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| | #development of the integration module | | #development of the integration module |
| | #identification of woodfuel hot spots. | | #identification of woodfuel hot spots. |
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| | At national level, the WISDOM approach has been implemented in Mexico, Senegal and Slovenia. At the subregional level, WISDOM has been implemented in the eastern and central African countries covered by the Africover Programme (Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, the Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda) and in the countries of Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Malaysia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Thailand, Viet Nam and China, Yunnan Province) | | At national level, the WISDOM approach has been implemented in Mexico, Senegal and Slovenia. At the subregional level, WISDOM has been implemented in the eastern and central African countries covered by the Africover Programme (Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, the Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda) and in the countries of Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Malaysia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Thailand, Viet Nam and China, Yunnan Province) |
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| | |} | | |} |
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| | <font size="2"></font> | | <font size="2"></font> |
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| | <font size="2">As a consequence, forest resource assessments have to be complemented by legal, regulatory, institutional, and socio-economic studies that analyse the framework conditions. </font> | | <font size="2">As a consequence, forest resource assessments have to be complemented by legal, regulatory, institutional, and socio-economic studies that analyse the framework conditions. </font> |
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| | <u><font size="2">The most important factors necessary to estimate woodfuel supply include:</font></u> | | <u><font size="2">The most important factors necessary to estimate woodfuel supply include:</font></u> |
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| − | <font size="2">'''Forest' '''''area''' is a land area of more than 0.5 hectares, with a tree canopy cover of more than 10%, which is not primarily under agricultural or other specific non-forest land use. In the case of young forests or regions where tree growth stunted by climate, the trees should be capable of reaching a height of 5 m in situ, and of meeting the canopy cover requirement. Forest land may include grassland, shrub land, tree land, wetland, and/or barren land.</font> | + | <font size="2">'Forest' '''area''' is a land area of more than 0.5 hectares, with a tree canopy cover of more than 10%, which is not primarily under agricultural or other specific non-forest land use. In the case of young forests or regions where tree growth stunted by climate, the trees should be capable of reaching a height of 5 m in situ, and of meeting the canopy cover requirement. Forest land may include grassland, shrub land, tree land, wetland, and/or barren land.</font> |
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| | <font size="2">'''Mean stock density''' '''per hectare''' is the average total volume of wood in cubic metres per hectare</font> | | <font size="2">'''Mean stock density''' '''per hectare''' is the average total volume of wood in cubic metres per hectare</font> |
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| | <font size="2">'''Harvest/Cutting fraction''' is the volume harvested after the percentage of harvesting losses have been deducted. Harvesting losses can amount to 10% of the allowable cut.</font> | | <font size="2">'''Harvest/Cutting fraction''' is the volume harvested after the percentage of harvesting losses have been deducted. Harvesting losses can amount to 10% of the allowable cut.</font> |
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| | + | <font size="2"></font> |
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| | Table 5 provides a summary of these factors as well as how to use them to estimate wood supplies. | | Table 5 provides a summary of these factors as well as how to use them to estimate wood supplies. |
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| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%" | + | {| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="100%" |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | '''Table 5: Estimating actual and potential wood supplies''' | | | '''Table 5: Estimating actual and potential wood supplies''' |
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| | | width="540" | | | | width="540" | |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%" | + | {| cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="100%" |
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| | | colspan="2" | '''Supply factors''' | | | colspan="2" | '''Supply factors''' |
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| | <font size="2"><span id="1227183625767S" style="display: none"> </span></font> | | <font size="2"><span id="1227183625767S" style="display: none"> </span></font> |
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| | = Characteristics of Woodfuel Supply Figures<br/> = | | = Characteristics of Woodfuel Supply Figures<br/> = |
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| − | {| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" | + | {| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%" |
| | |- | | |- |
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| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" | + | {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | colspan="3" valign="top" width="300" | | | | colspan="3" valign="top" width="300" | |
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | | valign="top" width="130" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="130" | |
| | ''' ''' | | ''' ''' |
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | | valign="top" width="130" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="130" | |
| | '''<span>LPG</span>''' | | '''<span>LPG</span>''' |
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| − | | valign="top" width="76" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="76" | |
| | <span>560</span> | | <span>560</span> |
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| − | | valign="top" width="95" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="95" | |
| | <span>45</span> | | <span>45</span> |
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | | valign="top" width="130" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="130" | |
| | '''<span>Gasoline(petrol)</span>''' | | '''<span>Gasoline(petrol)</span>''' |
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| − | | valign="top" width="76" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="76" | |
| | <span>720</span> | | <span>720</span> |
