Revision as of 13:47, 31 August 2015

1 Overview
2 Electricity Access
3 Access to Clean Cooking Energy
4 Mortality from Household Air Pollution
- 4.1 Total Deaths by Region (absolute numbers)
- 4.2 Deaths Attributable to HAP by Age and Sex
5 Necessary Investment for Universal Access to Modern Energy Services
6 Further Information
7 References

Overview

In the article at hand energy access and investment needs figures from various sources, published at different times, are summarized. This article is only meant to give a rough overview of existing reliable sources concerning energy access for electricity and cooking energy and investment needed to provide universal access to energy, on a worldwide and regional scale. The presented sources use different input data, different methodologies and different regional aggregates for their calculations and estimates, thus a comparison of calculation and estimation outcomes is difficult and is beyond the scope of this article. In order to enable the access of the original data, in the last section of this article, all the covered sources are declared.

Electricity Access

Lack of Access to Electricity Worldwide (Absolute Numbers)

Source	Present	Future
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Global Energy Assessment (IIASA GEA 2012)^[1]	2010 - 1.4 billion
International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook (IEA WEO) 2013^[2]	2011 – 1.257 billion	2030 – 969 million
IEA WEO 2014^[3]	2012 - 1, 285 billion
IEA WEO 2012^[4]	2010 - 1.267 billion	2030 - 991 million
IEA WEO 2011^[5]	2009 - 1.317 billion	2030 – 1,036 million
Practical Action 2012^[6]	2009/2010 - 1.5 billion	2030 - 900 million
United National General Assembly (UN GA) 2010^[7]	2009/2010 – 1.5 billion
World Health Orgnaisation (WHO) 2009^[8]	2009 - 1.5 billion
UN Secretary-General´s Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change (AGECC) 2010^[9]	2009 - About 1.5 billion

Lack of Access to Electricity Regional (Absolute Numbers)

Source

Sub-Saharan Africa

Developing Asia

Latin America

IEA WEO 2014 ^[3]

622 mio

2040

530 mio

2012

620 mio

2012

23 mio

IEA WEO 2013

2011

599 mio

2030

645 mio

2011

615 mio

2030

324 mio

2011

24 mio

2030

0 mio

IEA WEO 2012

2010

589 mio

2030

655 mio

2010

628 mio

2030

334 mio

2010

29 mio

2030

0 mio

IEA WEO 2011

2009

586 mio

2030

645 mio

2009

675 mio

2030

376 mio

2009

31 mio

2030

10 mio

Access to Electricity Worldwide (% of Population)

Source	Present			Future
United Nations Sustainable Energy for All (UN SE4All) 2013^[10]	Total 2010: 83%	Rural 2010: 70%	Urban 2010: 95%
University Denver, Paterns of Potential Human Progress (PPHP) 2013^[11]	Total 2010: 78%			Total 2035: 89%	Total 2060: 95%
IEA WEO 2012	Total 2010: 81%			Total 2030: 88%
UN Energy	Total: 72% (?)
IEA WEO 2014^[3]	Total 2012: 82%

Access to Electricity Regional (% of Population)

Source		Africa		Asia		Latin America
UN SE4All 2013	Total	Sub-Saharan 32% North Africa 99%		Caucasus a Central 100% East Asia 98% Oceania 25% South Asia 75% South East Asia 88% West Asia 91%		Latin America and Caribbean 95%
	Rural	Sub-Saharan 14% North Africa 99%		Caucasus a Central 99% East Asia 97% Oceania 14% South Asia 67% South East Asia 80% West Asia 78%		Latin America and Caribbean 84%
	Urban	Sub-Saharan 63% North Africa 100%		Caucasus a Central 100% East Asia 98% Oceania 65% South Asia 94% South East Asia 97% West Asia 97%		Latin America and Caribbean 98%
		Sub-Saharan Africa		Developing Asia		Latin America
IEA WEO 2014^[3]		2012 32%	2040	2012 83%		2012 95%
IEA WEO 2012		2010 32%	2030 52%	2010 82%	2030 92%	2010 94%	2030 100%
IEA WEO 2011		2009 31%	2030 51%	2009 81%	2030 91%	2009 93%	2030 98%

Access to Clean Cooking Energy

► Facts on Cooking Energy

People Relying on Traditional Biomass Worldwide (Absolute Numbers)

