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| | *The UN has conducted the largest consultation programme in its history to obtain opinion on what the SDGs should include. | | *The UN has conducted the largest consultation programme in its history to obtain opinion on what the SDGs should include. |
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| − | = 17 Goals for a Better Future<br/> =
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| − | Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere<br/>
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| − | Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
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| − | Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
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| − | Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
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| − | Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
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| − | Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
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| − | '''Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all'''
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| − | Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
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| − | Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
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| − | Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
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| − | Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
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| − | Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
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| − | Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
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| − | Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
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| − | Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
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| − | Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
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| − | Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
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| − | <ref name="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/">https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ </ref><br/>
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| − | {{Go to Top}}<br/>
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| | = Indicator Development and Global Reporting Mechanism = | | = Indicator Development and Global Reporting Mechanism = |
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| − | = Goal 7 on Energy in Detail<br/> = | + | = SDG 7 on Energy in Detail<br/> = |
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| | [[File:Sustainable Development Goal 7.png|border|100px|Goal 7|alt=Goal 7]] | | [[File:Sustainable Development Goal 7.png|border|100px|Goal 7|alt=Goal 7]] |
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| − | | With Goal 7, energy is finally being recognized as a key enabler for development. Universal access to energy, a higher share of renewable energy and massive improvements in energy efficiency are now part of the top global priorities for sustainable development in the years to come. | + | | With SDG 7, energy is finally being recognized as a key enabler for development. Universal access to energy, a higher share of renewable energy and massive improvements in energy efficiency are now part of the top global priorities for sustainable development in the years to come. |
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| | *7.a By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology | | *7.a By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology |
| − | **Indicator 7.a.1: International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems<span style="left: 522.683px; top: 249.643px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.917013)"></span> | + | **Indicator 7.a.1: International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems<span style="left: 522.683px; top: 249.643px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.917013)"></span> |
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| | For results worldwide and more details on the methodologies for tracking SDG 7 check the [https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/ SDG 7 tracking homepage of World Bank / ESMAP]. | | For results worldwide and more details on the methodologies for tracking SDG 7 check the [https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/ SDG 7 tracking homepage of World Bank / ESMAP]. |
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| | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2016 == | | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2016 == |
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| − | The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2016/75.<ref name="http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E .">http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E .</ref> | + | The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2016/75.<ref name="UN (2016): Report of the Secretary-General on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E">UN (2016): Report of the Secretary-General on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E</ref> |
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| | *Energy is crucial for achieving almost all of the Sustainable Development Goals, from its role in the eradication of poverty through advancements in health, education, water supply and industrialization, to combating climate change. | | *Energy is crucial for achieving almost all of the Sustainable Development Goals, from its role in the eradication of poverty through advancements in health, education, water supply and industrialization, to combating climate change. |
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| | *The proportion of the world’s population with access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking increased from 51 per cent in 2000 to 58 per cent in 2014, although there has been limited progress since 2010. The absolute number of people relying on polluting fuels and technologies for cooking, such as solid fuels and kerosene, however, has actually increased, reaching an estimated three billion people. Limited progress since 2010 falls substantially short of global population growth and is almost exclusively confined to urban areas. | | *The proportion of the world’s population with access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking increased from 51 per cent in 2000 to 58 per cent in 2014, although there has been limited progress since 2010. The absolute number of people relying on polluting fuels and technologies for cooking, such as solid fuels and kerosene, however, has actually increased, reaching an estimated three billion people. Limited progress since 2010 falls substantially short of global population growth and is almost exclusively confined to urban areas. |
| | *The share of renewable energy (derived from hydropower, solid and liquid biofuels, wind, the sun, biogas, geothermal and marine sources, and waste) in the world’s total final energy consumption has increased slowly, from 17.4 per cent in 2000 to 18.1 per cent in 2012. More telling is the fact that modern renewable energy consumption, which excludes solid biofuels used for traditional purposes, grew rapidly, at a rate of 4 per cent a year between 2010 and 2012, and accounted for 60 per cent of all new power-generating capacity in 2014. In absolute terms, about 72 per cent of the increase in energy consumption from modern renewable sources between 2010 and 2012 came from developing regions, mostly from Eastern Asia. The technologies making the largest contribution have been hydropower, wind and solar energy; together they account for 73 per cent of the total increase in modern renewable energy between 2010 and 2012. | | *The share of renewable energy (derived from hydropower, solid and liquid biofuels, wind, the sun, biogas, geothermal and marine sources, and waste) in the world’s total final energy consumption has increased slowly, from 17.4 per cent in 2000 to 18.1 per cent in 2012. More telling is the fact that modern renewable energy consumption, which excludes solid biofuels used for traditional purposes, grew rapidly, at a rate of 4 per cent a year between 2010 and 2012, and accounted for 60 per cent of all new power-generating capacity in 2014. In absolute terms, about 72 per cent of the increase in energy consumption from modern renewable sources between 2010 and 2012 came from developing regions, mostly from Eastern Asia. The technologies making the largest contribution have been hydropower, wind and solar energy; together they account for 73 per cent of the total increase in modern renewable energy between 2010 and 2012. |
