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| | {{CES Country|CES Country Name=Brazil | | {{CES Country|CES Country Name=Brazil |
| | |CES Country Capital=Brasília | | |CES Country Capital=Brasília |
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| − | = <br/> =
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| | = Introduction<br/> = | | = Introduction<br/> = |
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| − | = Energy Situation<br/> =
| + | *In this FSR podcast, Jessica Dabrowski (FSR) and Agnes da Costa (Director, Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy) discuss [https://soundcloud.com/fsregulation-energy-and-climate/diving-into-brazils-energy-transition-interview-with-agnes-da-costa?in=fsregulation-energy-and-climate/sets/lights-on-women Brazil's long history of renewable energy development]. |
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| − | Brazil is known worldwide for its ample share of renewable sources in its energy production. According to the Brazilian energy balance, 32.9% of the domestic energy supply in 2015 was from renewable sources, such as hydropower, sugar cane products and wind (EPE, 2016). If we consider only the electricity supply, the numbers are even more positive. Renewable sources represent 75.51% of the total, of which 64% are hydro; 8%, biomass; 3.5% wind and 0.01%, solar. <br/>
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| − | [[Energy Auctions in Brazil|Energy auctions]] are one of the main instruments adopted by Brazilian federal government to ensure that the pre-defined quality standards are met by the energy services along with lowest prices. Exclusive auctions, as wind or solar, have been an important mechanism to increase the participation of some sources in the national energy mix.
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| − | In 2009 was realized the first [[Energy Auctions in Brazil|exclusive wind power]] auction. Since then, a total of 430 wind parks (10.74 GW) had been installed by the end of 2016. The first solar power auction was realized in 2014 and another two in 2015. Together, they commissioned 94 plants (3,049 GW). Two new auctions are planned in December 2017 and another in April 2018, all including wind and solar PV as possible energy sources.
| + | = Energy Situation<br/> = |
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| − | Brazil has suffered from serious rain pattern changes, which brought reservoir levels to very critical numbers over the last years. In 2012, the hydropower reservoirs had fallen to their lowest volume in 10 years. This resulted in the activation of many thermal power plants which had cost over R$ 8.6 billion to Brazilian consumers that year and, consequently, an increase in the participation of fossil fuels in the Brazilian Electricity mix. (PASSOS, SCHEIDT. 2013) | + | Brazil is known worldwide for its ample share of renewable sources in its energy production. According to the Brazilian energy balance, 32.9% of the domestic energy supply in 2015 was from renewable sources, such as hydropower, sugar cane products and wind (EPE, 2016). If we consider only the electricity supply, the numbers are even more positive. Renewable sources represent 75.51% of the total, of which 64% are hydro; 8%, biomass; 3.5% wind and 0.01%, solar.<ref name="EPE. Balanço Energético Nacional. 2016. https://ben.epe.gov.br/downloads/Relatorio_Final_BEN_2016.pdf">EPE. Balanço Energético Nacional. 2016. https://ben.epe.gov.br/downloads/Relatorio_Final_BEN_2016.pdf</ref> <br/> |
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| − | In 2016, an increase of the volume of rain compared to previous years allowed a growth in the hydropower generation, which resulted in a decrease of 28% in the participation of fossil-fuel power plants in the energy production. Besides, the generation from renewable sources other than hydropower increased by 19%, mainly wind and biomass. The consequence was a reduction of 30% of greenhouse gas emissions from the electric sector. (OBSERVATÓRIO DO CLIMA, 2017)
| + | [[Energy Auctions in Brazil|Energy auctions]] are one of the main instruments adopted by Brazilian federal government to ensure that the pre-defined quality standards are met by the energy services along with lowest prices. Exclusive auctions, as wind or solar, have been an important mechanism to increase the participation of some sources in the national energy mix.<ref name="Energypedia. Energy Auctions in Brazil. https://energypedia.info/wiki/Energy_Auctions_in_Brazil#cite_note-ABEE.C3.B3lica-1">Energypedia. Energy Auctions in Brazil. https://energypedia.info/wiki/Energy_Auctions_in_Brazil#cite_note-ABEE.C3.B3lica-1</ref> |
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| − | The latest 10-Year Energy Expansion Plan (PDE) estimates an average growth in the Domestic Energy Supply of 2% per year. From this total, the government expects a 48% share of renewable energy in 2026. (EPE, 2017)
| + | In 2009 was realized the first [[Energy Auctions in Brazil|exclusive wind power]] auction. Since then, a total of 430 wind parks (10.74 GW) had been installed by the end of 2016. The first solar power auction was realized in 2014 and another two in 2015. Together, they commissioned 94 plants (3,049 GW). Two new auctions are planned in December 2017 and another in April 2018, all including wind and solar PV as possible energy sources. |
