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| | + | {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" |
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| | + | = Overview<br> = |
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| | + | {| width="400" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1" style="float: right;" |
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| | + | | align="center" colspan="4" | '''Republic of Mali''' |
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| | + | | [[Image:Mali_Flag.gif|border|center|150x100px|Flag of Algeria.png]]<br> |
| | + | | [[Image:Mali_Situation.gif|center|100x100px|Location Algeria.png]]<br> |
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| | + | Capital<br> |
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| | + | Bamako ([http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Mali¶ms=12_39_N_8_0_W_type:country 12° 39′ 0″ N, 8° 0′ 0″ W]) |
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| | + | Official language(s)<br> |
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| | + | French<br> |
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| | + | Government<br> |
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| | + | Semi-Presidential Republic<br> |
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| | + | President<br> |
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| | + | Amadou Toumani Touré<br> |
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| | + | Prime Minister<br> |
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| | + | | |
| | + | Modibo Sidibé<br> |
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| | + | Total area<br> |
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| | + | 1,240,192 km<sup>2</sup><br> |
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| | + | Population<br> |
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| | + | | |
| | + | 14,517,176 (2009 census) |
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| | + | GDP (nominal)<br> |
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| | + | $8.965 billion (2009 estimate)<br> |
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| | + | GDP Per capita <br> |
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| | + | $656<br> |
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| | + | Currency<br> |
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| | + | West African CFA franc (XOF)<br> |
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| | + | Time zone<br> |
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| | + | GMT (UTC+0)<br> |
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| | + | Calling code<br> |
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| | + | +223<br> |
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| | + | |} |
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| | + | {| width="350" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="left" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" |
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| | + | | __TOC__ |
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| | = Energy Situation = | | = Energy Situation = |
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| | Mali is a net importer of petroleum products. Its energy situation is characterised by the predominance of biomass (87 %) in meeting the needs of households for cooking, and by a very low level of electrification (16 %). | | Mali is a net importer of petroleum products. Its energy situation is characterised by the predominance of biomass (87 %) in meeting the needs of households for cooking, and by a very low level of electrification (16 %). |
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| − | <span style="color: #ff0000">Access to Electricity (% of households) 2001: 9%(32% urb.); 2007: 17%.(51% urb.)</span> | + | <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Access to Electricity (% of households) 2001: 9%(32% urb.); 2007: 17%.(51% urb.)</span> |
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| | Extreme poverty denies access to modern energy services to much of the population. | | Extreme poverty denies access to modern energy services to much of the population. |
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| | The off-grid electricity supply is mainly garanteed by small diesel generators (with a capacity between 80kW to 1,220 kW). | | The off-grid electricity supply is mainly garanteed by small diesel generators (with a capacity between 80kW to 1,220 kW). |
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| − | <br> | + | <br> |
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| | == Energy Demand and Supply in the Household Sector == | | == Energy Demand and Supply in the Household Sector == |
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| | [http://energypedia.info/index.php/Mali_Country_Situation#Commercial_Service_Providers EDM], the state energy utility, is expected to reach only 60 urban locations through the national grid. | | [http://energypedia.info/index.php/Mali_Country_Situation#Commercial_Service_Providers EDM], the state energy utility, is expected to reach only 60 urban locations through the national grid. |
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| − | <br> | + | <br> |
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| | == Rural Electrification == | | == Rural Electrification == |
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| | More than 97% of the rural population live without access to electricity. A very small number of households uses automotive batteries for lighting, TV and radio. Their supply is hardly possible and to recharge them long journeys (up to 120 km) to the capital of Bamako or regional and district centres are needed. In addition, the quality of charge is often deplorable. | | More than 97% of the rural population live without access to electricity. A very small number of households uses automotive batteries for lighting, TV and radio. Their supply is hardly possible and to recharge them long journeys (up to 120 km) to the capital of Bamako or regional and district centres are needed. In addition, the quality of charge is often deplorable. |
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| − | <span style="color: #ff0000">Length of Domestic Transmission and Distribution Lines 4436 km, Transnational Lines 600 km. </span> | + | <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Length of Domestic Transmission and Distribution Lines 4436 km, Transnational Lines 600 km. </span> |
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| − | <span style="color: #ff0000">Number and Length of Power Cuts </span> | + | <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Number and Length of Power Cuts </span> |
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| − | <span style="color: #ff0000">HV grid:</span> | + | <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">HV grid:</span> |