| − | *Energy intensity, calculated by dividing total primary energy supply by GDP, reveals how much energy is used to produce one unit of economic output. Globally, energy intensity decreased by 1.7 per cent per year from 2010 to 2012. This represents a considerable improvement over the period from 1990 to 2010, when it decreased by 1.2 per cent a year. As a result, global energy intensity, which stood at 6.7 (millijoules (mJ) per 2011 United States dollar ppp) in 2000 fell to 5.7 by 2012. The proportion of the world’s energy use covered by mandatory energy efficiency regulation, which has almost doubled over the past decade, from 14 per cent in 2005 to 27 per cent in 2014, was a factor. Still, current progress is only about two thirds of the pace needed to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency. Among end-use sectors, industry was the largest contributor to reduced energy intensity, followed closely by transportation. About 68 per cent of the savings in energy intensity between 2010 and 2012 came from developing regions, with Eastern Asia as the largest contributor.<ref name="Report of the Secretary-General,">Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2016/75 http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E .</ref> | + | *Energy intensity, calculated by dividing total primary energy supply by GDP, reveals how much energy is used to produce one unit of economic output. Globally, energy intensity decreased by 1.7 per cent per year from 2010 to 2012. This represents a considerable improvement over the period from 1990 to 2010, when it decreased by 1.2 per cent a year. As a result, global energy intensity, which stood at 6.7 (millijoules (mJ) per 2011 United States dollar ppp) in 2000 fell to 5.7 by 2012. The proportion of the world’s energy use covered by mandatory energy efficiency regulation, which has almost doubled over the past decade, from 14 per cent in 2005 to 27 per cent in 2014, was a factor. Still, current progress is only about two thirds of the pace needed to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency. Among end-use sectors, industry was the largest contributor to reduced energy intensity, followed closely by transportation. About 68 per cent of the savings in energy intensity between 2010 and 2012 came from developing regions, with Eastern Asia as the largest contributor.<ref name="UN (2016): Report of the Secretary-General on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E">UN (2016): Report of the Secretary-General on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E</ref> |
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| | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2017 == | | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2017 == |
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| − | The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2017/66.<ref name="Report of the Secretary-General,">Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2017/66, http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2017/66&Lang=E.</ref> | + | The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2017/66.<ref name="Report of the Secretary-General,">Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 2017",https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2017/secretary-general-sdg-report-2017--EN.pdf</ref> |
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| | Progress in every area of sustainable energy falls short of what is needed to achieve energy access for all and to meet targets for renewable energy and energy efficiency. Meaningful improvements will require higher levels of financing and bolder policy commitments, together with the willingness of countries to embrace new technologies on a much wider scale. | | Progress in every area of sustainable energy falls short of what is needed to achieve energy access for all and to meet targets for renewable energy and energy efficiency. Meaningful improvements will require higher levels of financing and bolder policy commitments, together with the willingness of countries to embrace new technologies on a much wider scale. |
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| | *Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking climbed to 57.4 per cent in 2014, up slightly from 56.5 per cent in 2012. More than 3 billion people, the majority of them in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, are still cooking without clean fuels and more efficient technologies. | | *Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking climbed to 57.4 per cent in 2014, up slightly from 56.5 per cent in 2012. More than 3 billion people, the majority of them in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, are still cooking without clean fuels and more efficient technologies. |
| | *The share of renewable energy in final energy consumption grew modestly from 2012 to 2014, from 17.9 per cent to 18.3 per cent. Most of the increase was from renewable electricity from water, solar and wind power. Solar and wind power still make up a relatively minor share of energy consumption, despite their rapid growth in recent years. The challenge is to increase the share of renewable energy in the heat and transport sectors, which together account for 80 per cent of global energy consumption. | | *The share of renewable energy in final energy consumption grew modestly from 2012 to 2014, from 17.9 per cent to 18.3 per cent. Most of the increase was from renewable electricity from water, solar and wind power. Solar and wind power still make up a relatively minor share of energy consumption, despite their rapid growth in recent years. The challenge is to increase the share of renewable energy in the heat and transport sectors, which together account for 80 per cent of global energy consumption. |
| − | *From 2012 to 2014, three quarters of the world’s 20 largest energy-consuming countries had reduced their energy intensity — the ratio of energy used per unit of GDP. The reduction was driven mainly by greater efficiencies in the industry and transport sectors. However, that progress is still not sufficient to meet the target of doubling the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.<ref name="Report of the Secretary-General,">Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2017/66, http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2017/66&Lang=E.</ref> | + | *From 2012 to 2014, three quarters of the world’s 20 largest energy-consuming countries had reduced their energy intensity — the ratio of energy used per unit of GDP. The reduction was driven mainly by greater efficiencies in the industry and transport sectors. However, that progress is still not sufficient to meet the target of doubling the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.<ref name="Report of the Secretary-General,">Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 2017",https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2017/secretary-general-sdg-report-2017--EN.pdf</ref> |
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| − | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2018 == | + | <br/> |
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| | + | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2018<br/> == |
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| | The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General 2018: Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.<ref name="Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General 2018: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2018/secretary-general-sdg-report-2018--EN.pdf">Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General 2018: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2018/secretary-general-sdg-report-2018--EN.pdf</ref> | | The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General 2018: Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.<ref name="Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General 2018: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2018/secretary-general-sdg-report-2018--EN.pdf">Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General 2018: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2018/secretary-general-sdg-report-2018--EN.pdf</ref> |
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| − | <br/> | + | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2019<br/> == |
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| − | = Energy and other SDGs<br/> = | + | The following points are copied from the Report of the Secretary-General on SDG Progress 2019<ref name="UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf">UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf</ref>.<br/> |
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| − | Energy access, renewable energy, energy efficiency and other energy-related issues are also contributing to the achievement of almost all SDGs.
