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| | *The UN has conducted the largest consultation programme in its history to obtain opinion on what the SDGs should include. | | *The UN has conducted the largest consultation programme in its history to obtain opinion on what the SDGs should include. |
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| − | = 17 Goals for a Better Future<br/> =
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| − | Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere<br/>
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| − | Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
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| − | Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
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| − | Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
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| − | Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
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| − | Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
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| − | '''Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all'''
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| − | Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
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| − | Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
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| − | Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
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| − | Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
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| − | Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
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| − | Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
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| − | Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
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| − | Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
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| − | Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
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| − | Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
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| − | <ref name="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/">https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ </ref><br/>
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| − | {{Go to Top}}<br/>
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| | = Indicator Development and Global Reporting Mechanism = | | = Indicator Development and Global Reporting Mechanism = |
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| − | = Goal 7 on Energy in Detail<br/> = | + | = SDG 7 on Energy in Detail<br/> = |
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| | [[File:Sustainable Development Goal 7.png|border|100px|Goal 7|alt=Goal 7]] | | [[File:Sustainable Development Goal 7.png|border|100px|Goal 7|alt=Goal 7]] |
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| − | | With Goal 7, energy is finally being recognized as a key enabler for development. Universal access to energy, a higher share of renewable energy and massive improvements in energy efficiency are now part of the top global priorities for sustainable development in the years to come. | + | | With SDG 7, energy is finally being recognized as a key enabler for development. Universal access to energy, a higher share of renewable energy and massive improvements in energy efficiency are now part of the top global priorities for sustainable development in the years to come. |
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| | *7.a By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology | | *7.a By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology |
| − | **Indicator 7.a.1: International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems<span style="left: 522.683px; top: 249.643px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.917013)"></span> | + | **Indicator 7.a.1: International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems<span style="left: 522.683px; top: 249.643px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.917013)"></span> |
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| | For results worldwide and more details on the methodologies for tracking SDG 7 check the [https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/ SDG 7 tracking homepage of World Bank / ESMAP]. | | For results worldwide and more details on the methodologies for tracking SDG 7 check the [https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/ SDG 7 tracking homepage of World Bank / ESMAP]. |
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| | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2016 == | | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2016 == |
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| − | The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2016/75.<ref name="http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E .">http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E .</ref> | + | The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2016/75.<ref name="UN (2016): Report of the Secretary-General on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E">UN (2016): Report of the Secretary-General on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E</ref> |
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| | *Energy is crucial for achieving almost all of the Sustainable Development Goals, from its role in the eradication of poverty through advancements in health, education, water supply and industrialization, to combating climate change. | | *Energy is crucial for achieving almost all of the Sustainable Development Goals, from its role in the eradication of poverty through advancements in health, education, water supply and industrialization, to combating climate change. |