Source	Present	Future
IEA WEO 2014^[3]	2,679 mio

Source

Present

Future

IEA WEO 2013

2011 – 2.642 billion¹

2030 – 2.524 billion

IEA WEO 2012

2010 - 2.588 billion

2030 - 2.595 billion

IEA WEO 2011

2009 – 2.662 billion

2030 – 2.715 billion

IIASA GEA 2012

2009 about 2.7 billion

(Based on IEA 2010)

Practical Action 2012

2010 – nearly 3 billion

2030 – 3 billion

Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves (GACC)^[12]

2009 (solid fuels) about 3 billion

WHO 2011^[13]

2009 (solid fuels) about 3 billion

UN Energy^[14]

2013 (solid fuels) about 3 billion

AGECC 2010

2009 (solid fuels) appr. 3 billion

UN GA 2010

2009/2010 - 3 billion

¹ Increased number of people relying on traditional use of biomass (from WEO 2012 to WEO 2013) is caused by population number upward revision for India.

Cooking with Traditional Biomass Worldwide (% of Population)

Source

Present

Future

IEA WEO 2014

Total 2012:

2,7 billion people (38%)

IEA WEO 2012

Total 2010: 49%

Total 2030: 39%

People Relying on Traditional Biomass Regional (Absolute Numbers)

Source

Sub-Saharan Africa

Developing Asia

Latin America

IEA WEO 2014^[3]

2012

728 mio

2040

650 mio

2012

1,875 mio

2012

68 mio

IEA WEO 2013

2011

696 mio

2030

881 mio

2011

1,869 mio

2030

1,582 mio

2011

68 mio

2030

53 mio

IEA WEO 2012

2010

696 mio

2030

883 mio

2010

1,814 mio

2030

1,640 mio

2010

65 mio

2030

62 mio

IEA WEO 2011

2009

653 mio

2030

918 mio

2009

1,921 mio

2030

1,769 mio

2009

85 mio

2030

79 mio

Cooking with Traditional Biomass Regional (% of Population)

Source	Sub-Saharan Africa		Developing Asia		Latin America
IEA WEO 2014^[3]	2012 80%		2012 51%		2012 15%
IEA WEO 2012	2010 81%	2030 65%	2010 51%	2030 39%	2010 14%	2030 11%
IEA WEO 2011	2009 78%	2030 67%	2009 54%	2030 41%	2009 19%	2030 14%

Access to Non-solid-biofuels Worldwide (% of Population)

Source	Present			Future
UN SE4All 2013	Total 2010: 59%	Rural 2010: 35%	Urban 2010: 84%

Access to Non-solid Fuels Regional (% of Population)

Source		Africa	Asia	Latin America
UN SE4All 2013	Total	Sub-Saharan 19% North Africa 100%	Caucasus a Central 85% East Asia 55% Oceania 31% South Asia 40% South East Asia 48% West Asia 95%	Latin America and Caribbean 86%
	Rural	Sub-Saharan 6% North Africa 99%	Caucasus a Central 74% East Asia 35% Oceania 21% South Asia 23% South East Asia 27% West Asia 86%	Latin America and Caribbean 57%
	Urban	Sub-Saharan 42% North Africa 100%	Caucasus a Central 98% East Asia 76% Oceania 73% South Asia 78% South East Asia 77% West Asia 99%	Latin America and Caribbean 94%

Household Use of Modern Forms of Energy (% of Population)

Source	Present			Future
PPHP 2013	Total 2010: 57%			Total 2035: 78%	Total 2060: 88%

Mortality from Household Air Pollution

In the year 2012, household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels was responsible for 4.3 million deaths. This makes this risk factor the largest environmental contributor to ill health. The importance of household air pollution as a public health threat varies drastically according to the level of development: in low- and middle-income countries, household air pollution is responsible for almost 10% of the mortality, while the same risk factor is only responsible for 0.2% of deaths in high-income countries.^[15]

Total Deaths by Region (absolute numbers)

Global	Africa	South East Asia	Europe	America	Eastern Mediterranean	Western Pacific
4,3 mio	600,000	1,69 mio	99,000	81,000	200,000	1,62 mio

Source: WHO (2014): Burden of Disease from Household Air Polllution for 2012. http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/HAP_BoD_results_March2014.pdf?ua=1

