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics.jpg|frame|center|180px|Aerodynamics of a wind turbine blade]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> [[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[File:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics.jpg|frame|center|180px|Aerodynamics of a wind turbine blade]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> [[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Stall ===
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 Power of the wind turbine is limited additionally by decreasing the pitch angle (increasing the inflow angle ).
-[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Pitch<br/> ===
@@ Line 61: / Line 61: @@
 *Power of the wind turbine is limited by increasing the pitch angle (decreasing the inflow angle <span class="texhtml">α</span>)
-[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == Wind Turbine Operation<br/> ==
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 *In case of large wind speeds: Power limited by aerodynamic profile.
-[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Operation of Variable Speed Wind-Turbines<br/> ===
@@ Line 96: / Line 96: @@
 <ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
-[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == Generator Concepts<br/> ==
@@ Line 102: / Line 102: @@
 [[File:Overview Wind generator concepts.jpg|frame|center|180px|Overview Wind generator concepts.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
-[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Fixed Speed Induction Generator<br/> ===
@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 Only fix speed operation possible (stall control required)<br/>• Reactive power compensation required<br/>• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:<br/>– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)<br/>– STATCOMs<br/>• Risk of dynamic voltage collapse<br/>GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany<br/>y g p<br/>– > Typically, wind generators based on induction generators are asked to<br/>disconnect in case of voltage dips<br/>
-[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance<br/> ===
@@ Line 118: / Line 118: @@
 Simple concept for variable speed operation.<br/>• Reactive power compensation required.<br/>• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:<br/>– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)<br/>– STATCOMs<br/>• Limited LVRT capability. Dynamic voltage collapse problems have to<br/>GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany<br/>be mitigated by:<br/>– Fast increase of rotor resistance during faults<br/>– Additional reactive power compensation devices (typically TSCs)
-[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Doubly-Fed Induction Generator<br/> ===
-[[File:Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg|frame|center|180px|Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>[[File:Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg|frame|center|180px|Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> [[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[File:Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg|frame|center|180px|Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>[[File:Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg|frame|center|180px|Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> [[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Generator with Fully Rated Converter ===
-[[File:Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg|frame|center|180px|Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> [[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[File:Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg|frame|center|180px|Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> [[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Generator with Fully Rated Converter and Direct Drive<br/> ===
@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 [[File:Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg|frame|center|180px|Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
-[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 === Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box<br/> ===
@@ Line 138: / Line 138: @@
 [[File:Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg|frame|center|180px|Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
-[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == Further Information ==
 *[[Small-Scale Wind|Small scale wind turbine]]<br/>
 *[[Steffturbine - Hydropower Turbine|Steffturbine - Hydropower Turbine]]<br/>
-[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#toc|►Go to Top]]
 == References ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 = Overview =
@@ Line 30: / Line 32: @@
 <br/>
-Betz Theory is the maximum possible Cp=16/27 which means 59% efficiency is the best a conventional wind turbine can do in extracting power from the wind.
+Betz Theory is the maximum possible Cp=16/27 which means 59% efficiency is the best a conventional wind turbine can do in extracting power from the wind.<br/>
 === Aerodynamics<br/> ===
-[[File:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics.jpg|frame|center|180px|Aerodynamics of a wind turbine blade]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
+[[File:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics.jpg|frame|center|180px|Aerodynamics of a wind turbine blade]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> [[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 === Stall ===
@@ Line 48: / Line 52: @@
 Power of the wind turbine is limited additionally by decreasing the pitch angle (increasing the inflow angle ).
-<br/>
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 === Pitch<br/> ===
@@ Line 57: / Line 61: @@
 *Power of the wind turbine is limited by increasing the pitch angle (decreasing the inflow angle <span class="texhtml">α</span>)
-<br/>
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 == Wind Turbine Operation<br/> ==
@@ Line 68: / Line 72: @@
 *In case of large wind speeds: Power limited by aerodynamic profile.
-<br/>
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 === Operation of Variable Speed Wind-Turbines<br/> ===
@@ Line 91: / Line 95: @@
 <ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
 == Generator Concepts<br/> ==
 [[File:Overview Wind generator concepts.jpg|frame|center|180px|Overview Wind generator concepts.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
 === Fixed Speed Induction Generator<br/> ===
@@ Line 100: / Line 108: @@
 [[File:Fixed speed induction generator.jpg|frame|center|180px|Fixed speed induction generator.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
-Only fix speed operation possible (stall control required)<br/>• Reactive power compensation required<br/>• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:<br/>– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)<br/>– STATCOMs<br/>• Risk of dynamic voltage collapse<br/>GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany<br/>y g p<br/>– > Typically, wind generators based on induction generators are asked to<br/>disconnect in case of voltage dips
+Only fix speed operation possible (stall control required)<br/>• Reactive power compensation required<br/>• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:<br/>– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)<br/>– STATCOMs<br/>• Risk of dynamic voltage collapse<br/>GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany<br/>y g p<br/>– > Typically, wind generators based on induction generators are asked to<br/>disconnect in case of voltage dips<br/>
 === Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance<br/> ===
@@ Line 108: / Line 118: @@
 Simple concept for variable speed operation.<br/>• Reactive power compensation required.<br/>• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:<br/>– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)<br/>– STATCOMs<br/>• Limited LVRT capability. Dynamic voltage collapse problems have to<br/>GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany<br/>be mitigated by:<br/>– Fast increase of rotor resistance during faults<br/>– Additional reactive power compensation devices (typically TSCs)
-<br/>
+[[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 === Doubly-Fed Induction Generator<br/> ===
-[[File:Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg|frame|center|180px|Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>[[File:Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg|frame|center|180px|Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
+[[File:Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg|frame|center|180px|Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>[[File:Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg|frame|center|180px|Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> [[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 === Generator with Fully Rated Converter ===
-[[File:Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg|frame|center|180px|Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
+[[File:Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg|frame|center|180px|Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref> [[Wind_Turbine_Technology#Overview|►Go to Top]]
 === Generator with Fully Rated Converter and Direct Drive<br/> ===
 [[File:Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg|frame|center|180px|Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
 === Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box<br/> ===
 [[File:Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg|frame|center|180px|Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
 == Further Information ==
 *[[Portal:Wind|Wind Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
-*[[Small-Scale_Wind|Small scale wind turbine]]<br/>
+*[[Small-Scale Wind|Small scale wind turbine]]<br/>
-*[[Steffturbine_-_Hydropower_Turbine|Steffturbine - Hydropower Turbine]]<br/>
+*[[Steffturbine - Hydropower Turbine|Steffturbine - Hydropower Turbine]]<br/>
 == References ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Revision|(PLEASE HELP TO FILL THIS ARTICLE WITH MORE INFORMATION.).}}
+= Overview =
-<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0)"></span>
+A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power<ref name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine</ref>.The role of wind turbines is to extract energy from wind and convert it to electrical energy. This extraction is subjected to certain limitations represented by Betz’s limit which is the maximum energy possible to convert kinetic energy into mechanical energy without any losses<ref name="J. F. Manwell, J. G. McGowan and A. L. Rogers. WIND ENERGY; Theory, Design and Application. United Kingdom : John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009">J. F. Manwell, J. G. McGowan and A. L. Rogers. WIND ENERGY; Theory, Design and Application. United Kingdom : John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009</ref>.
-−
-== Introduction<br/> ==
-−
-<span style="font-size: 0.85em;">A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power</span><ref name="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine</ref>.<span style="font-size: 0.85em;">The role of wind turbines is to extract energy from wind and convert it to electrical energy. This extraction is subjected to certain limitations represented by Betz’s limit which is the maximum energy possible to convert kinetic energy into mechanical energy without any losses<ref name="J. F. Manwell, J. G. McGowan and A. L. Rogers. WIND ENERGY; Theory, Design and Application. United Kingdom : John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009">J. F. Manwell, J. G. McGowan and A. L. Rogers. WIND ENERGY; Theory, Design and Application. United Kingdom : John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2009</ref>.</span>
-−
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 <br/>
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 [[File:Wind turbine limitation.png|left|450px|Power coefficients of different rotors of different designs|alt=Power coefficients of different rotors of different designs]]<br/>
-<br/>
+Turbine Power output can can be expressed as follows:
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-Turbine Power output can can be expressed as follows:<br/>
-<span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 0.85em;">P= ½ * ρ* A * v³* Cp</span>
+P= ½ * ρ* A * v³* Cp
 where ρ is density of air, A is the area swept by rotor and v is the velocity of wind.
-<span style="line-height: 1.5em; font-size: 0.85em;">The extracted power is then converted into electrical power and is defined as:</span>
+The extracted power is then converted into electrical power and is defined as:
 P=VI
@@ Line 84: / Line 40: @@
 [[File:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - stall control.jpg|frame|center|180px|Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - stall control]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
-<u>Stall Control</u>:
+<u>Stall Control:</u>
+*Passive Stall
-Passive Stall
+<u>Active Stall</u>
-−
-Power of the wind turbine is limited by the aerodynamic characteristics of the turbine.
-−
-−
 Active Stall
 Power of the wind turbine is limited additionally by decreasing the pitch angle (increasing the inflow angle ).
@@ Line 104: / Line 56: @@
 <u>Pitch Control:</u>
 *Power of the wind turbine is limited by increasing the pitch angle (decreasing the inflow angle <span class="texhtml">α</span>)
 <br/>
@@ Line 180: / Line 128: @@
 == Further Information ==
-*[[Portal:Wind|wind portal on energypedia]]<br/>
+*[[Portal:Wind|Wind Portal on energypedia]]<br/>
 *[[Small-Scale_Wind|Small scale wind turbine]]<br/>
 == References ==
 <references />
 [[Category:Wind]]

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 <br/>
 == Basic Theory ==
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 <br/>
 == Wind Turbine Operation<br/> ==
@@ Line 175: / Line 177: @@
 [[File:Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg|frame|center|180px|Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
 == References ==

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 <br/>
 == Basic Theory ==
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 [[File:Wind turbine limitation.png|left|450px|Power coefficients of different rotors of different designs|alt=Power coefficients of different rotors of different designs]]<br/>
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 <br/>
 == Wind Turbine Operation<br/> ==

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		+
		+	<br/>

	<br/>		<br/>