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| − | <br/>'''Sources:''' | + | Brazil has suffered from serious rain pattern changes, which brought reservoir levels to very critical numbers over the last years. In 2012, the hydropower reservoirs had fallen to their lowest volume in 10 years. This resulted in the activation of many thermal power plants which had cost over R$ 8.6 billion to Brazilian consumers that year and, consequently, an increase in the participation of fossil fuels in the Brazilian Electricity mix. <ref name="PASSOS, Mauro; SCHEIDT, Paula. “O clima em transformação e opções energéticas inovadoras para o Brasil”. Agência CanalEnergia. Rio de Janeiro, 25 de janeiro de 2013. http://www.provedor.nuca.ie.ufrj.br/eletrobras/estudos/passos3.pdf">PASSOS, Mauro; SCHEIDT, Paula. “O clima em transformação e opções energéticas inovadoras para o Brasil”. Agência CanalEnergia. Rio de Janeiro, 25 de janeiro de 2013. http://www.provedor.nuca.ie.ufrj.br/eletrobras/estudos/passos3.pdf</ref> |
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| − | EPE. Balanço Energético Nacional. 2016. [https://ben.epe.gov.br/downloads/Relatorio_Final_BEN_2016.pdf https://ben.epe.gov.br/downloads/Relatorio_Final_BEN_2016.pdf]
| + | In 2016, an increase of the volume of rain compared to previous years allowed a growth in the hydropower generation, which resulted in a decrease of 28% in the participation of fossil-fuel power plants in the energy production. Besides, the generation from renewable sources other than hydropower increased by 19%, mainly wind and biomass. The consequence was a reduction of 30% of greenhouse gas emissions from the electric sector.<ref name="OBSERVATÓRIO DO CLIMA. Emissões do Brasil sobem 9% em 2016. 2017 http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/seeg2017presskit_FINAL.pdf">OBSERVATÓRIO DO CLIMA. Emissões do Brasil sobem 9% em 2016. 2017 http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/seeg2017presskit_FINAL.pdf</ref> |
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| − | EPE. PDE 2026 traz inovações importantes na análise, modelagem e divulgação de resultados da expansão da produção de energia no país. 2017 [http://epe.gov.br/Estudos/Paginas/Plano Decenal de Energia – PDE/AbertaaconsultapúblicadoPDE2026atéodia6deagostode2017.aspx?CategoriaID=345 http://epe.gov.br/Estudos/Paginas/Plano Decenal de Energia – PDE/AbertaaconsultapúblicadoPDE2026atéodia6deagostode2017.aspx?CategoriaID=345] | + | The latest 10-Year Energy Expansion Plan (PDE) estimates an average growth in the Domestic Energy Supply of 2% per year. From this total, the government expects a 48% share of renewable energy in 2026.<ref name="EPE. PDE 2026 traz inovações importantes na análise, modelagem e divulgação de resultados da expansão da produção de energia no país. 2017 Decenal de Energia – PDE/AbertaaconsultapúblicadoPDE2026atéodia6deagostode2017.aspx?CategoriaID=345">EPE. PDE 2026 traz inovações importantes na análise, modelagem e divulgação de resultados da expansão da produção de energia no país. 2017 Decenal de Energia – PDE/AbertaaconsultapúblicadoPDE2026atéodia6deagostode2017.aspx?CategoriaID=345 </ref> |
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| − | OBSERVATÓRIO DO CLIMA. Emissões do Brasil sobem 9% em 2016. 2017 [http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/seeg2017presskit_FINAL.pdf http://www.observatoriodoclima.eco.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/seeg2017presskit_FINAL.pdf]
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| − | PASSOS, Mauro; SCHEIDT, Paula. “O clima em transformação e opções energéticas inovadoras para o Brasil”. Agência CanalEnergia. Rio de Janeiro, 25 de janeiro de 2013. [http://www.provedor.nuca.ie.ufrj.br/eletrobras/estudos/passos3.pdf http://www.provedor.nuca.ie.ufrj.br/eletrobras/estudos/passos3.pdf]<br/>
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| | == Energy Efficiency<br/> == | | == Energy Efficiency<br/> == |
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| | == Renewable Energy<br/> == | | == Renewable Energy<br/> == |
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| − | If you are interested in the issue of profissional training in this sector, you can read more at [[Technical_Training_for_Renewable_Energies_and_Energy_Efficiency_in_Brazil|Technical Training for Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency in Brazil.]]<br/> | + | If you are interested in the issue of profissional training in this sector, you can read more at [[Technical Training for Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency in Brazil|Technical Training for Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency in Brazil.]]<br/> |
| | | | |
| | === Solar Energy in Brazil<br/> === | | === Solar Energy in Brazil<br/> === |
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| | *[[Portal:Solar|Solar Portal at Energypedia]] | | *[[Portal:Solar|Solar Portal at Energypedia]] |
| − | *[[Solar_Energy_in_Brazil|Solar Energy in Brazil]]<br/> | + | *[[Solar Energy in Brazil|Solar Energy in Brazil]]<br/> |