Deaths Attributable to HAP by Age and Sex

Children < 5yr: 534,00 (13%)

Women >25yr: 1,767,000 (41%)

Men >25 yr: 1,991,000 (46%)

Although women experience higher personal exposure levels than men and therefore higher relative risk to develop adverse health outcomes due to their greater involvement in daily cooking activities, the absolute burden is larger in men due to larger underlying disease rates in men.^[16]

Necessary Investment for Universal Access to Modern Energy Services

Additional Average Annual Investment Needed for Total / Universal Energy Access

Source	Annually	comments
UN SE4All 2013	33.9 billion USD
IEA WEO 2011	from 2010 34 billion USD (in total 1 trillion USD (296 billion USD in new policies) 640 billion USD)
AGECC 2010	35-40 billion USD
Pachauri et al 2012^[17]	65 – 86 billion USD	(only grid–access and LPG-like cooking)

Electricity

Additional average annual investment needed for total universal electricity access regional, in billion USD

Source	Global	Africa	Asia	Latin America
UN SE4All 2013	30.1 bn USD	SSA 19.1 bn USD	EA & Oce 0.4 bn USD SA 9.2 bn USD SEA 1.3 bn USD
IEA WEO 2011	30.5 bn USD	SSA 18.5 bn USD	Dev. A. 11.5 bn USD only India 6.4 bn USD	0.3 bn USD
Ruijven et al. 2012^[18]	From 2010 - 2030 238 – 400 bn USD	SSA 6.1 – 10.2 bn USD	Asia 1.4 – 2.5 bn USD	LA 4.3 – 7.1 bn USD

SSA: Sub-Saharan Africa, Dev. A.: Developing Asia, EA: East Asia, Oce: Oceania, SA: Southern Asia, SEA: South-Eastern Asia

Electricity Access for All - Proposed share of necessary annual investment needed per technology

Source	Technology	Investment needed per year
IEA WEO 2011	In Total On-grid electrification Mini-grid electrification Off-grid electrification	30.5 billion USD/year 11 billion USD/year 12 billion USD/year 7 billion USD/year

Cooking Energy

Additional average annual investment needed to achieve universal access to clean cooking facilities, regional, in billion USD

Source

Global

Africa

Asia

Latin America

UN SE4All 2013

3.8 bn USD

SSA 1.1 bn USD

ME & NAf 0.01 bn USD

EA & Oce 0.9 bn USD

SA 1.2 bn USD

SEA 0.4 bn USD

0.2 bn USD

IEA WEO 2011

3.5 bn USD

SSA 1.1 bn USD

Dev. A. 2.3 bn USD

only India 0.8 bn USD

only China 0.8 bn USD

0.2 bn USD

SSA: Sub-Saharan Africa, Dev. A.: Developing Asia, EA: East Asia, Oce: Oceania, SA: Southern Asia, SEA: South-Eastern Asia, ME: Middle East, NAf: North Africa

Clean Cooking Facilities for All - Proposed share of necessary annual investment needed per technology

Source	Technology	Necessary annual investment
IEA WEO 2011	In Total LPG Cookstoves Biomass systems Biomass Cookstoves	3.5 billion USD/year 0.9 billion USD/year 1.8 billion USD/year 0.8 billion USD/year

Further Information

References

The information in this article was originally combiled by HERA - Poverty-oriented Basic Energy Services.

↑ Source: IIASA GEA 2012: Global Energy Assessment- Towards a Sustainable Future, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
↑ Source: OECD/IEA (2013): World Energy Outlook 2013
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 OECD/IEA (2014): World Energy Outlook 2014 http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2014/
↑ Source: OECD/IEA (2012): World Energy Outlook 2012 http://www.iea.org/papers/2011/weo2011_energy_for_all.pdf
↑ Source: OECD/IEA (2011): Energy for All – Financing Access for the Poor. Special early excerpt of the World Energy Outlook 2011. Updated estimates of the OECD/IEA 2010fckLRhttp://www.iea.org/papers/2011/weo2011_energy_for_all.pdffckLR
↑ Source: Practical Action (2012): Poor People’s Energy Outlook: http://practicalaction.org/ppeo2012-report
↑ Source: UN General Assembly - International Year for Sustainable Energy for All, 11 November 2010, Sixty-fifth session, Second Committee
↑ Source: WHO – The Energy Access Situation in developing countries. A Review Focusing on the Least Developed Countries and Sub-Saharan Africa (November 2009)
↑ AGECC Report 2010: Energy for a sustainable future: http://www.un-energy.org/publications/558-agecc-report-energy-for-a-sustainable-future
↑ Source: UN SE4All Global Tracking Report, Data based on IEA 2012, the data is based on National household surveys; WB global electrification database, 2012 ; WHO household energy database, 2012
↑ Source: PPhP (2014), Patterns of Potential Human Progress, Volume 4, Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures University Denver
↑ Source: GACC, Issue – Environmnet, [online] http://www.cleancookstoves.org/our-work/the-issues/ last accessed 11/11/2013
↑ Source: WHO, Indoor air pollution and health, September 2011 [online] http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/
↑ http://www.un-energy.org/cluster/energy_access
↑ WHO - Global Health Observatory Data http://www.who.int/gho/phe/indoor_air_pollution/burden_text/en/
↑ WHO (2014): Burden of Disease from Household Air Polllution for 2012. http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/HAP_BoD_results_March2014.pdf?ua=1
↑ Source: Pauchauri et al (2013), Pathways to achieve universal household access to modern energy by 2030, Environmental Research Letters 8
↑ Source: B.J. Ruijven, J. Schers, D.P. van Vuuren: Model-based scenarios for rural electrification in devloping countries, (2012), Energy 38 386-397

[0] Source: IIASA GEA 2012: Global Energy Assessment- Towards a Sustainable Future, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis

[1] Source: OECD/IEA (2013): World Energy Outlook 2013

[OECD.2FIEA_.282014.29:_World_Energy_Outlook_2014_http:.2F.2Fwww.worldenergyoutlook.org.2Fpublications.2Fweo-2014.2F-2] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 OECD/IEA (2014): World Energy Outlook 2014 http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2014/

[3] Source: OECD/IEA (2012): World Energy Outlook 2012 http://www.iea.org/papers/2011/weo2011_energy_for_all.pdf

[4] Source: OECD/IEA (2011): Energy for All – Financing Access for the Poor. Special early excerpt of the World Energy Outlook 2011. Updated estimates of the OECD/IEA 2010fckLRhttp://www.iea.org/papers/2011/weo2011_energy_for_all.pdffckLR

[5] Source: Practical Action (2012): Poor People’s Energy Outlook: http://practicalaction.org/ppeo2012-report

[6] Source: UN General Assembly - International Year for Sustainable Energy for All, 11 November 2010, Sixty-fifth session, Second Committee

[7] Source: WHO – The Energy Access Situation in developing countries. A Review Focusing on the Least Developed Countries and Sub-Saharan Africa (November 2009)

[8] AGECC Report 2010: Energy for a sustainable future: http://www.un-energy.org/publications/558-agecc-report-energy-for-a-sustainable-future

[9] Source: UN SE4All Global Tracking Report, Data based on IEA 2012, the data is based on National household surveys; WB global electrification database, 2012 ; WHO household energy database, 2012

[10] Source: PPhP (2014), Patterns of Potential Human Progress, Volume 4, Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures University Denver

[11] Source: GACC, Issue – Environmnet, [online] http://www.cleancookstoves.org/our-work/the-issues/ last accessed 11/11/2013

[12] Source: WHO, Indoor air pollution and health, September 2011 [online] http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/

[13] ttp://www.un-energy.org/cluster/energy_access

[WHO_-_Global_Health_Observatory_Data_http:.2F.2Fwww.who.int.2Fgho.2Fphe.2Findoor_air_pollution.2Fburden_text.2Fen.2F-14] WHO - Global Health Observatory Data http://www.who.int/gho/phe/indoor_air_pollution/burden_text/en/

[WHO_.282014.29:_Burden_of_Disease_from_Household_Air_Polllution_for_2012._http:.2F.2Fwww.who.int.2Fphe.2Fhealth_topics.2Foutdoorair.2Fdatabases.2FHAP_BoD_results_March2014.pdf.3Fua.3D1-15] WHO (2014): Burden of Disease from Household Air Polllution for 2012. http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/HAP_BoD_results_March2014.pdf?ua=1

[16] Source: Pauchauri et al (2013), Pathways to achieve universal household access to modern energy by 2030, Environmental Research Letters 8