| + | Access to electricity in the poorest countries has begun to accelerate, energy efficiency continues to improve and renewable energy is making gains in electricity sector. Despite this progress, some 800 million people remain without electricity while access to clean cooking fuels and technologies needs dedicated attention. In addition, if Sustainable Development Goals 7, 13 and related Goals are to be met, much higher levels of ambition are required with regard to renewable energy, including transportation and heating. |
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| | + | *The '''global electrification rate rose from 83 per cent in 2010 to 87 per cent in 2015''', with the increase accelerating to reach 89 per cent in 2017. However, '''some 840 million people around the world are still without access to electricity'''. |
| | + | *The '''global share of the population with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies reached 61 per cent in 2017''', up from 57 per cent in 2010. Despite this progress, '''close to 3 billion people still rely primarily on inefficient and polluting cooking systems.''' |
| | + | *The r'''enewable energy share of total final energy consumption gradually increased from 16.6 per cent in 2010 to 17.5 per cent in 2016,''' though '''much faster change is required to meet climate goals'''. Even though the absolute level of renewable energy consumption has grown by more than 18 per cent since 2010, only since 2012 has the growth of renewables outpaced the growth of total energy consumption. |
| | + | *'''Global primary energy intensity '''(ratio of energy used per unit of GDP) '''improved from 5.9 in 2010 to 5.1 in 2016''', a rate of improvement of 2.3 per cent, which is '''still short of the 2.7 per cent annual rate needed '''to reach target 3 of Sustainable Development Goal 7. |
| | + | *International '''financial flows''' to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy '''reached $18.6 billion in 2016, almost doubling from $9.9 billion in 2010'''.<ref name="UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf">UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf</ref> |
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| − | == Explicit Mentions of Energy<br/> ==
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| − | Besides SDG 7, energy-related issues are mentioned explicitly in Goal 12 on sustainable consumption. This means governments will have to report on it.
| + | For more details on tracking SDG 7 see The World Bank (2019): "[https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/data/files/download-documents/2019-tracking_sdg7-complete-rev030320.pdf 2019 Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report]" |
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| − | In previous framework versions, Goal 4 had an indicator 4.a.1 which stated i.a. the "Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity (...)"<ref name="UN Stats SDG Indicators Metadata repository http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-04-0A-01.pdf">UN Stats SDG Indicators Metadata repository http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-04-0A-01.pdf</ref>
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| − | However, this indicator is no longer entailed in the 2020 Global Indicator Framework.
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| + | == <span style="background-color: initial; font-size: 19.04px">Progress of Goal 7 in 2020</span><br/> == |
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| − | === Goal 12<br/> ===
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| − | [[File:Sustainable Development Goal 12.png|border|75px|Goal 12|alt=Goal 12]] '''Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns'''<br/>
| + | <span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">The following points are copied from the Report of the Secretary-General on SDG Progress 2020.<ref>Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General (2020) https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/26158Final_SG_SDG_Progress_Report_14052020.pdf</ref></span><br/> |
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| − | *<span style="left: 99.6px; top: 761.326px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.904094)"></span>12.a Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production
| + | The world is making good progress on increasing access to electricity and improving energy efficiency. However, still millions of people around the world lack access to electricity and progress on access to clean cooking fuels and technologies is too slow. The COVID-19 pandemic spotlights the need for reliable and affordable electricity to health centres. However, a survey conducted in selected developing countries showed that one quarter of the health facilities surveyed were not electrified and another quarter reported unscheduled outages affecting their capacity to deliver essential health services. All these facts further weaken the health system response to the current health crisis. <br/> |
| − | **Indicator 12.a.1 Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries (in watts per capita)<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>
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| − | *12.c Rationalize inefficient '''fossil-fuel subsidies '''that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities. | + | *The '''global electrification rate rose from 83% in 2010 to 90% by 2018'''. Latin America and the Caribbean and Eastern and South-Eastern Asia maintained strong progress, exceeding '''98% access by 2018'''. Conversely, the world’s deficit is increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa where around'''548 million, or 53% of its population, lack access to electricity.'''<br/> |
| − | **Indicator 12.c.1 Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies per unit of GDP (production and consumption).<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref> | + | *Access to'''clean cooking fuels and technologies''' increased to '''63% in 2018, from 60% in 2015 and 56% in 2010'''. Still, '''2.8 billion people''' lack such access and rely primarily on inefficient and 12 polluting cooking systems. Because of a stagnant rate and fast population growth, in sub-Saharan Africa, '''the number of people without access to clean fuels for cooking increased'''<br/> |
