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| | Suriname is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south & the Atlantic Ocean to the north<ref name="World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf">World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf</ref><ref name="Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). Country Profile – Suriname. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/ca0427en/CA0427EN.pdf">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). Country Profile – Suriname. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/ca0427en/CA0427EN.pdf</ref>. The region in the north is mostly lowland coastal area, where most of the land has been cultivated, while the southern part consists of tropical rainforest and randomly distributed inhabited savanna along the county’s borders with Brazil<ref name="World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf">World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf</ref>.<br/> | | Suriname is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south & the Atlantic Ocean to the north<ref name="World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf">World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf</ref><ref name="Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). Country Profile – Suriname. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/ca0427en/CA0427EN.pdf">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). Country Profile – Suriname. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/ca0427en/CA0427EN.pdf</ref>. The region in the north is mostly lowland coastal area, where most of the land has been cultivated, while the southern part consists of tropical rainforest and randomly distributed inhabited savanna along the county’s borders with Brazil<ref name="World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf">World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf</ref>.<br/> |
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| − | [[File:02- Suriname's Map (FAO, 2015).PNG|thumb|center|650px|Suriname's Map (FAO, 2015).PNG]]<br/> | + | [[File:02- Suriname's Map (FAO, 2015).PNG|thumb|center|750pxpx|Suriname's Map (FAO, 2015).PNG]]<br/> |
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| | The country’s climate is mostly hot and humid through the year; equatorial in coastal areas, tropical monsoon further inland and tropical savannah in the south-western portions of the country<ref name="World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf">World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf</ref>. Suriname has two wet seasons; the 1<sup>st</sup> and the main one is from April to July, and the 2<sup>nd</sup> and shorter one is in the period December-January<ref name="World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf">World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf</ref>. The northern populated area has four different seasons: a minor rainy season from early December to early February, a minor dry season from early February to late April, a major rainy season from late April to mid-August and a major dry season from mid-August to early December <ref name="Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). Country Profile – Suriname. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/ca0427en/CA0427EN.pdf">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). Country Profile – Suriname. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/ca0427en/CA0427EN.pdf</ref>.<br/> | | The country’s climate is mostly hot and humid through the year; equatorial in coastal areas, tropical monsoon further inland and tropical savannah in the south-western portions of the country<ref name="World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf">World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf</ref>. Suriname has two wet seasons; the 1<sup>st</sup> and the main one is from April to July, and the 2<sup>nd</sup> and shorter one is in the period December-January<ref name="World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf">World Meteorological Organization (WMO) & Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH). (2018). Country Profile: Suriname. Retrieved from: http://rcc.cimh.edu.bb/files/2018/06/Country-Profile-Suriname.pdf</ref>. The northern populated area has four different seasons: a minor rainy season from early December to early February, a minor dry season from early February to late April, a major rainy season from late April to mid-August and a major dry season from mid-August to early December <ref name="Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). Country Profile – Suriname. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/ca0427en/CA0427EN.pdf">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2015). Country Profile – Suriname. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/ca0427en/CA0427EN.pdf</ref>.<br/> |
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| | A study that was carried out in 2014 has analyzed the Suriname’s energy matrix as indicated in the following figures.<br/> | | A study that was carried out in 2014 has analyzed the Suriname’s energy matrix as indicated in the following figures.<br/> |
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| − | [[File:04- Energy Matrix's Key (Ramón & Humpert, 2014).PNG|thumb|center|650px|The Energy Matrix's Key (Ramón & Humpert, 2014)]]<br/> | + | [[File:04- Energy Matrix's Key (Ramón & Humpert, 2014).PNG|thumb|center|750pxpx|The Energy Matrix's Key (Ramón & Humpert, 2014)]]<br/> |
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| − | [[File:03- Suriname's Energy Matrix (Ramón & Humpert, 2014).PNG|thumb|center|650px|Suriname's Energy Matrix (Ramón & Humpert, 2014).PNG]]<br/> | + | [[File:03- Suriname's Energy Matrix (Ramón & Humpert, 2014).PNG|thumb|center|750pxpx|Suriname's Energy Matrix (Ramón & Humpert, 2014).PNG]]<br/> |
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| | According to this analysis<ref name="Ramón, E. & Humpert, M. (2014). Energy Matrix Country Briefings: Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago. Retrieved from: https://publications.iadb.org/en/publication/11241/energy-matrix-country-briefings-antigua-barbuda-bahamas-barbados-dominica-grenada">Ramón, E. & Humpert, M. (2014). Energy Matrix Country Briefings: Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago. Retrieved from: https://publications.iadb.org/en/publication/11241/energy-matrix-country-briefings-antigua-barbuda-bahamas-barbados-dominica-grenada</ref>:<br/> | | According to this analysis<ref name="Ramón, E. & Humpert, M. (2014). Energy Matrix Country Briefings: Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago. Retrieved from: https://publications.iadb.org/en/publication/11241/energy-matrix-country-briefings-antigua-barbuda-bahamas-barbados-dominica-grenada">Ramón, E. & Humpert, M. (2014). Energy Matrix Country Briefings: Antigua & Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago. Retrieved from: https://publications.iadb.org/en/publication/11241/energy-matrix-country-briefings-antigua-barbuda-bahamas-barbados-dominica-grenada</ref>:<br/> |
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| | == Energy Access == | | == Energy Access == |
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| − | [[File:05- Suriname's Total Access to Electricity 1990-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018).PNG|thumb|center|650px|Suriname's Total Access to Electricity 1990-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018).PNG]]<br/> | + | [[File:05- Suriname's Total Access to Electricity 1990-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018).PNG|thumb|center|750pxpx|Suriname's Total Access to Electricity 1990-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018).PNG]]<br/> |
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| − | [[File:06- Suriname's Urban & Rural Access to Electricity 1990-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018).PNG|thumb|center|650pxpx|Suriname's Urban & Rural Access to Electricity 1990-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018)]]<br/> | + | [[File:06- Suriname's Urban & Rural Access to Electricity 1990-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018).PNG|thumb|center|750pxpx|Suriname's Urban & Rural Access to Electricity 1990-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018)]]<br/> |
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| | <br/> | | <br/> |
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| − | [[File:07- Suriname's Access to Clean Cooking 2000-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018).PNG|thumb|center|650px|Suriname's Access to Clean Cooking 2000-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018)]]<br/> | + | [[File:07- Suriname's Access to Clean Cooking 2000-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018).PNG|thumb|center|750pxpx|Suriname's Access to Clean Cooking 2000-2016 (Tracking SDG7, 2018)]]<br/> |
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| | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="width:100%;" | | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="width:100%;" |
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| | <br/> | | <br/> |
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| − | [[File:08- Suriname's Total Energy Supply 1990-2016 (IEA, 2018).PNG|thumb|center|650px|Suriname's Total Energy Supply 1990-2016 (IEA, 2018)]]<br/> | + | [[File:08- Suriname's Total Energy Supply 1990-2016 (IEA, 2018).PNG|thumb|center|750pxpx|Suriname's Total Energy Supply 1990-2016 (IEA, 2018)]]<br/> |
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| | == Installed Capacity == | | == Installed Capacity == |
| Suriname
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| Capital
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Paramaribo
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| Region
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Latin America
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| Coordinates
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5.8333° N, 55.1667° W
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| Total Area (km²) It includes a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.
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| Population It is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin.
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| Rural Population (% of total population) It refers to people living in rural areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated as the difference between total population and urban population.
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| GDP (current US$) It is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.
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| GDP Per Capita (current US$) It is gross domestic product divided by midyear population
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| Access to Electricity (% of population) It is the percentage of population with access to electricity.
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| Energy Imports Net (% of energy use) It is estimated as energy use less production, both measured in oil equivalents. A negative value indicates that the country is a net exporter. Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
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| Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption (% of total) It comprises coal, oil, petroleum, and natural gas products.
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Suriname, also known as Republic of Suriname, is a country located on the north-eastern Atlantic coast of South America[1]. The country’s total area is below 165,000 Km2, which makes it the smallest country in South America[1]. 80% of the country’s area is covered with tropical rain forests, with only 1.5 million ha are considered suitable for agriculture[2]. The majority of the country’s inhabitants are located in the country’s north coast, particularly within and around the capital ‘Paramaribo’[1].
Suriname is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west, Brazil to the south & the Atlantic Ocean to the north[1][2]. The region in the north is mostly lowland coastal area, where most of the land has been cultivated, while the southern part consists of tropical rainforest and randomly distributed inhabited savanna along the county’s borders with Brazil[1].
The country’s climate is mostly hot and humid through the year; equatorial in coastal areas, tropical monsoon further inland and tropical savannah in the south-western portions of the country[1]. Suriname has two wet seasons; the 1st and the main one is from April to July, and the 2nd and shorter one is in the period December-January[1]. The northern populated area has four different seasons: a minor rainy season from early December to early February, a minor dry season from early February to late April, a major rainy season from late April to mid-August and a major dry season from mid-August to early December [2].
Suriname has a variety of natural resources, but the national economy is dominated by certain mining activities and agricultural products [1][3][4]. The primary mining products are: oil, bauxite and gold, while in the agriculture sector, rice and bananas are the dominant products[1][3][4]. Suriname is highly energy-independent due to the combination of the mining of fossil fuels and the significant wealth of hydropower, thus, energy-wise, it is a very self-sufficient country[3].
According to REEEP (2013), Suriname has small amounts of fossil fuels reserves, which are mostly exploited by the government-owned company ‘Staatsoli’. The country has a refinery, which has a production capacity of about 7,500 barrels/day[5]. With regard to these numbers, it is comprehendible that, amongst the Caribbean countries, Suriname is the least reliant on fossil fuels for electricity generation[5].
The most significant energy source in the country is considered to be hydro-electricity, which was used in 2010 to supply 95% of its electricity generation[5]. Notably, around 26% of Suriname’s total energy supply is generated through Lake Brokopondo’s hydropower system[5].
A study that was carried out in 2014 has analyzed the Suriname’s energy matrix as indicated in the following figures.