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| − | | valign="top" width="95" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="95" | |
| | <span>44</span> | | <span>44</span> |
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | | valign="top" width="130" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="130" | |
| | '''<span>Kerosene</span>''' | | '''<span>Kerosene</span>''' |
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| − | | valign="top" width="76" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="76" | |
| | <span>806</span> | | <span>806</span> |
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| − | | valign="top" width="95" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="95" | |
| | <span>43</span> | | <span>43</span> |
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | | valign="top" width="130" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="130" | |
| | '''<span>Wood (oven dried)</span>''' | | '''<span>Wood (oven dried)</span>''' |
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| − | | valign="top" width="76" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="76" | |
| | <span>650-750</span> | | <span>650-750</span> |
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| − | | valign="top" width="95" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="95" | |
| | <span>18-19</span> | | <span>18-19</span> |
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | | valign="top" width="130" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="130" | |
| | '''<span>Wood, (30% moisture)</span>''' | | '''<span>Wood, (30% moisture)</span>''' |
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| − | | valign="top" width="76" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="76" | |
| | <span>650-750</span> | | <span>650-750</span> |
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| − | | valign="top" width="95" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="95" | |
| | <span>12-13</span> | | <span>12-13</span> |
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | | valign="top" width="130" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="130" | |
| | '''<span>Charcoal</span>''' | | '''<span>Charcoal</span>''' |
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| − | | valign="top" width="76" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="76" | |
| | <span>180</span> | | <span>180</span> |
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| − | | valign="top" width="95" nowrap="nowrap" | | + | | nowrap="nowrap" valign="top" width="95" | |
| | <span>30</span> | | <span>30</span> |
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| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" | + | {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" |
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| | | colspan="2" valign="top" width="177" | | | | colspan="2" valign="top" width="177" | |
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| | |} | | |} |
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| − | Table 2 shows characteristics of woodfuel compared to other fuels. Table 3 depicts the influence that wood moisture has on calorific value.
| + | Table 2 shows characteristics of woodfuel compared to other fuels. Table 3 depicts the influence that wood moisture has on calorific value. |
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| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" | + | {| style="width: 100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" |
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| | | valign="top" width="550" | | | | valign="top" width="550" | |
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| | Table 4 shows a calculation for finding the equivalent weight value of of LPG for one stere of wood. | | Table 4 shows a calculation for finding the equivalent weight value of of LPG for one stere of wood. |
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| − | <br/><font size="2">To harmonize definitions and conversion factors for adequate data collection and estimation, the FAO has published a ‘Unified Bioenergy Terminology’ located at:</font> | + | <br/><font size="2">-> To harmonize definitions and conversion factors for adequate data collection and estimation, the FAO has published a ‘Unified Bioenergy Terminology’ located </font>[http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/007/j4504E/j4504E00.HTM here] |
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| | + | <font size="2">When estimating actual or potential wood supplies, an important distinction has to be made between:</font> |
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| | + | #<font size="2">clear felling (often limited to plantations) and</font> |
| | + | #<font size="2">sustainable harvesting.</font> |
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| | + | <font size="2">The calculation is straightforward (see Table 5 on the previous page). </font> |
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| | + | = References<br/> = |
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| − | [http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/007/j4504E/j4504E00.HTM http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/007/j4504E/j4504E00.HTM] | + | This article was originally published by [http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/12941.htm GIZ HERA]. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the [[Imprint_-_GIZ_HERA_Cooking_Energy_Compendium|Imprint]]. |
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| − | <font size="2">When estimating actual or potential wood supplies, an important distinction has to be made between (i) clear felling (often limited to plantations) and (ii) sustainable harvesting. The calculation is straightforward (see Table 5 on the previous page). </font> | + | <references /> |
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Table 5 provides a summary of these factors as well as how to use them to estimate wood supplies.
Energy content is proportional to the dry-weight of wood; so higher density woods have higher calorific values. The reported range in wood densities is between 100 kg/m3 and 1200 kg/m3. Species used as woodfuel are generally from 650 kg/m3 to 750 kg/m3. The moisture content plays a crucial role in determining the calorific value (Table 3). The moisture content of wood is around 50 % (of total weight) when first harvested, whereas air-dried wood contains between 12% to 20% of moisture yielding a calorific value between 14 MJ/kg and 16 MJ/kg. To evaporate one kilogram of water takes about 2.5 MJ. In the case of charcoal, the calorific value is around 30 MJ/kg. In its statistics, the FAO uses a conversion factor of 165 kg of produced charcoal from one cubic meter of fuelwood (see also chapter on charcoal).
Table 2 shows characteristics of woodfuel compared to other fuels. Table 3 depicts the influence that wood moisture has on calorific value.
Table 4 shows a calculation for finding the equivalent weight value of of LPG for one stere of wood.