| | + | *The '''renewable energy share of total final energy consumption gradually increased from 16.3% in 2010 to 17.0% in 2015 and 17.3% in 2017'''. Much faster growth is required to meet long-term climate goals.<br/> |
| | + | *'''Global primary energy intensity''' (energy used per unit of GDP) '''improved by 2.2% annually, from 5.2 in 2015 to 5.0 in 2017''', a rate still short of the 2.7% annual rate needed to reach SDG target 7.3.<br/> |
| | + | *International '''financial flows''' to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy reached '''$21.4 billion in 2017''', '''13% more than in 2016''', and a two-fold increase from flows committed in 2010. Hydropower projects received '''46% of 2017 flows''', while solar projects received '''19%''', wind '''7%''' and geothermal '''6%'''.<br/> |
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| − | See [[#Goal_12_2|below]] for further targets and indicators of [[#Goal_12_2|Goal 12]] and the implicit contribution of energy to achieving them
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| − | == Implicit Contribution and Impact of Energy on other SDGs<br/> == | + | = Energy and its contribution to the achievement of other SDGs<br/> = |
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| − | Although not explicitly mentioned in targets or indicators of many development goals, energy services and technologies contribute to their achievement by facilitating and enabling relevant development processes.<span style="color:#FF0000"></span><br/>
| + | Energy access, renewable energy, energy efficiency and other energy-related issues are contributing directly or indirectly to the achievement of almost all other SDGs by facilitating and enabling relevant development processes.<br/> |
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| − | The following is a list with first explanations and possible impacts. Please feel free to elaborate on further points.<br/>
| + | Besides SDG 7, however, energy is only mentioned explicitly in Goal 12 on sustainable consumption (see below in the table). This means governments will have to report on it.<br/>In previous framework versions, Goal 4 had an indicator 4.a.1 which stated i.a. the "Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity (...)"<ref name="UN Stats SDG Indicators Metadata repository http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-04-0A-01.pdf">UN Stats SDG Indicators Metadata repository http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-04-0A-01.pdf</ref> However, this indicator is no longer entailed in the 2020 Global Indicator Framework. The following list shows to which goals or indicators energy contributes. It is not necessarily comprehensive, so feel free to add further goals and indicators where energy plays a role in achieving them.<br/> |
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| − | <br/> | + | {{Go to Top}}<br/><br/><br/> |
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| | === Goal 1<br/> === | | === Goal 1<br/> === |
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| | {| style="width: 100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | | {| style="width: 100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" |
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| − | | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 218px" | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | | style="width: 218px" | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
| | | style="width: 243px" | '''Relevance of energy'''<br/> | | | style="width: 243px" | '''Relevance of energy'''<br/> |
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| − | 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all<br/>people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day<br/> | + | 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day<br/> |
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| | | colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="width: 243px" | | | | colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="width: 243px" | |
| − | Production and commercialisation of efficient stoves as well as the rise of the renewable sector (e.g. sale, installation and services of solar panels, pico PV lamps etc) create jobs and small business, leading to income generation for both women and men. | + | Production and commercialisation of efficient stoves as well as the rise of the renewable energy sector (e.g. sale, installation and services of solar panels, pico PV lamps etc) create jobs and small businesses, leading to income generation for both women and men. |
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| | Furthermore, families save money and time due to reduced fuel demand for cooking and lighting.<br/> | | Furthermore, families save money and time due to reduced fuel demand for cooking and lighting.<br/> |
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| − | 1.4.1* Proportion of the population living in households with access to basic services<br/> | + | 1.4.1 Proportion of the population living in households with access to basic services<br/> |
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| | |} | | |} |
| − |
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| − | (*Indicator 1.4.1 still under development, no meta data available (March 2016)<br/>
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| | <br/> | | <br/> |
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| | {{Go to Top}}<br/> | | {{Go to Top}}<br/> |
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| − | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
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| − | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
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| − | 2.3.1 Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size<br/><br/>2.3.2*Total Factor Productivity<br/> | + | 2.3.1 Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size<br/><br/>2.3.2 Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status<span style="left: 522.683px; top: 848.926px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.884545)"></span> |
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| − | 2.4.2<ref>This indicator is still being reviewed</ref> Percentage of agricultural households using irrigation systems compared to all agricultural households | + | 2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture |
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| − | Almost all irrigation systems need [[:Category:Solar Pumping|energy to pump water]].
