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| | {{Revision|('''Please help to fill this page''').}} | | {{Revision|('''Please help to fill this page''').}} |
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| − | <span style="color:#ff0000">TEXT aus der "alten" version unter production of woodfuel stoves</span>
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| | = Production Systems and Quality Management<br/> = | | = Production Systems and Quality Management<br/> = |
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| − | <br/>There are three '''main production systems '''for stoves: | + | <u>There are three '''main production systems '''for stoves:</u> |
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| | *Decentralized, individual construction of fixed stoves on site | | *Decentralized, individual construction of fixed stoves on site |
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| | *The stoves lifetime is very susceptible to the material used and proper handling. For proper performance the stove needs ongoing maintenance, which is mainly carried out by the users. | | *The stoves lifetime is very susceptible to the material used and proper handling. For proper performance the stove needs ongoing maintenance, which is mainly carried out by the users. |
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| − | | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/95/Final_rocket_lorena_uganda_stove_factsheet_2008.pdf/page1-180px-Final_rocket_lorena_uganda_stove_factsheet_2008.pdf.jpg | + | | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | |
| | + | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/95/Final_rocket_lorena_uganda_stove_factsheet_2008.pdf/page1-180px-Final_rocket_lorena_uganda_stove_factsheet_2008.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/95/Final_rocket_lorena_uganda_stove_factsheet_2008.pdf/page1-180px-Final_rocket_lorena_uganda_stove_factsheet_2008.pdf.jpg] |
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| | |} | | |} |
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| − | Because the stove has a limited life and the stove builder has to visit the house several times: | + | <u>Because the stove has a limited life and the stove builder has to visit the house several times:</u> |
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| | *There are many stove builders, mostly living locally. They all have to be trained and their skills and training have to be documented. | | *There are many stove builders, mostly living locally. They all have to be trained and their skills and training have to be documented. |
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| − | In Uganda and Kenya a quality and monitoring system was setup with the following components: | + | <u>In Uganda and Kenya a quality and monitoring system was setup with the following components:</u> |
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| | *Certification of quality stove builders: after training and independent construction of 10 stoves, a builder is qualified as a ‘commercial stove builder’ and receives a badge. | | *Certification of quality stove builders: after training and independent construction of 10 stoves, a builder is qualified as a ‘commercial stove builder’ and receives a badge. |
| − | *Monitoring personnel are selected and have the following tasks: | + | *<u>Monitoring personnel are selected and have the following tasks: </u> |
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| | {| style="" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | | {| style="" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" |
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| | | - To monitor the quality of the stoves by unannounced household visits using a checklist: | | | - To monitor the quality of the stoves by unannounced household visits using a checklist: |
| − | | https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/b/b8/Kenya_rocket_mud_stove_check_list_for_monitors1.pdf/page1-180px-Kenya_rocket_mud_stove_check_list_for_monitors1.pdf.jpg | + | | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/b/b8/Kenya_rocket_mud_stove_check_list_for_monitors1.pdf/page1-180px-Kenya_rocket_mud_stove_check_list_for_monitors1.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/b/b8/Kenya_rocket_mud_stove_check_list_for_monitors1.pdf/page1-180px-Kenya_rocket_mud_stove_check_list_for_monitors1.pdf.jpg] |
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| | | - To monitor regularly the number of stoves constructed and used | | | - To monitor regularly the number of stoves constructed and used |
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| | | The Pyramid Strategy – a training method for capacity development of stove producers in Kenya (2007) Source: PSDA, Kenya | | | The Pyramid Strategy – a training method for capacity development of stove producers in Kenya (2007) Source: PSDA, Kenya |
| − | | https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/2/20/En-pyramid_training_ke-07-2007.pdf/page1-180px-En-pyramid_training_ke-07-2007.pdf.jpg<br/> | + | | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/2/20/En-pyramid_training_ke-07-2007.pdf/page1-180px-En-pyramid_training_ke-07-2007.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/2/20/En-pyramid_training_ke-07-2007.pdf/page1-180px-En-pyramid_training_ke-07-2007.pdf.jpg]<br/> |
| | |} | | |} |
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| | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" |
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| − | | Uganda: CONSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR HOUSEHOLD ROCKET STOVES<br/>for use as a training tool for stove artisans<br/>1. HOW TO BUILD THE HOUSEHOLD ROCKET LORENA STOVE<br/>2. HOW TO BUILD THE SHIELDED FIRE ROCKET STOVE<br/> | + | | Uganda: CONSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR HOUSEHOLD ROCKET STOVES<br/>for use as a training tool for stove artisans |
| | + | #HOW TO BUILD THE HOUSEHOLD ROCKET LORENA STOVE |
| | + | #HOW TO BUILD THE SHIELDED FIRE ROCKET STOVE |