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| − | <span style="color: #ff0000">-Number of cuts: 2006 = 56; 2007 =49 </span> <span style="color: #ff0000"> </span> | + | <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">-Number of cuts: 2006 = 56; 2007 =49 </span> <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> </span> |
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| − | <span style="color: #ff0000">-Duration of cuts: 2006 = 35 hours; 2007 = 19 hours </span> | + | <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">-Duration of cuts: 2006 = 35 hours; 2007 = 19 hours </span> |
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| − | <span style="color: #ff0000">-Number of cuts scheduled for works 2006 = 15; 2007 = 19 </span> | + | <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">-Number of cuts scheduled for works 2006 = 15; 2007 = 19 </span> |
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| − | <br> | + | <br> |
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| − | <span style="color: #ff0000">MV grid: </span> | + | <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">MV grid: </span> |
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| − | <span style="color: #ff0000">- Number of cuts 2006 = 1251; 2007 = 1134</span> | + | <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">- Number of cuts 2006 = 1251; 2007 = 1134</span> |
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| | = Institutional Set Up and Actors in the Energy Sector = | | = Institutional Set Up and Actors in the Energy Sector = |
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| | *La Direction Nationale de l’Hydraulique | | *La Direction Nationale de l’Hydraulique |
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| − | <br> | + | <br> |
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| − | === [http://www.amadermali.org/ Agence Malienne pour le Développement de l'Energie Domestique et l 'Electrification Rurale (AMADER)] === | + | === [http://www.amadermali.org/ Agence Malienne pour le Développement de l'Energie Domestique et l 'Electrification Rurale (AMADER)] === |
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| | <br>AMADER is the Malian Agency for rural electrification and household energy. Therefore AMADER is one of the most immportant partner organisations for EnDev. The main task are described as follows: | | <br>AMADER is the Malian Agency for rural electrification and household energy. Therefore AMADER is one of the most immportant partner organisations for EnDev. The main task are described as follows: |
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| | *Support the reform of the energy sector and related institutions | | *Support the reform of the energy sector and related institutions |
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| | '''Centre National d’Energie Solaire et des Energies Renouvelables (CNESOLER)''' | | '''Centre National d’Energie Solaire et des Energies Renouvelables (CNESOLER)''' |
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| − | <br> | + | <br> |
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| − | === [http://www.creemali.net/ Commission de Régulation de l'Electricité et de l'Eau (CREE)] === | + | === [http://www.creemali.net/ Commission de Régulation de l'Electricité et de l'Eau (CREE)] === |
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| − | The CREE is the regulation authority of the water and electricity sector. The main responsibilities are: <br> | + | The CREE is the regulation authority of the water and electricity sector. The main responsibilities are: <br> |
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| | *Assistance in the development of sector strategies | | *Assistance in the development of sector strategies |
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| | *Approbation and control of tariffs | | *Approbation and control of tariffs |
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| − | <br> | + | <br> |
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| | == Non Governmental Service Providers for Rural Areas in the Field of Energy == | | == Non Governmental Service Providers for Rural Areas in the Field of Energy == |
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| | The EEM is a local branch of the South African Eskom SA. Is is responsible for the operation of the Manantali hydroelectric power plant at the Malian-Senegalese-Mauritanian border. The installed capacity is 200 MW. | | The EEM is a local branch of the South African Eskom SA. Is is responsible for the operation of the Manantali hydroelectric power plant at the Malian-Senegalese-Mauritanian border. The installed capacity is 200 MW. |
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| | ==== '''Société Energie du Mali (EDM-SA)''' ==== | | ==== '''Société Energie du Mali (EDM-SA)''' ==== |
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| | The former state-owned EDM was privatized in 2000 and is now owned by the SAUR-IPS group (60 %), while 40 % of the shares remain with the state. EDM is the only concessionaire for the public electricity supply. Beside the grid-system there are 21 isolated production centres with an installed capacity of 38.4 MW. In 2006 these systems produced 101 million kWh. | | The former state-owned EDM was privatized in 2000 and is now owned by the SAUR-IPS group (60 %), while 40 % of the shares remain with the state. EDM is the only concessionaire for the public electricity supply. Beside the grid-system there are 21 isolated production centres with an installed capacity of 38.4 MW. In 2006 these systems produced 101 million kWh. |
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| | ==== Micro-Finance Institutions ==== | | ==== Micro-Finance Institutions ==== |
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| | *Banque Malienne de Solidarité (BMS) | | *Banque Malienne de Solidarité (BMS) |
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| | GTZ-Publication: [http://www.die-gdi.de/CMS-Homepage/openwebcms3.nsf/%28ynDK_contentByKey%29/ENTR-7CPBY7/$FILE/Microfinance_Association._Mali.pdf Les Associations des Institutions de Microfinance] | | GTZ-Publication: [http://www.die-gdi.de/CMS-Homepage/openwebcms3.nsf/%28ynDK_contentByKey%29/ENTR-7CPBY7/$FILE/Microfinance_Association._Mali.pdf Les Associations des Institutions de Microfinance] |
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| | = Policy Framework = | | = Policy Framework = |
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| | == Poverty Reduction Strategy == | | == Poverty Reduction Strategy == |
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| − | The Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) was adopted by the previous Government in May 2002 and then reconfirmed by the new Government (GoM) in October 2002. The paper names three main as well as one pre-requisite pillar as follows: <br> | + | The Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) was adopted by the previous Government in May 2002 and then reconfirmed by the new Government (GoM) in October 2002. The paper names three main as well as one pre-requisite pillar as follows: <br> |
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| | *Pre-Requisite Pillar: Accelerated and Re-Distributive Growth | | *Pre-Requisite Pillar: Accelerated and Re-Distributive Growth |
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| | *Pillar 3: Develop basic infrastructure and productive sectors. | | *Pillar 3: Develop basic infrastructure and productive sectors. |
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| − | <br> | + | <br> |
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| − | == <span style="color: #ff0000">Land ownership and participation</span> == | + | == <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Land ownership and participation</span> == |
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| − | <span style="color: #ff0000">Land rights issues are linked to the national decentralised process that has been ongoing for several years. Eight laws cover the creation of municipalities one of which is the development of local government regulations and codes. In principle, rural populations will be able to (and will have to) manage their assets and ensure open land access. </span> | + | <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Land rights issues are linked to the national decentralised process that has been ongoing for several years. Eight laws cover the creation of municipalities one of which is the development of local government regulations and codes. In principle, rural populations will be able to (and will have to) manage their assets and ensure open land access. </span> |
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| | == Energy Policy == | | == Energy Policy == |
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| | The GoM has restructured the sector by adopting a new Electricity Law and its implementation texts, which ends EDM’s monopoly and has opened the sector to competition, under a regime of transparent regulation by an independent agency. Reform processes and institutions need to be strengthened to foster a lasting competitive business environment attractive to private investors and operators. The imperative to provide energy services to the poor calls for a spectrum of energy services, innovative service delivery mechanisms, with participation by communities, NGOs and the private sector. | | The GoM has restructured the sector by adopting a new Electricity Law and its implementation texts, which ends EDM’s monopoly and has opened the sector to competition, under a regime of transparent regulation by an independent agency. Reform processes and institutions need to be strengthened to foster a lasting competitive business environment attractive to private investors and operators. The imperative to provide energy services to the poor calls for a spectrum of energy services, innovative service delivery mechanisms, with participation by communities, NGOs and the private sector. |
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| | = Key Problems Hampering Access to Modern Energy Services in Rural Areas = | | = Key Problems Hampering Access to Modern Energy Services in Rural Areas = |
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| | The existing national electrification policies are not yet ready to close the existing energy gap: EDM, the state energy utility, is expected to reach only 60 urban locations through the national grid. Mali's Agency for Domestic Energy and Rural Electrification (AMADER), whose rural electrification strategy focuses on the creation of a private sector in which public/private partnerships on a local level should take a lead role in the rural electrification process, seems to be completely surpassed by the task to provide the off-grid majority of over 700 rural communes (11.000 villages) with access to electricity. Both central state institutions have neither the capacity nor the resources to achieve their national goal. Most remote rural areas will not be targeted and even if there are no local capacities available who could implement the ambitious programmes. They also insufficiently interlink electricity provision with decentralisation politics and; fail to involve the local municipalities in planning and running the energy facilities which is crucially important to ensure their long-term sustainability. Without tapping this potential of participatory communal development, the national goal of reaching 12 % rural electrification rate by 2012 and 55 % by 2015 will be out of reach. | | The existing national electrification policies are not yet ready to close the existing energy gap: EDM, the state energy utility, is expected to reach only 60 urban locations through the national grid. Mali's Agency for Domestic Energy and Rural Electrification (AMADER), whose rural electrification strategy focuses on the creation of a private sector in which public/private partnerships on a local level should take a lead role in the rural electrification process, seems to be completely surpassed by the task to provide the off-grid majority of over 700 rural communes (11.000 villages) with access to electricity. Both central state institutions have neither the capacity nor the resources to achieve their national goal. Most remote rural areas will not be targeted and even if there are no local capacities available who could implement the ambitious programmes. They also insufficiently interlink electricity provision with decentralisation politics and; fail to involve the local municipalities in planning and running the energy facilities which is crucially important to ensure their long-term sustainability. Without tapping this potential of participatory communal development, the national goal of reaching 12 % rural electrification rate by 2012 and 55 % by 2015 will be out of reach. |
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| | The key problems for the grid-based electrification are: | | The key problems for the grid-based electrification are: |
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| | *The high tariffs for rural consumers | | *The high tariffs for rural consumers |
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| | == Obstacles for Off Grid Energy Technologies and Services == | | == Obstacles for Off Grid Energy Technologies and Services == |
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| | *The lack of local production/assembly capacity | | *The lack of local production/assembly capacity |
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| | [[EnDev-Mali|EnDev-Mali]] | | [[EnDev-Mali|EnDev-Mali]] |
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| | + | |} |
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| | [[Category:Mali]] [[Category:Country_Situation]] | | [[Category:Mali]] [[Category:Country_Situation]] |