| + | For a productive and sustainable agriculture, renewable energy is key e.g. for [[:Category:Solar Pumping|pumping water]]. |
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| | Impacts of renewable / clean / efficient energy:<br/> | | Impacts of renewable / clean / efficient energy:<br/> |
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| − | When it comes to a functioning health system, energy is a key component: vaccines and medicines need to be refrigerated, equipment needs sterilisation and light is needed for operations and emergencies at night. | + | When it comes to a functioning health system, energy is a key component: vaccines and medicines need to be refrigerated, equipment needs sterilisation and light is needed for operations and emergencies at night. See also the article [[Energy for Rural Health Centers|Energy for Rural Health Centers.]] |
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| | Clean / improved technologies and fuels for cooking, heating and lighting emit less particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO), thus reducing the risk of respiratory diseases and eye infections, especially in women and in children under five years. Furthermore, by replacing traditional cooking and lighting technologies (e.g. open fires and kerosene lamps) with improved cookstoves which shield the fire and solar lanterns, the risk of burns, injuries and fires is reduced. | | Clean / improved technologies and fuels for cooking, heating and lighting emit less particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO), thus reducing the risk of respiratory diseases and eye infections, especially in women and in children under five years. Furthermore, by replacing traditional cooking and lighting technologies (e.g. open fires and kerosene lamps) with improved cookstoves which shield the fire and solar lanterns, the risk of burns, injuries and fires is reduced. |
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| − | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
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| − | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
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| − | 3.2 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age (...)</span><br/> | + | 3.2 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age (...)</span><br/> |
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| − | 3.2.1 Under - 5 mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)<br/> | + | 3.2.1 Under - 5 mortality rate<br/> |
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| − | <span>Over half of deaths among children less than 5 years old, from acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) are due to particulate matter released from indoor air pollution from household solid fuels<ref name="WHO (2016): Household air pollution and health. Fact sheet N°292, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/">WHO (2016): Household air pollution and health. Fact sheet N°292, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/</ref></span> | + | <span>Close to half of deaths due to pneumonia among children less than 5 years old are caused by particulate matter released from indoor air pollution from household solid fuels.<ref name="WHO (2018): Household air pollution and health. Fact Sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health">WHO (2018): Household air pollution and health. Fact Sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health</ref></span> |
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| − | 3.4 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, reduce by one third premature </span><span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being</span><br/> | + | 3.4 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, reduce by one third premature </span><span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being</span><br/> |
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| − | According to WHO, 3.8 million premature deaths annually from noncommunicable diseases including stroke, ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, are attributed to exposure to household air pollution.<ref name="WHO (2016): Household air pollution and health. Fact sheet N°292, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/">WHO (2016): Household air pollution and health. Fact sheet N°292, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/</ref> | + | According to WHO, 3.8 million premature deaths annually from noncommunicable diseases including stroke, ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, are attributed to exposure to household air pollution.<ref name="WHO (2018): Household air pollution and health. Fact Sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health">WHO (2018): Household air pollution and health. Fact Sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health</ref> |
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| − | 3.9 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination</span><br/> | + | 3.9 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination</span><br/> |
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| − | According to WHO smoke from traditional cooking technologies causes 4.3 million premature deaths per year.<ref name="WHO (2016): Household air pollution and health. Fact sheet N°292, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/">WHO (2016): Household air pollution and health. Fact sheet N°292, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/</ref> | + | According to WHO smoke from traditional cooking technologies causes 3.8 million premature deaths per year.<ref name="WHO (2018): Household air pollution and health. Fact Sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health">WHO (2018): Household air pollution and health. Fact Sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health</ref> |
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| | |} | | |} |
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| | Energy services reduce the working time and provide some free time to especially women and children, and also enable the use of modern communication and learning tools.<br/> | | Energy services reduce the working time and provide some free time to especially women and children, and also enable the use of modern communication and learning tools.<br/> |
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| − | See also explicit mention of energy in Goal 4 [[#Goal_4|above]]
| + | <br/> |
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| | {| style="width: 100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | | {| style="width: 100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" |
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| − | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
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| − | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
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| | *children spend less time on collecting firewood thus have more time to go to school.<br/> | | *children spend less time on collecting firewood thus have more time to go to school.<br/> |
| − | *Women and girls spend less time on cooking due to more efficient cookstoves<br/>
| + | *Use of less fuelwood reduces the cost for school feeding programmes, thus more children attending school get a warm meal |
| − | *Use of less fuelwood reduces the cost for school feeding programmes, thus more children attending school get a warm meal<br/> | + | |
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| | lighting:<br/> | | lighting:<br/> |
