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| − | {{Spis Irrigate}} {{Back to SPIS Toolbox}} | + | {| style="float:right" |
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| | + | |} {{Spis Irrigate}} {{Back to SPIS Toolbox}}<br/> |
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| − | === '''<span style="color:#879637;">Module Aim and Orientation</span>''' === | + | === '''<span style="color: rgb(135, 150, 55);">Module Aim and Orientation</span>''' === |
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| − | Irrigation is ….. | + | Irrigation is an important means to improving agricultural productivity, but in many developing countries, the potential for irrigated agriculture has not been realized. While irrigation bears obvious benefits, it is not without substantial impact on the environment (and by extension societies and economies dependent on this environment). Numerous technologies and approaches have therefore been developed to minimize the negative environmental and socio-economic effects. This '''IRRIGATE''' Module provides an introduction to the complexities surrounding irrigation. It is part of the Toolbox on Solar Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) (GIZ FAO, 2017), which comprises further modules and complementary tools relevant to informed decision making around SPIS. <span class="mw-customtoggle-Irrigate" style="color: blue; font-size: small; font-weight: bold; float: right; display: inline-block;"><span class="mw-customtoggletext">read more</span></span> |
| | + | <div id="mw-customcollapsible-Irrigate" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| − | In the '''[[SPIS_-_Get_Informed|GET INFORMED]]''' module the individual components of an SPIS, as well as common system configurations are described. Each component has specific maintenance requirements. The service provider maintaining the SPIS also finds useful information on its promotion in the '''[[SPIS_-_Promote_+_Initiate|PROMOTE & INITIATE]]''' module. During the maintenance routines the sustainable water abstraction rates should be checked as described in the module '''[[SPIS_Safeguard_Water|SAFEGUARD WATER]]'''. Further water-related aspects are described in the module '''IRRIGATION'''. The '''[[SPIS_Finance|FINANCE]]''' module gives an insight into financing SPIS components and configurations in different ways. The costs and efforts for maintaining the SPIS are also considered in the previous modules '''[[SPIS_Design|DESIGN]]''' and '''[[SPIS_Set_Up|SET UP]]'''.
| + | Furthermore this module is supplemented by two Excel-based tools: |
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| − | === '''<span style="color:#879637;">Chapters</span>''' === | + | *'''[[:file:IRRIGATE - Soil Tool.xlsm|IRRIGATE – Soil Tool]]''' for determining an appropriate irrigation schedule for selected crops and calculate water storage capacities |
| | + | *'''[[:file:PROMOTE & INITIATE – Impact Assessment Tool.xlsx|PROMOTE & INITIATE – Impact Assessment Tool]]''' for reviewing and weighing socio-economic and environmental impacts of an SPIS project |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | === '''<span style="color: rgb(135, 150, 55);">Chapters</span>'''<br/> === |
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| − | '''1. [[SPIS_Irrigate_-_Irrigation_Principles|Irrigation principles]]'''<br/>'''2. [[SPIS_Irrigate_-_Irrigation_Technologies|Irrigation technologies]]<br/>3. [[SPIS_Irrigate_-_Irrigation_Water_Quality_Aspects|Irrigation water quality aspects]]<br/>4. [[SPIS_Irrigate_-_Irrigation_and_the_Environment|Irrigation and the environment]]<br/>5. [[SPIS_Irrigate_-_Irrigation_and_Water_Conservation|Irrigation and water conservation]]<br/>6. [[SPIS_Irrigate_-_Irrigation_Best_Principles|Irrigation best practices]]'''<br/> | + | '''1. [[SPIS Toolbox - Introduction|Introduction]]'''<br/>'''2. [[SPIS Toolbox - Understand Water Resources|Understand water resources]]'''<br/>'''3. [[SPIS Toolbox - Assess Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts|Assess environmental and socio-economic impacts]]'''<br/>'''4. [[SPIS Toolbox - Calculate Water Requirements|Calculate water requirements]]'''<br/>'''5. [[SPIS Toolbox - Select Field Irrigation Method|Select field irrigation method]]'''<br/>'''6. [[SPIS Toolbox - Plan Intake Structures, Conveyance And Distribution|Plan intake structures, conveyance and distribution]]'''<br/>'''7. [[SPIS Toolbox - Irrigation Efficiency Tips|Irrigation efficiency tips]]'''<br/> |
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| − | === <font color="#879637">'''Tools'''</font> === | + | === <font color="#879637">'''Supplementary Tools'''</font><br/> === |
| − | *'''[[:File:IRRIGATE Soil Tool.xlsx| Irrigate Soil Tool]]'''
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| − | *'''[[SPIS_Irrigate_-_Further_Readings|Further reading, links and tools]]'''
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| − | *'''[[SPIS Toolbox - Design - Glossary|Glossary]]'''
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| − | *'''[[SPIS Toolbox - Abbreviations|Abbreviations]]'''
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| − | |} | + | *'''[[:file:IRRIGATE - Soil Tool.xlsm|IRRIGATE – Soil Tool]]'''<br/> |
| | + | **''Watch the instruction video [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ox7u-CQHRAw&t=51s here] to learn more!''<br/> |
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| | + | *Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4-pSELHwH0 «Hands-On» – How Drip Irrigation works] |
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| | + | *Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69eHRbnUKrc&t=203s «Hands-On» – How Irrigation with Mini/Micro Sprinklers works] |