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| | *The proportion of the world’s population with access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking increased from 51 per cent in 2000 to 58 per cent in 2014, although there has been limited progress since 2010. The absolute number of people relying on polluting fuels and technologies for cooking, such as solid fuels and kerosene, however, has actually increased, reaching an estimated three billion people. Limited progress since 2010 falls substantially short of global population growth and is almost exclusively confined to urban areas. | | *The proportion of the world’s population with access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking increased from 51 per cent in 2000 to 58 per cent in 2014, although there has been limited progress since 2010. The absolute number of people relying on polluting fuels and technologies for cooking, such as solid fuels and kerosene, however, has actually increased, reaching an estimated three billion people. Limited progress since 2010 falls substantially short of global population growth and is almost exclusively confined to urban areas. |
| | *The share of renewable energy (derived from hydropower, solid and liquid biofuels, wind, the sun, biogas, geothermal and marine sources, and waste) in the world’s total final energy consumption has increased slowly, from 17.4 per cent in 2000 to 18.1 per cent in 2012. More telling is the fact that modern renewable energy consumption, which excludes solid biofuels used for traditional purposes, grew rapidly, at a rate of 4 per cent a year between 2010 and 2012, and accounted for 60 per cent of all new power-generating capacity in 2014. In absolute terms, about 72 per cent of the increase in energy consumption from modern renewable sources between 2010 and 2012 came from developing regions, mostly from Eastern Asia. The technologies making the largest contribution have been hydropower, wind and solar energy; together they account for 73 per cent of the total increase in modern renewable energy between 2010 and 2012. | | *The share of renewable energy (derived from hydropower, solid and liquid biofuels, wind, the sun, biogas, geothermal and marine sources, and waste) in the world’s total final energy consumption has increased slowly, from 17.4 per cent in 2000 to 18.1 per cent in 2012. More telling is the fact that modern renewable energy consumption, which excludes solid biofuels used for traditional purposes, grew rapidly, at a rate of 4 per cent a year between 2010 and 2012, and accounted for 60 per cent of all new power-generating capacity in 2014. In absolute terms, about 72 per cent of the increase in energy consumption from modern renewable sources between 2010 and 2012 came from developing regions, mostly from Eastern Asia. The technologies making the largest contribution have been hydropower, wind and solar energy; together they account for 73 per cent of the total increase in modern renewable energy between 2010 and 2012. |
| − | *Energy intensity, calculated by dividing total primary energy supply by GDP, reveals how much energy is used to produce one unit of economic output. Globally, energy intensity decreased by 1.7 per cent per year from 2010 to 2012. This represents a considerable improvement over the period from 1990 to 2010, when it decreased by 1.2 per cent a year. As a result, global energy intensity, which stood at 6.7 (millijoules (mJ) per 2011 United States dollar ppp) in 2000 fell to 5.7 by 2012. The proportion of the world’s energy use covered by mandatory energy efficiency regulation, which has almost doubled over the past decade, from 14 per cent in 2005 to 27 per cent in 2014, was a factor. Still, current progress is only about two thirds of the pace needed to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency. Among end-use sectors, industry was the largest contributor to reduced energy intensity, followed closely by transportation. About 68 per cent of the savings in energy intensity between 2010 and 2012 came from developing regions, with Eastern Asia as the largest contributor.<ref name="Report of the Secretary-General,">Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2016/75 http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E .</ref> | + | *Energy intensity, calculated by dividing total primary energy supply by GDP, reveals how much energy is used to produce one unit of economic output. Globally, energy intensity decreased by 1.7 per cent per year from 2010 to 2012. This represents a considerable improvement over the period from 1990 to 2010, when it decreased by 1.2 per cent a year. As a result, global energy intensity, which stood at 6.7 (millijoules (mJ) per 2011 United States dollar ppp) in 2000 fell to 5.7 by 2012. The proportion of the world’s energy use covered by mandatory energy efficiency regulation, which has almost doubled over the past decade, from 14 per cent in 2005 to 27 per cent in 2014, was a factor. Still, current progress is only about two thirds of the pace needed to double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency. Among end-use sectors, industry was the largest contributor to reduced energy intensity, followed closely by transportation. About 68 per cent of the savings in energy intensity between 2010 and 2012 came from developing regions, with Eastern Asia as the largest contributor.<ref name="UN (2016): Report of the Secretary-General on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E">UN (2016): Report of the Secretary-General on Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2016/75&Lang=E</ref> |
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| | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2017 == | | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2017 == |
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| − | The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2017/66.<ref name="Report of the Secretary-General, ">Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2017/66, http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2017/66&Lang=E.</ref> | + | The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2017/66.<ref name="Report of the Secretary-General,">Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 2017",https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2017/secretary-general-sdg-report-2017--EN.pdf</ref> |
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| | Progress in every area of sustainable energy falls short of what is needed to achieve energy access for all and to meet targets for renewable energy and energy efficiency. Meaningful improvements will require higher levels of financing and bolder policy commitments, together with the willingness of countries to embrace new technologies on a much wider scale. | | Progress in every area of sustainable energy falls short of what is needed to achieve energy access for all and to meet targets for renewable energy and energy efficiency. Meaningful improvements will require higher levels of financing and bolder policy commitments, together with the willingness of countries to embrace new technologies on a much wider scale. |
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| | *Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking climbed to 57.4 per cent in 2014, up slightly from 56.5 per cent in 2012. More than 3 billion people, the majority of them in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, are still cooking without clean fuels and more efficient technologies. | | *Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking climbed to 57.4 per cent in 2014, up slightly from 56.5 per cent in 2012. More than 3 billion people, the majority of them in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, are still cooking without clean fuels and more efficient technologies. |
| | *The share of renewable energy in final energy consumption grew modestly from 2012 to 2014, from 17.9 per cent to 18.3 per cent. Most of the increase was from renewable electricity from water, solar and wind power. Solar and wind power still make up a relatively minor share of energy consumption, despite their rapid growth in recent years. The challenge is to increase the share of renewable energy in the heat and transport sectors, which together account for 80 per cent of global energy consumption. | | *The share of renewable energy in final energy consumption grew modestly from 2012 to 2014, from 17.9 per cent to 18.3 per cent. Most of the increase was from renewable electricity from water, solar and wind power. Solar and wind power still make up a relatively minor share of energy consumption, despite their rapid growth in recent years. The challenge is to increase the share of renewable energy in the heat and transport sectors, which together account for 80 per cent of global energy consumption. |
| − | *From 2012 to 2014, three quarters of the world’s 20 largest energy-consuming countries had reduced their energy intensity — the ratio of energy used per unit of GDP. The reduction was driven mainly by greater efficiencies in the industry and transport sectors. However, that progress is still not sufficient to meet the target of doubling the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.<ref name="Report of the Secretary-General, ">Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2017/66, http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=E/2017/66&Lang=E.</ref> | + | *From 2012 to 2014, three quarters of the world’s 20 largest energy-consuming countries had reduced their energy intensity — the ratio of energy used per unit of GDP. The reduction was driven mainly by greater efficiencies in the industry and transport sectors. However, that progress is still not sufficient to meet the target of doubling the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.<ref name="Report of the Secretary-General,">Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals 2017",https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2017/secretary-general-sdg-report-2017--EN.pdf</ref> |
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| | {{Go to Top}} | | {{Go to Top}} |
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| | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2018<br/> == | | == Progress of Goal 7 in 2018<br/> == |
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| | *Renewable energy consumption increased to 17.5 per cent in 2015, up slightly from 17.3 per cent in 2014 as the growth in renewables outpaced the growth in overall energy consumption. Most of the increase came from bioenergy and the continued expansion of wind and solar energy, driven by falling costs and policy support. | | *Renewable energy consumption increased to 17.5 per cent in 2015, up slightly from 17.3 per cent in 2014 as the growth in renewables outpaced the growth in overall energy consumption. Most of the increase came from bioenergy and the continued expansion of wind and solar energy, driven by falling costs and policy support. |
| | *Global energy intensity decreased by 2.8 per cent in 2015 from 2014, double the rate of improvement seen from 1990 to 2010. To reach the Sustainable Development Goal target, global energy intensity needs to improve at an annual rate of 2.7 per cent over the period 2016–2030, necessitating a significant ramp-up in global policy ambition to keep up the momentum. <ref name="Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General 2018: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2018/secretary-general-sdg-report-2018--EN.pdf">Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General 2018: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2018/secretary-general-sdg-report-2018--EN.pdf</ref> | | *Global energy intensity decreased by 2.8 per cent in 2015 from 2014, double the rate of improvement seen from 1990 to 2010. To reach the Sustainable Development Goal target, global energy intensity needs to improve at an annual rate of 2.7 per cent over the period 2016–2030, necessitating a significant ramp-up in global policy ambition to keep up the momentum. <ref name="Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General 2018: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2018/secretary-general-sdg-report-2018--EN.pdf">Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General 2018: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2018/secretary-general-sdg-report-2018--EN.pdf</ref> |
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| | Access to electricity in the poorest countries has begun to accelerate, energy efficiency continues to improve and renewable energy is making gains in electricity sector. Despite this progress, some 800 million people remain without electricity while access to clean cooking fuels and technologies needs dedicated attention. In addition, if Sustainable Development Goals 7, 13 and related Goals are to be met, much higher levels of ambition are required with regard to renewable energy, including transportation and heating. | | Access to electricity in the poorest countries has begun to accelerate, energy efficiency continues to improve and renewable energy is making gains in electricity sector. Despite this progress, some 800 million people remain without electricity while access to clean cooking fuels and technologies needs dedicated attention. In addition, if Sustainable Development Goals 7, 13 and related Goals are to be met, much higher levels of ambition are required with regard to renewable energy, including transportation and heating. |
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| − | *The '''global electrification rate rose from 83 per cent in 2010 to 87 per cent in 2015''', with the increase accelerating to reach 89 per cent in 2017. However, '''some 840 million people around the world are still without access to electricity'''. | + | *The '''global electrification rate rose from 83 per cent in 2010 to 87 per cent in 2015''', with the increase accelerating to reach 89 per cent in 2017. However, '''some 840 million people around the world are still without access to electricity'''. |
| − | *The '''global share of the population with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies reached 61 per cent in 2017''', up from 57 per cent in 2010. Despite this progress, '''close to 3 billion people still rely primarily on inefficient and polluting cooking systems. ''' | + | *The '''global share of the population with access to clean cooking fuels and technologies reached 61 per cent in 2017''', up from 57 per cent in 2010. Despite this progress, '''close to 3 billion people still rely primarily on inefficient and polluting cooking systems.''' |
| − | *The r'''enewable energy share of total final energy consumption gradually increased from 16.6 per cent in 2010 to 17.5 per cent in 2016,''' though '''much faster change is required to meet climate goals'''. Even though the absolute level of renewable energy consumption has grown by more than 18 per cent since 2010, only since 2012 has the growth of renewables outpaced the growth of total energy consumption. | + | *The r'''enewable energy share of total final energy consumption gradually increased from 16.6 per cent in 2010 to 17.5 per cent in 2016,''' though '''much faster change is required to meet climate goals'''. Even though the absolute level of renewable energy consumption has grown by more than 18 per cent since 2010, only since 2012 has the growth of renewables outpaced the growth of total energy consumption. |
| | *'''Global primary energy intensity '''(ratio of energy used per unit of GDP) '''improved from 5.9 in 2010 to 5.1 in 2016''', a rate of improvement of 2.3 per cent, which is '''still short of the 2.7 per cent annual rate needed '''to reach target 3 of Sustainable Development Goal 7. | | *'''Global primary energy intensity '''(ratio of energy used per unit of GDP) '''improved from 5.9 in 2010 to 5.1 in 2016''', a rate of improvement of 2.3 per cent, which is '''still short of the 2.7 per cent annual rate needed '''to reach target 3 of Sustainable Development Goal 7. |
| − | *International'''financial flows''' to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy '''reached $18.6 billion in 2016, almost doubling from $9.9 billion in 2010'''.<ref name="UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf">UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf</ref> | + | *International '''financial flows''' to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy '''reached $18.6 billion in 2016, almost doubling from $9.9 billion in 2010'''.<ref name="UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf">UN (2019): Report of the Secretary-General on SDG progress 2019. Special edition. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24978Report_of_the_SG_on_SDG_Progress_2019.pdf</ref> |
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| | + | For more details on tracking SDG 7 see The World Bank (2019): "[https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/data/files/download-documents/2019-tracking_sdg7-complete-rev030320.pdf 2019 Tracking SDG7: The Energy Progress Report]" |
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| − | = Energy and other SDGs<br/> = | + | <br/> |
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| | + | == <span style="background-color: initial; font-size: 19.04px">Progress of Goal 7 in 2020</span><br/> == |
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| | + | <span style="font-size: 13.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)">The following points are copied from the Report of the Secretary-General on SDG Progress 2020.<ref>Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General (2020) https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/26158Final_SG_SDG_Progress_Report_14052020.pdf</ref></span><br/> |
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| | + | The world is making good progress on increasing access to electricity and improving energy efficiency. However, still millions of people around the world lack access to electricity and progress on access to clean cooking fuels and technologies is too slow. The COVID-19 pandemic spotlights the need for reliable and affordable electricity to health centres. However, a survey conducted in selected developing countries showed that one quarter of the health facilities surveyed were not electrified and another quarter reported unscheduled outages affecting their capacity to deliver essential health services. All these facts further weaken the health system response to the current health crisis. <br/> |
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| | + | *The '''global electrification rate rose from 83% in 2010 to 90% by 2018'''. Latin America and the Caribbean and Eastern and South-Eastern Asia maintained strong progress, exceeding '''98% access by 2018'''. Conversely, the world’s deficit is increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa where around'''548 million, or 53% of its population, lack access to electricity.'''<br/> |
| | + | *Access to'''clean cooking fuels and technologies''' increased to '''63% in 2018, from 60% in 2015 and 56% in 2010'''. Still, '''2.8 billion people''' lack such access and rely primarily on inefficient and 12 polluting cooking systems. Because of a stagnant rate and fast population growth, in sub-Saharan Africa, '''the number of people without access to clean fuels for cooking increased'''<br/> |
| | + | *The '''renewable energy share of total final energy consumption gradually increased from 16.3% in 2010 to 17.0% in 2015 and 17.3% in 2017'''. Much faster growth is required to meet long-term climate goals.<br/> |
| | + | *'''Global primary energy intensity''' (energy used per unit of GDP) '''improved by 2.2% annually, from 5.2 in 2015 to 5.0 in 2017''', a rate still short of the 2.7% annual rate needed to reach SDG target 7.3.<br/> |
| | + | *International '''financial flows''' to developing countries in support of clean and renewable energy reached '''$21.4 billion in 2017''', '''13% more than in 2016''', and a two-fold increase from flows committed in 2010. Hydropower projects received '''46% of 2017 flows''', while solar projects received '''19%''', wind '''7%''' and geothermal '''6%'''.<br/> |
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| | + | = Energy and its contribution to the achievement of other SDGs<br/> = |
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| | Energy access, renewable energy, energy efficiency and other energy-related issues are contributing directly or indirectly to the achievement of almost all other SDGs by facilitating and enabling relevant development processes.<br/> | | Energy access, renewable energy, energy efficiency and other energy-related issues are contributing directly or indirectly to the achievement of almost all other SDGs by facilitating and enabling relevant development processes.<br/> |
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| | Besides SDG 7, however, energy is only mentioned explicitly in Goal 12 on sustainable consumption (see below in the table). This means governments will have to report on it.<br/>In previous framework versions, Goal 4 had an indicator 4.a.1 which stated i.a. the "Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity (...)"<ref name="UN Stats SDG Indicators Metadata repository http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-04-0A-01.pdf">UN Stats SDG Indicators Metadata repository http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-04-0A-01.pdf</ref> However, this indicator is no longer entailed in the 2020 Global Indicator Framework. The following list shows to which goals or indicators energy contributes. It is not necessarily comprehensive, so feel free to add further goals and indicators where energy plays a role in achieving them.<br/> | | Besides SDG 7, however, energy is only mentioned explicitly in Goal 12 on sustainable consumption (see below in the table). This means governments will have to report on it.<br/>In previous framework versions, Goal 4 had an indicator 4.a.1 which stated i.a. the "Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity (...)"<ref name="UN Stats SDG Indicators Metadata repository http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-04-0A-01.pdf">UN Stats SDG Indicators Metadata repository http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-04-0A-01.pdf</ref> However, this indicator is no longer entailed in the 2020 Global Indicator Framework. The following list shows to which goals or indicators energy contributes. It is not necessarily comprehensive, so feel free to add further goals and indicators where energy plays a role in achieving them.<br/> |
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| − | {{Go to Top}}<br/><br/> | + | {{Go to Top}}<br/><br/><br/> |
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| | === Goal 1<br/> === | | === Goal 1<br/> === |
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| − | 2.3.1 Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size<br/><br/>2.3.2 Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status<span style="left: 522.683px; top: 848.926px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.884545)"></span> | + | 2.3.1 Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size<br/><br/>2.3.2 Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status<span style="left: 522.683px; top: 848.926px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.884545)"></span> |
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| − | 3.2 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age (...)</span><br/> | + | 3.2 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age (...)</span><br/> |
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| − | 3.4 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, reduce by one third premature </span><span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being</span><br/> | + | 3.4 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, reduce by one third premature </span><span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being</span><br/> |