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| − | 4.3.1 Participation rate of youth and adults in<br/>formal and non-formal education and training in the last 12 months<br/> | + | 4.3.1 Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the last 12 months<br/> |
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| | The use of educational media and communications in schools, including computers, Internet or movies is not possible without energy<br/> | | The use of educational media and communications in schools, including computers, Internet or movies is not possible without energy<br/> |
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| | + | |- |
| | + | | 4.a Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all |
| | + | | 4.a.1 Proportion of schools offering basic services, by type of service |
| | + | | Basic services for effective learning environments include access to electricity. |
| | |} | | |} |
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| − | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
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| − | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>''' |
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| − | Energy services reduce the time spent by women and girls on basic survival activities (gathering firewood, fetching water, cooking, etc.)<br/>
| + | Modern energy services reduce the time spent by women and girls on basic survival activities (gathering firewood, fetching water, cooking, etc.)<br/> |
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| − | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>''' |
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| − | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>''' |
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| | | 6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all <br/> | | | 6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all <br/> |
| | | 6.1.1 Percentage of population using safely managed drinking water services <br/> | | | 6.1.1 Percentage of population using safely managed drinking water services <br/> |
| − | | 663 million people do not have access to clean drinking water. <ref>http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/</ref>[[Solar Water Purification in India|Water purification]] and [[Wind Energy - Water Desalination|desalination]] using solar or wind energy could help to address this issue | + | | 579 million people do not have access to clean, protected and treated, drinking water. <ref name="WHO 2019: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water">WHO 2019: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water</ref> [[Solar Water Purification in India|Water purification]] and [[Wind Energy - Water Desalination|desalination]] using solar or wind energy could help to address this issue |
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| − | 6.6.1 Percentage of change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time | + | 6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time |
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| − | | style="width: 232px" | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | | style="width: 232px" | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 166px" | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | | style="width: 166px" | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
| | | style="width: 345px" | '''Relevance of energy'''<br/> | | | style="width: 345px" | '''Relevance of energy'''<br/> |
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| | | style="width: 166px" | | | | style="width: 166px" | |
| − | 8.3.1 Share of informal employment in non-agriculture employment, by sex<br/> | + | 8.3.1 Proportion of informal employment in total employment, by sector and sex<br/> |
| | | | |
| | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="width: 345px" | | | | colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="width: 345px" | |
| − | The production and commercialisation of improved stoves as well as the production / selling / installation of PV products and related services creates jobs and small businesses for men and women.<br/> | + | The production / selling / installation of PV products and related services creates jobs and small businesses for men and women. The same holds true for the production and commercialisation of improved stoves. |
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| | Furthermore, energy access and energy efficiency enable enhanced productivity and inclusive economic growth.<br/> | | Furthermore, energy access and energy efficiency enable enhanced productivity and inclusive economic growth.<br/> |
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| − | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>''' |
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| − | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>''' |
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| − | Modern and efficient energy technologies emit less CO<sub>2</sub><br/> | + | Modern and efficient energy technologies emit less or no CO<sub>2</sub> at all.<br/> |
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| − | 9.c.1 Percentage of population covered by a mobile network, by technology<br/> | + | 9.c.1 Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology<br/> |
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| − | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
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| − | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
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| | === Goal 12<br/> === | | === Goal 12<br/> === |
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| − | [[File:Sustainable Development Goal 12.png|border|75px|Goal 12|alt=Goal 12]] '''Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns'''<br/>See also explicit mention [[#Goal_12|above]] | + | [[File:Sustainable Development Goal 12.png|border|75px|Goal 12|alt=Goal 12]] '''Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns'''<br/>This is the only SDG, where energy and energy-related issues are mentioned explicitly in the indicators (marked in bold). |
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| − | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
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| − | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>'''<br/> | + | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>'''<br/> |
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| − | 12.2.1* Material footprint<br/>and material footprint per<br/>capita<br/> | + | 12.2.1 Material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP |
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| | | style="width: 257px" | 12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses<br/> | | | style="width: 257px" | 12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 166px" | 12.3.1 Global food loss index | + | | style="width: 166px" | 12.3.1 (a) Food loss index and (b) food waste index |
| | | style="width: 320px" | Energy is crucial to reduce food losses along food supply and value chains via cold storage, drying etc.<ref name="https://energypedia.info/wiki/Opportunities_for_Agri-Food_Chains_to_become_Energy-Smart">https://energypedia.info/wiki/Opportunities_for_Agri-Food_Chains_to_become_Energy-Smart</ref><br/> | | | style="width: 320px" | Energy is crucial to reduce food losses along food supply and value chains via cold storage, drying etc.<ref name="https://energypedia.info/wiki/Opportunities_for_Agri-Food_Chains_to_become_Energy-Smart">https://energypedia.info/wiki/Opportunities_for_Agri-Food_Chains_to_become_Energy-Smart</ref><br/> |