| | *[[Large Scale Integration of Solar Energy in Brazil Report|Large Scale Integration of Solar Energy in Brazil - Report]]<br/> | | *[[Large Scale Integration of Solar Energy in Brazil Report|Large Scale Integration of Solar Energy in Brazil - Report]]<br/> |
| | *Solar PV Knowledge and studies in América do Sol Project | | *Solar PV Knowledge and studies in América do Sol Project |
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| | <br/> | | <br/> |
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| − | <br/> | + | <br/><br/> |
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| − | == Fossil Fuel == | + | == Fossil Fuels == |
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| | = Key Problems of the Energy Sector<br/> = | | = Key Problems of the Energy Sector<br/> = |
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| | = Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations<br/> = | | = Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations<br/> = |
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| − | Go to the page [[Net_Metering_in_Brazil|Net Metering in Brazi]]l to learn more about the national regulation. <br/> | + | Go to the page [[Net Metering in Brazil|Net Metering in Brazil]] to learn more about the national regulation.<br/> |
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| | = Institutional Set up in the Energy Sector<br/> = | | = Institutional Set up in the Energy Sector<br/> = |
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| | The main stakeholders in Brazilian Energy Sector are: | | The main stakeholders in Brazilian Energy Sector are: |
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| − | === Policy, planning, regulation and operation institutions<br/> ===
| + | == Policy, planning, regulation and operation institutions<br/> == |
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| | *[http://mme.gov.br/ Ministério de Minas e Energia (MME)]<br/> | | *[http://mme.gov.br/ Ministério de Minas e Energia (MME)]<br/> |
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| | *[http://www.anp.gov.br Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP)]<br/> | | *[http://www.anp.gov.br Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP)]<br/> |
| | *[http://www.ccee.org.br Câmara de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica (CCEE)]<br/> | | *[http://www.ccee.org.br Câmara de Comercialização de Energia Elétrica (CCEE)]<br/> |
| − | *[http://www.mme.gov.br/web/guest/conselhos-e-comites/cnpe Conselho Nacional de Política Energética (CNPE)] <br/> | + | *[http://www.mme.gov.br/web/guest/conselhos-e-comites/cnpe Conselho Nacional de Política Energética (CNPE)] <br/> |
| | *[http://www.ons.org.br Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (ONS)]<br/> | | *[http://www.ons.org.br Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (ONS)]<br/> |
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| | *[http://www.abraceel.com.br Associação Brasileira dos Comercializadores de Energia (ABRACEEL)]<br/> | | *[http://www.abraceel.com.br Associação Brasileira dos Comercializadores de Energia (ABRACEEL)]<br/> |
| − | *Associação Brasileira de Distribuidores de Energia Elétrica (ABRADEE) - [http://www.abradee.com.br/ http://www.abradee.com.br/]<br/> | + | *Associação Brasileira de Distribuidores de Energia Elétrica (ABRADEE) - [http://www.abradee.com.br/ http://www.abradee.com.br/] |
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| + | == Other Institutions == |
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| − | === Other Institutions ===
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| | *[https://www.cibiogas.org Centro Internacional de Energias Renováveis Biogás (CIBiogás)] | | *[https://www.cibiogas.org Centro Internacional de Energias Renováveis Biogás (CIBiogás)] |
| | *[http://institutoideal.org Instituto Ideal] | | *[http://institutoideal.org Instituto Ideal] |
| | *[http://www.mma.gov.br/port/conama Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA)] | | *[http://www.mma.gov.br/port/conama Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA)] |
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| | == Reseach & Development == | | == Reseach & Development == |
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| | <br/> | | <br/> |
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| | = Further Information<br/> = | | = Further Information<br/> = |
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| | *[http://www.portalsolar.com.br/energia-solar-no-brasil.html Energia Solar no Brasil] (portuguese) The Portal Solar works to spread and enable photovoltaic solar energy in Brazil. They do this by helping consumers to understand everything they need to know in order to find the best solar PV solutions on the market. It also provides a complete and updated list of solar energy courses in Brazil ([http://www.portalsolar.com.br/lista-de-cursos-de-energia-solar-fotovoltaica.html Cursos de Energia Solar]); a map of Solar Energy Companies [http://www.portalsolar.com.br/fornecedores/empresas Mapa de Empresas de Energia Solar];<br/> | | *[http://www.portalsolar.com.br/energia-solar-no-brasil.html Energia Solar no Brasil] (portuguese) The Portal Solar works to spread and enable photovoltaic solar energy in Brazil. They do this by helping consumers to understand everything they need to know in order to find the best solar PV solutions on the market. It also provides a complete and updated list of solar energy courses in Brazil ([http://www.portalsolar.com.br/lista-de-cursos-de-energia-solar-fotovoltaica.html Cursos de Energia Solar]); a map of Solar Energy Companies [http://www.portalsolar.com.br/fornecedores/empresas Mapa de Empresas de Energia Solar];<br/> |