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| | + | === '''<span style="color: rgb(135, 150, 55);">Further Readings</span>'''<br/> === |
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| | + | *Allen, R. 1998. “Crop Evapotranspiration”. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). |
| | + | *FAO. 2016. AQUASTAT website. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Website accessed on 27/03/2018. |
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| | + | <span class="mw-customtoggle-Irrigate2" style="color: blue; font-size: small; font-weight: bold; float: right; display: inline-block;"><span class="mw-customtoggletext">read more</span></span> |
| | + | <div id="mw-customcollapsible-Irrigate2" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | + | *Berbel, J. & Mateos, L., 2014. "Does investment in irrigation technology necessarily generate rebound effects? A simulation analysis based on an agro-economic model," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, Vol. 128, pg 25-34 |
| | + | *FAO. 2016. Water accounting and auditing: A sourcebook. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. |
| | + | *FAO. 2016b. Exploring the Concept of Water Tenure. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). |
| | + | *FAO. 2013. Multiple uses of water services in large irrigation systems. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). |
| | + | *FAO. 2012. Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the context of national food security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). |
| | + | *FAO. 2011. The state of the world’s land and water resources for food and agriculture (SOLAW) – Managing systems at risk. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and London, Earthscan. |
| | + | *FAO. 2007. Modernizing irrigation management – the MASSCOTE approach. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). |
| | + | *FAO. 2006. Plant nutrition for food security: A guide for integrated nutrient management. Rome: Fertiliser and Plant Nutrition Bulletin Nr. 16. |
| | + | *Faurès, J.-M., Svendsen, M. & Turral, H. 2007. Re-inventing irrigation. In: D. Molden (editor). Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. Earthscan, London, UK, and International Water |
| | + | *Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.HR. Hudson. 2005. Sustainable Drainage Management. New Zealand Water Environment Research Foundation. [http://www.wet.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/fieldguide_final.pdf http://www.wet.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/fieldguide_final.pdf] |
| | + | *Moriarty, P. et al. 2007. The EMPOWERS Approach to Water Governance: Guidelines, Methods and Tools. [http://waterwiki.net/images/d/d2/EMPOWERS_Guidelines,_Methods_and_Tools.pdf http://waterwiki.net/images/d/d2/EMPOWERS_Guidelines,_Methods_and_Tools.pdf] |
| | + | *Narayanamoorthy, A. 2004. “Impact Assessment of Drip Irrigation in India: The Case of Sugarcane”, Development Policy Review, Vol. 22, No.4, pp. 443-462. |
| | + | *Rijsberman, Frank. 2006. “Water Scarcity: Fact or Fiction?” Agricultural Water Management, Vol 80, No. 1-3, pg. 5-22. |
| | + | *Salinity Management Handbook 2011. Queensland Government, Australia. [https://publications.qld.gov.au/storage/f/2013-12-19T04:10:23.754Z/salinity-management-handbook.pdf https://publications.qld.gov.au/storage/f/2013-12-19T04:10:23.754Z/salinity-management-handbook.pdf] |
| | + | *Savv AP, Frenken K. 2002. Irrigation manual planning, development, monitoring and evaluation of irrigated agriculture with farmer participation. Vol. I, Modules 1-6. |
| | + | *Sustainable Agriculture Information Initiative. 2010. Technical Manual – Soil and Water Conservation. [https://wocatpedia.net/images/1/18/Technical_Manual-_Soil_and_Water_Conservation.pdf https://wocatpedia.net/images/1/18/Technical_Manual-_Soil_and_Water_Conservation.pdf] |
| | + | *Sustainable Agriculture Information Initiative. 2010. Technical Manual – Conservation Agriculture. [http://www.fao.org/ag/ca/CA-Publications/Technical_Manual_Conservation_Agriculture.pdf http://www.fao.org/ag/ca/CA-Publications/Technical_Manual_Conservation_Agriculture.pdf] |
| | + | *Walker, W.R. 2003. Surface irrigation simulation evaluation and design. Guide and technical documentation. Logan: Utah State University. [http://ocw.usu.edu/biological_and_irrigation_engineering/surface_irrigation_design/sirmod_iii_manual.pdf http://ocw.usu.edu/biological_and_irrigation_engineering/surface_irrigation_design/sirmod_iii_manual.pdf] |
| | + | *Water Accounting: [http://wateraccounting.org/ http://wateraccounting.org/] |
| | + | *WOCAT Global Database on Sustainable Land Management: [https://qcat.wocat.net/en/wocat/ https://qcat.wocat.net/en/wocat/] |
| | + | </div> |
| | {{SPIS Magic Words}} | | {{SPIS Magic Words}} |
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| | + | [[Category:SPIS_Toolbox]] |
Irrigation is an important means to improving agricultural productivity, but in many developing countries, the potential for irrigated agriculture has not been realized. While irrigation bears obvious benefits, it is not without substantial impact on the environment (and by extension societies and economies dependent on this environment). Numerous technologies and approaches have therefore been developed to minimize the negative environmental and socio-economic effects. This IRRIGATE Module provides an introduction to the complexities surrounding irrigation. It is part of the Toolbox on Solar Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) (GIZ FAO, 2017), which comprises further modules and complementary tools relevant to informed decision making around SPIS. read more