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| − | 3.9 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination</span><br/> | + | 3.9 <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px">By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination</span><br/> |
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| | 13.2.1 Number of countries with nationally determined contributions, long-term strategies, national adaptation plans, strategies as reported in adaptation communications and national communications | | 13.2.1 Number of countries with nationally determined contributions, long-term strategies, national adaptation plans, strategies as reported in adaptation communications and national communications |
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| − | <span style="left: 610.117px; top: 488.093px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.876821)"></span>13.2.2 Total greenhouse gas emissions per year | + | <span style="left: 610.117px; top: 488.093px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.876821)"></span>13.2.2 Total greenhouse gas emissions per year |
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| − | 15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable forest management<span style="left: 701.317px; top: 305.841px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.886648)"></span> | + | 15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable forest management<span style="left: 701.317px; top: 305.841px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.886648)"></span> |
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| | === Goal 17 === | | === Goal 17 === |
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| | = Further Information<br/> = | | = Further Information<br/> = |
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| − | *Overview on all 17 goals: [https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300  https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300 ]; | + | *Overview on all 17 goals: [https://sdgs.un.org/goals https://sdgs.un.org/goals] |
| | *[[Monitoring and reporting of SDG 7|Monitoring and reporting of SDG 7]] | | *[[Monitoring and reporting of SDG 7|Monitoring and reporting of SDG 7]] |
| − | *Stevance, Anne-Sophie, Dave Griggs, Måns Nilsson, and David McCollum, eds. ‘A GUIDE TO SDG INTERACTIONS: FROM SCIENCE TO IMPLEMENTATION’. International Council for Science (ICSU), 2017. [https://www.icsu.org/cms/2017/05/SDGs-Guide-to-Interactions.pdf https://www.icsu.org/cms/2017/05/SDGs-Guide-to-Interactions.pdf]. Chapter on SDG 7 (p. 127-173) includes linkages between SDG7 and other SDGs | + | *Stevance, Anne-Sophie, Dave Griggs, Måns Nilsson, and David McCollum, eds. ‘A GUIDE TO SDG INTERACTIONS: FROM SCIENCE TO IMPLEMENTATION’. International Council for Science (ICSU), 2017. Chapter on SDG 7 (p. 127-173) includes linkages between SDG7 and other SDGs. [https://council.science/publications/a-guide-to-sdg-interactions-from-science-to-implementation/ https://council.science/publications/a-guide-to-sdg-interactions-from-science-to-implementation/] |
| | *Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld] | | *Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld] |
| | *[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf Report of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators] gives an overview of the<br/>indicator framework development process and lists the proposed indicators. E/CN.3/2016/2 | | *[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/47th-session/documents/2016-2-IAEG-SDGs-E.pdf Report of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators] gives an overview of the<br/>indicator framework development process and lists the proposed indicators. E/CN.3/2016/2 |
| − | *UNDP: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015-development-agenda.html  http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview/post-2015-development-agenda.html ];
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| | *[http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/ Global SDG Indicators Database] provides access to data compiled through the UN System | | *[http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/ Global SDG Indicators Database] provides access to data compiled through the UN System |
| | *[http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/metadata-compilation/ Compilation of Meta Data] for the Proposed Global Indicators, Inter-agency Expert Group on SDG Indicators, March 2016 | | *[http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/iaeg-sdgs/metadata-compilation/ Compilation of Meta Data] for the Proposed Global Indicators, Inter-agency Expert Group on SDG Indicators, March 2016 |
| − | *MDGs - goals, targets, indicators: [http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/gti.htm http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/gti.htm]
| |
| | *Sustainable development goals: all you need to know. the Guardian. [http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-united-nations http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-united-nations] | | *Sustainable development goals: all you need to know. the Guardian. [http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-united-nations http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-united-nations] |
| | *Renewable Energy Technologies on energypedia.info: Renewable energy technologies have to be used to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7. In the following portals on energypedia.info practical descriptions of these technologies and their application in the context of developing countries are provided: | | *Renewable Energy Technologies on energypedia.info: Renewable energy technologies have to be used to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7. In the following portals on energypedia.info practical descriptions of these technologies and their application in the context of developing countries are provided: |
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| | *[https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?page=view&nr=2749&type=13&menu=1634 Accelerating SDG7 Achievement: Policy Briefs in support of the first SDG7 review at the UN High Level Political Forum 2018, April 2018] | | *[https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?page=view&nr=2749&type=13&menu=1634 Accelerating SDG7 Achievement: Policy Briefs in support of the first SDG7 review at the UN High Level Political Forum 2018, April 2018] |
| | + | *IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, WHO (2020): [https://irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2020/May/SDG7Tracking_Energy_Progress_2020.pdf Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report 2020] |
| | + | *[http://ccsi.columbia.edu/work/projects/mapping-renewables-to-the-sustainable-development-goals/ http://ccsi.columbia.edu/work/projects/mapping-renewables-to-the-sustainable-development-goals/] |
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| − | [[Category:Sustainable_Development_Goals_(SDGs)]] | + | [[Category:Energy_Access]] |
| | + | [[Category:Energy_Efficiency]] |
| | [[Category:Renewable_Energy]] | | [[Category:Renewable_Energy]] |
| | + | [[Category:Sustainable_Development_Goals_(SDGs)]] |
Based on their level of methodological development and overall data availability, the indicators are grouped into three different tiers:[3]
The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2016/75.[7]
The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General, "Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals", E/2017/66.[8]
Progress in every area of sustainable energy falls short of what is needed to achieve energy access for all and to meet targets for renewable energy and energy efficiency. Meaningful improvements will require higher levels of financing and bolder policy commitments, together with the willingness of countries to embrace new technologies on a much wider scale.
The following points are retrieved from the Report of the Secretary-General 2018: Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.[9]
Ensuring access to affordable, reliable and modern energy for all has come one step closer due to recent progress in electrification, particularly in LDCs, and improvements in industrial energy efficiency. However, national priorities and policy ambitions still need to be strengthened to put the world on track to meet the energy targets for 2030.
The following points are copied from the Report of the Secretary-General on SDG Progress 2019[10].
Access to electricity in the poorest countries has begun to accelerate, energy efficiency continues to improve and renewable energy is making gains in electricity sector. Despite this progress, some 800 million people remain without electricity while access to clean cooking fuels and technologies needs dedicated attention. In addition, if Sustainable Development Goals 7, 13 and related Goals are to be met, much higher levels of ambition are required with regard to renewable energy, including transportation and heating.
The world is making good progress on increasing access to electricity and improving energy efficiency. However, still millions of people around the world lack access to electricity and progress on access to clean cooking fuels and technologies is too slow. The COVID-19 pandemic spotlights the need for reliable and affordable electricity to health centres. However, a survey conducted in selected developing countries showed that one quarter of the health facilities surveyed were not electrified and another quarter reported unscheduled outages affecting their capacity to deliver essential health services. All these facts further weaken the health system response to the current health crisis.
Energy access, renewable energy, energy efficiency and other energy-related issues are contributing directly or indirectly to the achievement of almost all other SDGs by facilitating and enabling relevant development processes.
Besides SDG 7, however, energy is only mentioned explicitly in Goal 12 on sustainable consumption (see below in the table). This means governments will have to report on it.
In previous framework versions, Goal 4 had an indicator 4.a.1 which stated i.a. the "Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity (...)"[12] However, this indicator is no longer entailed in the 2020 Global Indicator Framework. The following list shows to which goals or indicators energy contributes. It is not necessarily comprehensive, so feel free to add further goals and indicators where energy plays a role in achieving them.
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Although there is no mention of energy in targets or in indicators, energy plays a vital role to ending hunger, improving nutrition and increasing agricultural productivity in a sustainable way.
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When it comes to a functioning health system, energy is a key component: vaccines and medicines need to be refrigerated, equipment needs sterilisation and light is needed for operations and emergencies at night. See also the article Energy for Rural Health Centers.
Clean / improved technologies and fuels for cooking, heating and lighting emit less particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO), thus reducing the risk of respiratory diseases and eye infections, especially in women and in children under five years. Furthermore, by replacing traditional cooking and lighting technologies (e.g. open fires and kerosene lamps) with improved cookstoves which shield the fire and solar lanterns, the risk of burns, injuries and fires is reduced.
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Energy services reduce the working time and provide some free time to especially women and children, and also enable the use of modern communication and learning tools.
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