| | *The Solar Company "[http://bluesol.com.br Blue Sol Energia Solar]" has a blog to disseminate all kinds of information about photovoltaic market in Brasil with the purpose to educate consumers about solar technology and the brazilian's photovoltaic market. E.g. Tax Exemptions of Solar Energy in Brazil [http://blog.bluesol.com.br/infografico-isencao-de-icms-para-energia-solar/ Infográfico dos estados com Isenção de ICMS e outros Impostos no Brasil para a Geração de Energia Solar]; Advantages of Residential Solar Energy [http://blog.bluesol.com.br/energia-solar-residencial-uma-otima-opcao/ Benefícios da Energia Solar Residencial]; Solar Calculator and other. | | *The Solar Company "[http://bluesol.com.br Blue Sol Energia Solar]" has a blog to disseminate all kinds of information about photovoltaic market in Brasil with the purpose to educate consumers about solar technology and the brazilian's photovoltaic market. E.g. Tax Exemptions of Solar Energy in Brazil [http://blog.bluesol.com.br/infografico-isencao-de-icms-para-energia-solar/ Infográfico dos estados com Isenção de ICMS e outros Impostos no Brasil para a Geração de Energia Solar]; Advantages of Residential Solar Energy [http://blog.bluesol.com.br/energia-solar-residencial-uma-otima-opcao/ Benefícios da Energia Solar Residencial]; Solar Calculator and other. |
| | + | *[http://adaptaclima.mma.gov.br/ AdaptaClima:] Brazilian Knowledge Platform on Climate Change Adaptation<br/> |
| | + | *The National Metrology Institute of Germany ([https://www.ptb.de/cms/en.html Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt - PTB]) jointly with the National Metrology Institute of Brazil ([https://www4.inmetro.gov.br/ Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qualidade e Tecnologia - INMETRO]) implement the project "[[:File:PTB project Brazil 95095 EN.pdf|Strengthening Quality Infrastructure for Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency]]". The project provides demand-oriented support for the national quality infrastructure - i.e. standardization, metrology, testing, certification, inspection and accreditation - in order to develop competence and enhance cooperation, thus contributing to the successful implementation of national energy-sector policies. Information about the project is also available in portuguese: [[:File:PTB project Brazil 95095 POR.pdf|Fortalecimento da Infraestrutura da Qualidade para Energias Renováveis e Eficiência Energética]]<br/>Quality infrastructure in Brazil is also supported by PTB in the frame of two regional projects, namely:<br/> - [[:File:PTB project LAC Energy 95309 EN.pdf|Quality Infrastructure for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in Latin America and the Caribbean]]<br/> - [[:File:PTB project Mercosur 95301 SP.pdf|Strengthening Quality Infrastructure for Energy Efficiency of Household Appliances]] |
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| | = References = | | = References = |
Brazil is known worldwide for its ample share of renewable sources in its energy production. According to the Brazilian energy balance, 32.9% of the domestic energy supply in 2015 was from renewable sources, such as hydropower, sugar cane products and wind (EPE, 2016). If we consider only the electricity supply, the numbers are even more positive. Renewable sources represent 75.51% of the total, of which 64% are hydro; 8%, biomass; 3.5% wind and 0.01%, solar.[1]
Brazil has suffered from serious rain pattern changes, which brought reservoir levels to very critical numbers over the last years. In 2012, the hydropower reservoirs had fallen to their lowest volume in 10 years. This resulted in the activation of many thermal power plants which had cost over R$ 8.6 billion to Brazilian consumers that year and, consequently, an increase in the participation of fossil fuels in the Brazilian Electricity mix. [3]
In 2016, an increase of the volume of rain compared to previous years allowed a growth in the hydropower generation, which resulted in a decrease of 28% in the participation of fossil-fuel power plants in the energy production. Besides, the generation from renewable sources other than hydropower increased by 19%, mainly wind and biomass. The consequence was a reduction of 30% of greenhouse gas emissions from the electric sector.[4]
The latest 10-Year Energy Expansion Plan (PDE) estimates an average growth in the Domestic Energy Supply of 2% per year. From this total, the government expects a 48% share of renewable energy in 2026.[5]
The solar energy in Brazil has been growing by leaps and bounds . There are several economic benefits and environmental that are helping to drive the growth of this renewable energy resource.
Known initiatives for promoting the use of solar energy in Brazil:
