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| | = Drinking Water Supply = | | = Drinking Water Supply = |
| | <div>For sites up to about 2,000 inhabitants and pumping heads up to about 60 meters PV pumping systems are often more cost-effective than diesel pumps, or at least competitive. For larger systems, a combination of PV and diesel pumps has proven worthwhile (hybrid systems).</div><div>A big disadvantage are still the high investment costs for a PV pumping system which can be up to 2-3 times the investment for a comparable diesel pump in a village with 1,000-2,000 inhabitants. However, the overall costs (investment + operation) for small PV pumping systems (1 kWp) are well below of comparable diesel pumps. For medium size systems (2 kWp), comparison is still in favour of PV pumps. For systems of 4 kWp and larger, a break even situation arises which requires proper cost comparison depending on the local conditions.</div><div>There is broad application for medium-sized standard systems of 2kWp and a pumping capacity of 1,000 m<sup>4</sup>/day (m<sup>4</sup>/day = flow rate (m³) x pumping head (m) per day, equals e.g. about 35 m³/day x 30 m head) on sunny days. This amount of water is sufficient to supply about 1,400 people with 25 liters/person/day. A study from 2008 revealed for Senegal that solar pumping systems are more cost-effective than diesel pumps up to a pumping capacity of 3,150 m<sup>4</sup>/day. This equals a daily total amount of water of 45m³ with a pumping head of 70 meters supplying 2,000 people.<br/></div><div><br/></div> | | <div>For sites up to about 2,000 inhabitants and pumping heads up to about 60 meters PV pumping systems are often more cost-effective than diesel pumps, or at least competitive. For larger systems, a combination of PV and diesel pumps has proven worthwhile (hybrid systems).</div><div>A big disadvantage are still the high investment costs for a PV pumping system which can be up to 2-3 times the investment for a comparable diesel pump in a village with 1,000-2,000 inhabitants. However, the overall costs (investment + operation) for small PV pumping systems (1 kWp) are well below of comparable diesel pumps. For medium size systems (2 kWp), comparison is still in favour of PV pumps. For systems of 4 kWp and larger, a break even situation arises which requires proper cost comparison depending on the local conditions.</div><div>There is broad application for medium-sized standard systems of 2kWp and a pumping capacity of 1,000 m<sup>4</sup>/day (m<sup>4</sup>/day = flow rate (m³) x pumping head (m) per day, equals e.g. about 35 m³/day x 30 m head) on sunny days. This amount of water is sufficient to supply about 1,400 people with 25 liters/person/day. A study from 2008 revealed for Senegal that solar pumping systems are more cost-effective than diesel pumps up to a pumping capacity of 3,150 m<sup>4</sup>/day. This equals a daily total amount of water of 45m³ with a pumping head of 70 meters supplying 2,000 people.<br/></div><div><br/></div> |
| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" | + | {| style="width: 100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | width="158" | <div>'''PVP -Power'''</div> | | | width="158" | <div>'''PVP -Power'''</div> |
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| | | width="139" | <div align="center">10</div><div align="center">30</div><div align="center">50</div> | | | width="139" | <div align="center">10</div><div align="center">30</div><div align="center">50</div> |
| | | width="158" | <div align="center">100</div><div align="center">35</div><div align="center">20</div> | | | width="158" | <div align="center">100</div><div align="center">35</div><div align="center">20</div> |
| − | | valign="top" width="158" | <div align="center">4000</div><div align="center">1400</div><div align="center">800</div> | + | | valign="top" width="158" | <div align="center">4000</div><div align="center">1400</div><div align="center">800<br/></div> |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | width="158" | <div>'''4 kWp''' (equals about 2000 m<sup>4</sup>/day)</div> | | | width="158" | <div>'''4 kWp''' (equals about 2000 m<sup>4</sup>/day)</div> |
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| − | {| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" | + | {| style="width: 100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" |
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| | | width="284" | <div>'''Average Investment [Euro]'''</div> | | | width="284" | <div>'''Average Investment [Euro]'''</div> |
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| | | width="284" | <div>'''Pumping System '''(PV-Generator, Inverter, Pump)</div> | | | width="284" | <div>'''Pumping System '''(PV-Generator, Inverter, Pump)</div> |
| − | | width="94" | <div align="center">8000</div> | + | | width="94" | <div align="center">8000<br/></div> |
| | | width="95" | <div align="center">15000</div> | | | width="95" | <div align="center">15000</div> |
| | | width="85" | <div align="center">25000</div> | | | width="85" | <div align="center">25000</div> |
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| | = Project Experiences<br/> = | | = Project Experiences<br/> = |
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| − | Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit ([http://www.giz.de/en/ GIZ]) has experience of PVP irrigation in projects in Chile (smallholder farmers), Ethiopia (tree nursery Forestry Dep.) and Bangladesh (irrigation of paddy fields). | + | '''Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit ([http://www.giz.de/en/ GIZ])''' has experience of PVP irrigation in projects in Chile (smallholder farmers), Ethiopia (tree nursery Forestry Dep.) and Bangladesh (irrigation of paddy fields). |
| | | | |
| − | Experience in Bangladesh has shown that PV panels can have significant spatial requirements depending on the energy needed. This leads to disadvantages for farmers. [http://www.kfw.de/kfw/en/index.jsp KfW ](German Development Bank) has supported the installation and dissemination of PVP pumps for irrigation in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Eritrea, Guinea, Mali, Namibia, Burkina Faso). At experimental level there are already technical solutions available for the application of PVP in stand-alone systems to irrigate an area of 30-40 hectares by using variable frequency drives (VFD) for any AC-motor. | + | Experience in Bangladesh has shown that PV panels can have significant spatial requirements depending on the energy needed. This leads to disadvantages for farmers. [http://www.kfw.de/kfw/en/index.jsp KfW ](German Development Bank) has supported the installation and dissemination of PVP pumps for irrigation in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Eritrea, Guinea, Mali, Namibia, Burkina Faso). At experimental level there are already technical solutions available for the application of PVP in stand-alone systems to irrigate an area of 30-40 hectares by using '''variable frequency drives (VFD)''' for any AC-motor. |
| | | | |
| − | = Country Information<br/> =
| |
| | | | |
| − | [[Photovoltaic_(PV)_Pumping_in_India|Photovoltaic (PV) Pumping in India]]
| |
| | | | |
| | + | = Further Information<br/> = |
| | | | |
| − | | + | *[https://energypedia.info/Photovoltaic%20%28PV%29%20Pumping%20in%20India Photovoltaic (PV) Pumping in India] |
| − | = Further Reading<br/> =
| + | *[[Design_of_Photovoltaic_(PV)_Pumping|Design of Photovoltaic (PV) Pumping]] |
| | | | |
| | *GIZ INTERNAL: [https://dms.gtz.de/livelink-ger/livelink.exe?func=ll&objId=57642651&objAction=browse DMS folder ]containing additional documents on PV pumping (documents also available upon request from [mailto:hera@gtz.de GTZ-HERA]) | | *GIZ INTERNAL: [https://dms.gtz.de/livelink-ger/livelink.exe?func=ll&objId=57642651&objAction=browse DMS folder ]containing additional documents on PV pumping (documents also available upon request from [mailto:hera@gtz.de GTZ-HERA]) |
| | *[http://net.grundfos.com/doc/webnet/renewables/solar.html Product overview ] and [http://net.grundfos.com/doc/webnet/renewables/cases.html cases] of market leader Grundfos | | *[http://net.grundfos.com/doc/webnet/renewables/solar.html Product overview ] and [http://net.grundfos.com/doc/webnet/renewables/cases.html cases] of market leader Grundfos |
| | *[[Decentralized Drinking Water Supply|Drinking water supply]] | | *[[Decentralized Drinking Water Supply|Drinking water supply]] |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | = References<br/> = |
| | + | |
| | + | <references /> |
| | | | |
| | [[Category:Pumping]] | | [[Category:Pumping]] |
| | [[Category:Solar]] | | [[Category:Solar]] |
| | [[Category:Water_Supply]] | | [[Category:Water_Supply]] |
Regular cleaning of PV modules and maintenance by competent personnel as well as reliable availability of replacement parts are a basic requirement for efficient and sustainable system operation. Furthermore, awareness campaigns for users as well as an appropriate maintenance concept with private sector participation are essential for success. Experience from PV pumping project have shown that there is a general danger from theft and vandalism of PV modules. Measures such as the construction of walls or fences can reduce this risk, as can awareness raising activities among the local population.
For sites up to about 2,000 inhabitants and pumping heads up to about 60 meters PV pumping systems are often more cost-effective than diesel pumps, or at least competitive. For larger systems, a combination of PV and diesel pumps has proven worthwhile (hybrid systems).
A big disadvantage are still the high investment costs for a PV pumping system which can be up to 2-3 times the investment for a comparable diesel pump in a village with 1,000-2,000 inhabitants. However, the overall costs (investment + operation) for small PV pumping systems (1 kWp) are well below of comparable diesel pumps. For medium size systems (2 kWp), comparison is still in favour of PV pumps. For systems of 4 kWp and larger, a break even situation arises which requires proper cost comparison depending on the local conditions.
There is broad application for medium-sized standard systems of 2kWp and a pumping capacity of 1,000 m4/day (m4/day = flow rate (m³) x pumping head (m) per day, equals e.g. about 35 m³/day x 30 m head) on sunny days. This amount of water is sufficient to supply about 1,400 people with 25 liters/person/day. A study from 2008 revealed for Senegal that solar pumping systems are more cost-effective than diesel pumps up to a pumping capacity of 3,150 m4/day. This equals a daily total amount of water of 45m³ with a pumping head of 70 meters supplying 2,000 people.
Economics of PV pumping systems for irrigation is dependent on numerous factors.
Experience in Bangladesh has shown that PV panels can have significant spatial requirements depending on the energy needed. This leads to disadvantages for farmers. KfW (German Development Bank) has supported the installation and dissemination of PVP pumps for irrigation in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Eritrea, Guinea, Mali, Namibia, Burkina Faso). At experimental level there are already technical solutions available for the application of PVP in stand-alone systems to irrigate an area of 30-40 hectares by using variable frequency drives (VFD) for any AC-motor.