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| | + | | style="width: 257px" | 12.a Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production<br/> |
| | + | | style="width: 166px" | 12.a.1 '''Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries (in watts per capita)'''<br/> |
| | + | | style="width: 320px" | Renewable energy generation doesn't contribute to global warming, sun and wind energy are non-exhaustive compared to fossil fuels.<br/> |
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| | + | | style="width: 257px" | 12.c Rationalize inefficient '''fossil-fuel subsidies '''that encourage wasteful consumption by removing market distortions, in accordance with national circumstances, including by restructuring taxation and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts, taking fully into account the specific needs and conditions of developing countries and minimizing the possible adverse impacts on their development in a manner that protects the poor and the affected communities.<br/> |
| | + | | style="width: 166px" | 12.c.1'''Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies per unit of GDP (production and consumption).'''<br/> |
| | + | | style="width: 320px" | Fossil fuel combustion is the major source of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (89%).<ref name="https://www.wri.org/blog/2020/02/greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-country-sector">https://www.wri.org/blog/2020/02/greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-country-sector</ref><br/> |
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| − | *Indicator still being reviewed<br/>
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| − | | style="width: 273px" | | + | | style="width: 216px" | |
| − | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>''' |
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| − | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>''' |
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| | '''Relevance of energy''' | | '''Relevance of energy''' |
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| | 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning<br/> | | 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning<br/> |
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| − | | style="width: 119px" | | + | | style="width: 239px" | |
| − | <br/>
| + | 13.2.1 Number of countries with nationally determined contributions, long-term strategies, national adaptation plans, strategies as reported in adaptation communications and national communications |
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| − | | | + | <span style="left: 610.117px; top: 488.093px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.876821)"></span>13.2.2 Total greenhouse gas emissions per year |
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| | Up to 25% of black carbon emissions come from burning solid fuels for household energy needs <ref name="https://cleancookstoves.org/binary-data/RESOURCE/file/000/000/470-1.pdf">Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, https://cleancookstoves.org/binary-data/RESOURCE/file/000/000/470-1.pdf</ref> | | Up to 25% of black carbon emissions come from burning solid fuels for household energy needs <ref name="https://cleancookstoves.org/binary-data/RESOURCE/file/000/000/470-1.pdf">Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, https://cleancookstoves.org/binary-data/RESOURCE/file/000/000/470-1.pdf</ref> |
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| | + | <span style="color:#FF0000">Greenhouse gas emissions by sector</span> |
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| − | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>''' |
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| − | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>''' |
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| − | 15.2.1 Forest cover under sustainable forest<br/>management | + | 15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable forest management<span style="left: 701.317px; top: 305.841px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.886648)"></span> |
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| − | 15.2.2 Net permanent forest loss<br/><br/>
| + | <br/><br/> |
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| | {{Go to Top}}<br/> | | {{Go to Top}}<br/> |
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| | === Goal 17 === | | === Goal 17 === |
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| − | '''Targets<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Targets<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>''' |
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| − | '''Indicators<ref name="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf</ref>''' | + | '''Indicators<ref name="Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf">Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%202020%20review_Eng.pdf</ref>''' |
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| − | 17.6.2: Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by speed | + | 17.6.1: Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, by speed |
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| | = Further Information<br/> = | | = Further Information<br/> = |
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| − | *Overview on all 17 goals: [https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300  https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300 ]; | + | *Overview on all 17 goals: [https://sdgs.un.org/goals https://sdgs.un.org/goals] |
| | *[[Monitoring and reporting of SDG 7|Monitoring and reporting of SDG 7]] | | *[[Monitoring and reporting of SDG 7|Monitoring and reporting of SDG 7]] |
| − | *Stevance, Anne-Sophie, Dave Griggs, Måns Nilsson, and David McCollum, eds. ‘A GUIDE TO SDG INTERACTIONS: FROM SCIENCE TO IMPLEMENTATION’. International Council for Science (ICSU), 2017. [https://www.icsu.org/cms/2017/05/SDGs-Guide-to-Interactions.pdf https://www.icsu.org/cms/2017/05/SDGs-Guide-to-Interactions.pdf]. Chapter on SDG 7 (p. 127-173) includes linkages between SDG7 and other SDGs | + | *Stevance, Anne-Sophie, Dave Griggs, Måns Nilsson, and David McCollum, eds. ‘A GUIDE TO SDG INTERACTIONS: FROM SCIENCE TO IMPLEMENTATION’. International Council for Science (ICSU), 2017. Chapter on SDG 7 (p. 127-173) includes linkages between SDG7 and other SDGs. [https://council.science/publications/a-guide-to-sdg-interactions-from-science-to-implementation/ https://council.science/publications/a-guide-to-sdg-interactions-from-science-to-implementation/] |
| | *Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld] | | *Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld] |
| | *[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf Report of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators] gives an overview of the<br/>indicator framework development process and lists the proposed indicators. E/CN.3/2016/2 | | *[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf Report of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators] gives an overview of the<br/>indicator framework development process and lists the proposed indicators. E/CN.3/2016/2 |
| − | *UNDP: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015-development-agenda.html  http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015-development-agenda.html ];
| |
| | *[http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/ Global SDG Indicators Database] provides access to data compiled through the UN System | | *[http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/ Global SDG Indicators Database] provides access to data compiled through the UN System |