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| − | https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/93/GTZ-HOUSEHOLD_Stoves_Construction_Manual_June_2008.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-HOUSEHOLD_Stoves_Construction_Manual_June_2008.pdf.jpg | + | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/93/GTZ-HOUSEHOLD_Stoves_Construction_Manual_June_2008.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-HOUSEHOLD_Stoves_Construction_Manual_June_2008.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/93/GTZ-HOUSEHOLD_Stoves_Construction_Manual_June_2008.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-HOUSEHOLD_Stoves_Construction_Manual_June_2008.pdf.jpg] |
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| | | <br/> | | | <br/> |
| − | https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/e/eb/Guide_fran%C3%A7ais_de_foyer_rocket_en_banco_Uganda_2008.pdf/page1-180px-Guide_fran%C3%A7ais_de_foyer_rocket_en_banco_Uganda_2008.pdf.jpg | + | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/e/eb/Guide_fran%C3%A7ais_de_foyer_rocket_en_banco_Uganda_2008.pdf/page1-180px-Guide_fran%C3%A7ais_de_foyer_rocket_en_banco_Uganda_2008.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/e/eb/Guide_fran%C3%A7ais_de_foyer_rocket_en_banco_Uganda_2008.pdf/page1-180px-Guide_fran%C3%A7ais_de_foyer_rocket_en_banco_Uganda_2008.pdf.jpg] |
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| | | Another example is the Inkawasi stove, produced in Peru:<br/>Manual de Capacitación e Instalación de Cocinas Mejoradas<br/> | | | Another example is the Inkawasi stove, produced in Peru:<br/>Manual de Capacitación e Instalación de Cocinas Mejoradas<br/> |
| − | | https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/4/47/GTZ-manual_instaladores-Cocina_inkawasi_familar-Peru-small.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-manual_instaladores-Cocina_inkawasi_familar-Peru-small.pdf.jpg<br/> | + | | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/4/47/GTZ-manual_instaladores-Cocina_inkawasi_familar-Peru-small.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-manual_instaladores-Cocina_inkawasi_familar-Peru-small.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/4/47/GTZ-manual_instaladores-Cocina_inkawasi_familar-Peru-small.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-manual_instaladores-Cocina_inkawasi_familar-Peru-small.pdf.jpg]<br/> |
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| | | MANUAL PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE COCINAS MEJORADAS MALENA, Bolivia 2009<br/> | | | MANUAL PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE COCINAS MEJORADAS MALENA, Bolivia 2009<br/> |
| − | | https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/92/GTZ-Bol-MANUAL_MALENA_2009_reduziert.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-Bol-MANUAL_MALENA_2009_reduziert.pdf.jpg<br/> | + | | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/92/GTZ-Bol-MANUAL_MALENA_2009_reduziert.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-Bol-MANUAL_MALENA_2009_reduziert.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/92/GTZ-Bol-MANUAL_MALENA_2009_reduziert.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-Bol-MANUAL_MALENA_2009_reduziert.pdf.jpg]<br/> |
| | |} | | |} |
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| | == Centralised Stove Production Systems<br/> == | | == Centralised Stove Production Systems<br/> == |
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| − | Portable stoves, made of metal or ceramic, are generally produced in workshops or factories and then sold directly to the end users either directly from the factory, via wholesalers and retailers, or through distribution organisations. Generally, this results in a small number of producers. In this case a quality management system has to focus on:<br/>- the skills and potential of the producers<br/>- the stove itself | + | Portable stoves, made of metal or ceramic, are generally produced in workshops or factories and then sold directly to the end users either directly from the factory, via wholesalers and retailers, or through distribution organisations. Generally, this results in a small number of producers. <u>In this case a quality management system has to focus on:</u> |
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| | + | *the skills and potential of the producers |
| | + | *the stove itself |
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| | == Quality Management<br/> == | | == Quality Management<br/> == |
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| | *Personal factors, such as reputation, communication skills and reliability. | | *Personal factors, such as reputation, communication skills and reliability. |
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| − | See: | + | -> See: [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/2/28/Selection-criteria.pdf/page1-180px-Selection-criteria.pdf.jpg The https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/2/28/Selection-criteria.pdf/page1-180px-Selection-criteria.pdf.jpg The] selection criteria sheet developed in Ethiopia |
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| − | https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/2/28/Selection-criteria.pdf/page1-180px-Selection-criteria.pdf.jpg The selection criteria sheet developed in Ethiopia
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| − | After being selected, producers have to be given the support they need to produce the newly introduced technology through: | + | <u>After being selected, producers have to be given the support they need to produce the newly introduced technology through:</u> |
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| | *Training in special technical skills, entrepreneurship, quality management | | *Training in special technical skills, entrepreneurship, quality management |
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| | | The Malawian stoves logo indicates by flames and an L-shaped letter that the stove is built to a rocket stove principle. | | | The Malawian stoves logo indicates by flames and an L-shaped letter that the stove is built to a rocket stove principle. |
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| − | | https://energypedia.info/images/b/b0/Logo1fin.JPG | + | | [https://energypedia.info/images/b/b0/Logo1fin.JPG https://energypedia.info/images/b/b0/Logo1fin.JPG] |
| − | | https://energypedia.info/images/f/f2/Logo2final.JPGhttps://energypedia.info/images/0/08/Logo3final.JPG Branding stoves through distinctive logos (Malawi, Mali, Burkina Faso; Source: GTZ) | + | | [https://energypedia.info/images/f/f2/Logo2final.JPGhttps://energypedia.info/images/0/08/Logo3final.JPG   https://energypedia.info/images/f/f2/Logo2final.JPGhttps://energypedia.info/images/0/08/Logo3final.JPG  ]; Branding stoves through distinctive logos (Malawi, Mali, Burkina Faso; Source: GTZ) |
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| | | Identification of every stove with serial number | | | Identification of every stove with serial number |
| | | In Malawi, each stove leaves the production site with a serial number and a certificate that serves as warranty (granted by producer) | | | In Malawi, each stove leaves the production site with a serial number and a certificate that serves as warranty (granted by producer) |
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| − | | https://energypedia.info/images/d/d4/Certificatefinal.JPG | + | | [https://energypedia.info/images/d/d4/Certificatefinal.JPG https://energypedia.info/images/d/d4/Certificatefinal.JPG] |
| − | | https://energypedia.info/images/4/4d/Serialnrfinal.JPG Certification of producers and serial numbers of stoves in Malawi (Photos: GTZ) | + | | [https://energypedia.info/images/4/4d/Serialnrfinal.JPG   https://energypedia.info/images/4/4d/Serialnrfinal.JPG  ]; Certification of producers and serial numbers of stoves in Malawi (Photos: GTZ) |
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| | | Systematic registration of the stoves by the producer, when sold to whom | | | Systematic registration of the stoves by the producer, when sold to whom |
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| − | <br/> https://energypedia.info/images/5/57/Jetztaber.JPG
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| | Page of a record booklet with stove images. Photo: GTZ Burkina Faso | | Page of a record booklet with stove images. Photo: GTZ Burkina Faso |
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| | Although monitoring and control of these ‘over the counter’ technologies at the workshop gate is easy to operate, it is very difficult and laborious to assess the later use, performance and lifetime of the products in the end users household. | | Although monitoring and control of these ‘over the counter’ technologies at the workshop gate is easy to operate, it is very difficult and laborious to assess the later use, performance and lifetime of the products in the end users household. |
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| − | <br/>'''Additional Information Resources:''' | + | |
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| | + | = Further Information<br/> = |
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| | {| style="" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | | {| style="" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" |
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| | | GTZ ProBEC: [http://energypedia.info/index.php/File:En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf <font color="#002bb8">'''Institutional Stoves in Malawi'''</font>](presentation) | | | GTZ ProBEC: [http://energypedia.info/index.php/File:En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf <font color="#002bb8">'''Institutional Stoves in Malawi'''</font>](presentation) |
| − | | https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/4/4d/En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf/page1-180px-En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf.jpg | + | | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/4/4d/En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf/page1-180px-En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/4/4d/En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf/page1-180px-En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf.jpg] |
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| − | <span style="color:#ff0000">--- bis hierhin ---</span>
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| − | = Overview<br/> =
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| | = References<br/> = | | = References<br/> = |
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| | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview Cooking Energy Compendium]] | | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview Cooking Energy Compendium]] |
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| | [[Category:Löschen/alt?]] | | [[Category:Löschen/alt?]] |
A wide spectrum of manufacturing methods falls between these two systems; for example, village stove builders may use prefabricated parts for their locally made mud stoves. The one extreme is the user who builds his own stove directly in his house from locally available material. The other extreme is the centralised production of stoves.
The first system is mostly used in rural areas by informal sector entrepreneurs, whereas the second system is often associated with urban settlements and the formal sector. Each of these approaches to production requires a project to be run in a way that optimises the number and quality of stoves that are made. It will require appropriate training methods and quality control systems. The third system is based on large scale production facilities in the formal sector.
A good example of the development of a decentralized production system is the mud rocket stove for rural households in Uganda and Kenya.
Portable stoves, made of metal or ceramic, are generally produced in workshops or factories and then sold directly to the end users either directly from the factory, via wholesalers and retailers, or through distribution organisations. Generally, this results in a small number of producers. In this case a quality management system has to focus on:
At the producer level, this includes selecting the right producers and ensuring that they are suitably qualified. Projects supported by GTZ have developed several methods to select the most appropriate producers using the following criteria:
Once the producers have been selected, and have been provided with skills through workshop training schemes, a quality control system should be established, as shown in the table below.
Page of a record booklet with stove images. Photo: GTZ Burkina Faso
Although monitoring and control of these ‘over the counter’ technologies at the workshop gate is easy to operate, it is very difficult and laborious to assess the later use, performance and lifetime of the products in the end users household.
