Wind Turbine Technology

Revision as of 15:29, 27 August 2011

Wind turbine control concepts

Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics of a wind turbine blade

^[1]

Stall

Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - stall control

^[2]

Stall Control:
– Passive Stall:
Power of the wind turbine is limited by the aerodynamic characteristics
of the turbine.
– Active stall:
Power of the wind turbine is limited additionally by decreasing the pitch
angle (increasing the inflow angle ).

Pitch

Aerodynamics at a wind turbine blade during control through pitching

^[3]

Pitch Control:
– Power of the wind turbine is limited by increasing the pitch angle
(decreasing the inflow angle Failed to parse (PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex and dvipng (or dvips + gs + convert)): \alpha )

Wind turbine operation

Operation of Fix Speed Wind Turbine (passive stall)

• Start up (with open breaker) if wind speed > cut-in wind speed
• Close breaker
• Operation at constant blade angle over the whole wind speed range
• In case of large wind speeds: Power limited by aerodynamic profile.

Operation of Variable Speed Wind-Turbines

Start up (with open breaker) if wind speed > cut-in wi

Typical power curves of wind turbines.jpg

nd speed
• Close breaker

• Below rated wind-speed
– Maximum power coefficient (Max. Power Tracking)

– Evt: Speed Limitation
• Above rated wind-speed:
– P=Pr
ated (Limited by power electronics converter)
– Pitching

• Advantages of variable speed operation:
– Lower cut-in wind speeds
– Higher efficiency, especially at low wind speeds
– Lower power variations (compared to fixed speed turbines)
• Disadvantage: More expensive!

^[4]

Generator concepts

Overview Wind generator concepts.jpg

^[5]

Fixed Speed Induction Generator

Fixed speed induction generator.jpg

^[6]

Only fix speed operation possible (stall control required)
• Reactive power compensation required
• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:
– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)
– STATCOMs
• Risk of dynamic voltage collapse
GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany
y g p
– > Typically, wind generators based on induction generators are asked to
disconnect in case of voltage dips

Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance

Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance.jpg

^[7]

Simple concept for variable speed operation.
• Reactive power compensation required.
• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:
– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)
– STATCOMs
• Limited LVRT capability. Dynamic voltage collapse problems have to
GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany
be mitigated by:
– Fast increase of rotor resistance during faults
– Additional reactive power compensation devices (typically TSCs)

Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

Doubly-fed induction generator.jpg

^[8]

Doubly fed induction generatorf Power flow over- and subsyncronous speed.jpg

^[9]

Generator with Fully Rated Converter

Generator with Fully Rated Converter Kopie.jpg

^[10]

Generator with fully rated converter and direct drive

Generator with Fully Rated Converter and direct drive.jpg

^[11]

Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box

Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg

^[12]

References

↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[1]]
↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[2]]
↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[3]]
↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[4]]
↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[5]]
↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[6]]
↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[7]]
↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[8]]
↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[9]]
↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[10]]
↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[11]]
↑ Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[12]]

Portal:Wind

[0] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[1]]

[1] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[2]]

[2] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[3]]

[3] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[4]]

[4] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[5]]

[5] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[6]]

[6] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[7]]

[7] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[8]]

[8] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[9]]

[9] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[10]]

[10] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[11]]

[11] Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[12]]

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@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 === Stall  ===
 [[Image:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - stall control.jpg|frame|center|Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - stall control]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
 Stall Control:<br>– Passive Stall:<br>Power of the wind turbine is limited by the aerodynamic characteristics<br>of the turbine.<br>– Active stall:<br>Power of the wind turbine is limited additionally by decreasing the pitch<br>angle (increasing the inflow angle ).<br>
 === Pitch<br>  ===
 [[Image:Wind turbine blade aerodynamics - pitching.jpg|frame|center|Aerodynamics at a wind turbine blade during control through pitching]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
 Pitch Control:<br>– Power of the wind turbine is limited by increasing the pitch angle<br>(decreasing the inflow angle <math>\alpha</math>)<br>
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 === Fixed Speed Induction Generator<br>  ===
 [[Image:Fixed speed induction generator.jpg|frame|center|Fixed speed induction generator.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
 Only fix speed operation possible (stall control required)<br>• Reactive power compensation required<br>• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:<br>– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)<br>– STATCOMs<br>• Risk of dynamic voltage collapse<br>GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany<br>y g p<br>– &gt; Typically, wind generators based on induction generators are asked to<br>disconnect in case of voltage dips<br>
@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 === Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance<br>  ===
 [[Image:Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance.jpg|frame|center|Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
 Simple concept for variable speed operation.<br>• Reactive power compensation required.<br>• No reactive power control capability. Additional devices required:<br>– TSCs (Thyristor switched capacitors)<br>– STATCOMs<br>• Limited LVRT capability. Dynamic voltage collapse problems have to<br>GTZ Expert Workshop 2010: Grid and System Integration of Wind Energy, 22/23.11.2010, Berlin/Germany<br>be mitigated by:<br>– Fast increase of rotor resistance during faults<br>– Additional reactive power compensation devices (typically TSCs)<br>
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 === Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box<br>  ===
 [[Image:Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg|frame|center|Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box.jpg]]<ref>Weigel S., Poeller M. (2010) Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) Physical Principals and Generator Concepts, Presentation prepared by DigSILENT GmbH for the Wind Energy and Development Dialogue 2010, retrieved 27.8.2011 [[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2010-en-wedd-1-2-WTG-concepts.pdf]]</ref>
+== References ==
+<references />
 [[Portal:Wind]]
 [[Category:Wind]]

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Wind Turbine Technology

Revision as of 15:29, 27 August 2011

Contents

Wind turbine control concepts

Aerodynamics

Stall

Pitch

Wind turbine operation

Operation of Fix Speed Wind Turbine (passive stall)

Operation of Variable Speed Wind-Turbines

Generator concepts

Fixed Speed Induction Generator

Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance

Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

Generator with Fully Rated Converter

Generator with fully rated converter and direct drive

Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box

References

Log in / create account

Community

About

Help

Contact

Search

Main Page

About energypedia

Technologies

Energy Use

Cross Cutting Issues

energypedia consult

Search

Toolbox

Namespaces

Variants

Views

Actions

Wind Turbine Technology

Revision as of 15:29, 27 August 2011

Contents

Wind turbine control concepts

Aerodynamics

Stall

Pitch

Wind turbine operation

Operation of Fix Speed Wind Turbine (passive stall)

Operation of Variable Speed Wind-Turbines

Generator concepts

Fixed Speed Induction Generator

Induction Generator with Variable Rotor Resistance

Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

Generator with Fully Rated Converter

Generator with fully rated converter and direct drive

Directly Coupled Synchronous Generator with Variable Gear Box

References