[17] Source: B.J. Ruijven, J. Schers, D.P. van Vuuren: Model-based scenarios for rural electrification in devloping countries, (2012), Energy 38 386-397

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 <br/>
 == Access to Electricity Worldwide (% of Population) ==
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 Source
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 Present
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 Future
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 United Nations Sustainable Energy for All (UN <span data-scaytid="67" data-scayt_word="se4all" class="scayt-misspell">SE4All)</span> 2013<ref>Source: UN SE4All Global Tracking Report, Data based on IEA 2012, the data is based on National household surveys; WB global electrification database, 2012 ; WHO household energy database, 2012</ref>
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 Total 2010: 83%
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 Rural 2010: 70%
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 Urban 2010: 95%
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-<br/>
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 <span data-scaytid="69" data-scayt_word="pphp" class="scayt-misspell">University Denver, Paterns of Potential Human Progress (PPHP)</span> 2013<ref>Source: PPhP (2014), Patterns of Potential Human Progress, Volume 4, Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures University Denver</ref>
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+|
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 Total 2010: 78%
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+| Total 2035: 89%
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+| Total 2060: 95%
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-| style="width: 112px;  height: 31px" | <p style="text-align: right">Total 2035: 89%</p>
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-Total 2060: 95%
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 |-
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+| IEA WEO 2012
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-<span data-scaytid="71" data-scayt_word="iea" class="scayt-misspell">IEA</span> <span data-scaytid="73" data-scayt_word="weo" class="scayt-misspell">WEO</span> 2012
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 Total 2010: 81%
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-| style="width: 121px;  height: 31px" | <p style="text-align: right"></p>
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-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| style="width: 112px;  height: 31px" | <p style="text-align: right">Total 2030: 88%</p>
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| style="width: 116px;  height: 31px" | <p style="text-align: right"></p>
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-|-
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| style="width: 170px;  height: 31px" |
-UN Energy
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| style="width: 116px;  height: 31px" |
-Total&nbsp;???: 72%
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| style="width: 119px;  height: 31px" | <p style="text-align: right"></p>
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| style="width: 121px;  height: 31px" | <p style="text-align: right"></p>
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| style="width: 112px;  height: 31px" | <p style="text-align: right"></p>
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| style="width: 116px;  height: 31px" |
-<br/>
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-| data-cke-bookmark="1" style="display: none" |
-|}
-{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" style="width: 100%"
-|-
-| IEA WEO 2014<ref name="OECD/IEA (2014): World Energy Outlook 2014 http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2014/">OECD/IEA (2014): World Energy Outlook 2014 http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2014/</ref>
-| total 2012: 82%
-| &nbsp;
 |
 |
+| Total 2030: 88%
 |
 |-
+| UN Energy
+| Total: 72% (?)
 |
 |
+|
+|
+|-
+| IEA WEO 2014<ref name="OECD/IEA (2014): World Energy Outlook 2014 http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2014/">OECD/IEA (2014): World Energy Outlook 2014 http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2014/</ref>
+| Total 2012: 82%
 |
 |
@@ Line 495: / Line 326: @@
 |}
-<br/>
-<br/>
 == Access to Electricity Regional (% of Population) ==

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Energy Access Figures

Revision as of 13:47, 31 August 2015

Contents

Overview

Electricity Access

Lack of Access to Electricity Worldwide (Absolute Numbers)

Lack of Access to Electricity Regional (Absolute Numbers)

Access to Electricity Worldwide (% of Population)

Access to Electricity Regional (% of Population)

Access to Clean Cooking Energy

People Relying on Traditional Biomass Worldwide (Absolute Numbers)

Cooking with Traditional Biomass Worldwide (% of Population)

People Relying on Traditional Biomass Regional (Absolute Numbers)

Cooking with Traditional Biomass Regional (% of Population)

Access to Non-solid-biofuels Worldwide (% of Population)

Access to Non-solid Fuels Regional (% of Population)

Household Use of Modern Forms of Energy (% of Population)

Mortality from Household Air Pollution

Total Deaths by Region (absolute numbers)

Deaths Attributable to HAP by Age and Sex

Necessary Investment for Universal Access to Modern Energy Services

Additional Average Annual Investment Needed for Total / Universal Energy Access

Electricity

Cooking Energy

Further Information

References