| | *[http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/metadata-compilation/ Compilation of Meta Data] for the Proposed Global Indicators, Inter-agency Expert Group on SDG Indicators, March 2016 | | *[http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/metadata-compilation/ Compilation of Meta Data] for the Proposed Global Indicators, Inter-agency Expert Group on SDG Indicators, March 2016 |
| − | *MDGs - goals, targets, indicators: [http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/gti.htm http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/gti.htm]
| |
| | *Sustainable development goals: all you need to know. the Guardian. [http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-united-nations http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-united-nations] | | *Sustainable development goals: all you need to know. the Guardian. [http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-united-nations http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-united-nations] |
| | *Renewable Energy Technologies on energypedia.info: Renewable energy technologies have to be used to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7. In the following portals on energypedia.info practical descriptions of these technologies and their application in the context of developing countries are provided: | | *Renewable Energy Technologies on energypedia.info: Renewable energy technologies have to be used to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7. In the following portals on energypedia.info practical descriptions of these technologies and their application in the context of developing countries are provided: |
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| | *[https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?page=view&nr=2749&type=13&menu=1634 Accelerating SDG7 Achievement: Policy Briefs in support of the first SDG7 review at the UN High Level Political Forum 2018, April 2018] | | *[https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?page=view&nr=2749&type=13&menu=1634 Accelerating SDG7 Achievement: Policy Briefs in support of the first SDG7 review at the UN High Level Political Forum 2018, April 2018] |
| | + | *IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, WHO (2020): [https://irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2020/May/SDG7Tracking_Energy_Progress_2020.pdf Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2020] |
| | + | *[http://ccsi.columbia.edu/work/projects/mapping-renewables-to-the-sustainable-development-goals/ http://ccsi.columbia.edu/work/projects/mapping-renewables-to-the-sustainable-development-goals/] |
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| − | [[Category:Sustainable_Development_Goals_(SDGs)]] | + | [[Category:Energy_Access]] |
| | + | [[Category:Energy_Efficiency]] |
| | [[Category:Renewable_Energy]] | | [[Category:Renewable_Energy]] |
| | + | [[Category:Sustainable_Development_Goals_(SDGs)]] |
Based on their level of methodological development and overall data availability, the indicators are grouped into three different tiers:[3]
The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2016/75.[7]
The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2017/66.[8]
Progress in every area of sustainable energy falls short of what is needed to achieve energy access for all and to meet targets for renewable energy and energy efficiency. Meaningful improvements will require higher levels of financing and bolder policy commitments, together with the willingness of countries to embrace new technologies on a much wider scale.
The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General 2018: Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.[9]
Ensuring access to affordable, reliable and modern energy for all has come one step closer due to recent progress in electrification, particularly in LDCs, and improvements in industrial energy efficiency. However, national priorities and policy ambitions still need to be strengthened to put the world on track to meet the energy targets for 2030.
The following points are copied from the Report of the Secretary-General on SDG Progress 2019[10].
Access to electricity in the poorest countries has begun to accelerate, energy efficiency continues to improve and renewable energy is making gains in electricity sector. Despite this progress, some 800 million people remain without electricity while access to clean cooking fuels and technologies needs dedicated attention. In addition, if Sustainable Development Goals 7, 13 and related Goals are to be met, much higher levels of ambition are required with regard to renewable energy, including transportation and heating.
The world is making good progress on increasing access to electricity and improving energy efficiency. However, still millions of people around the world lack access to electricity and progress on access to clean cooking fuels and technologies is too slow. The COVID-19 pandemic spotlights the need for reliable and affordable electricity to health centres. However, a survey conducted in selected developing countries showed that one quarter of the health facilities surveyed were not electrified and another quarter reported unscheduled outages affecting their capacity to deliver essential health services. All these facts further weaken the health system response to the current health crisis.
Energy access, renewable energy, energy efficiency and other energy-related issues are contributing directly or indirectly to the achievement of almost all other SDGs by facilitating and enabling relevant development processes.
Besides SDG 7, however, energy is only mentioned explicitly in Goal 12 on sustainable consumption (see below in the table). This means governments will have to report on it.
In previous framework versions, Goal 4 had an indicator 4.a.1 which stated i.a. the "Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity (...)"[12] However, this indicator is no longer entailed in the 2020 Global Indicator Framework. The following list shows to which goals or indicators energy contributes. It is not necessarily comprehensive, so feel free to add further goals and indicators where energy plays a role in achieving them.
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Although there is no mention of energy in targets or in indicators, energy plays a vital role to ending hunger, improving nutrition and increasing agricultural productivity in a sustainable way.
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When it comes to a functioning health system, energy is a key component: vaccines and medicines need to be refrigerated, equipment needs sterilisation and light is needed for operations and emergencies at night. See also the article Energy for Rural Health Centers.
Clean / improved technologies and fuels for cooking, heating and lighting emit less particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO), thus reducing the risk of respiratory diseases and eye infections, especially in women and in children under five years. Furthermore, by replacing traditional cooking and lighting technologies (e.g. open fires and kerosene lamps) with improved cookstoves which shield the fire and solar lanterns, the risk of burns, injuries and fires is reduced.
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Energy services reduce the working time and provide some free time to especially women and children, and also enable the use of modern communication and learning tools.
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