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| | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview Cooking Energy Compendium]] | | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview Cooking Energy Compendium]] |
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| | <u>There are three '''main production systems '''for stoves:</u> | | <u>There are three '''main production systems '''for stoves:</u> |
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| | *Decentralized, individual construction of fixed stoves on site | | *Decentralized, individual construction of fixed stoves on site |
| | *Centralized mass production (or small-scale community production) of portable stoves and/or stove liners in a workshop | | *Centralized mass production (or small-scale community production) of portable stoves and/or stove liners in a workshop |
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| | A wide spectrum of manufacturing methods falls between these two systems; for example, village stove builders may use prefabricated parts for their locally made mud stoves. The one extreme is the user who builds his own stove directly in his house from locally available material. The other extreme is the centralised production of stoves. | | A wide spectrum of manufacturing methods falls between these two systems; for example, village stove builders may use prefabricated parts for their locally made mud stoves. The one extreme is the user who builds his own stove directly in his house from locally available material. The other extreme is the centralised production of stoves. |
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| − | The first system is mostly used in rural areas by informal sector entrepreneurs, whereas the second system is often associated with urban settlements and the formal sector. Each of these approaches to production requires a project to be run in a way that optimises the number and quality of stoves that are made. It will require appropriate training methods and quality control systems. The third system is based on large scale production facilities in the formal sector. | + | The first system is mostly used in rural areas by informal sector entrepreneurs, whereas the second system is often associated with urban settlements and the formal sector. Each of these approaches to production requires a project to be run in a way that optimises the number and quality of stoves that are made. It will require appropriate training methods and quality control systems. The third system is based on large scale production facilities in the formal sector. |
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| | == Decentralized Stove Production Systems<br/> == | | == Decentralized Stove Production Systems<br/> == |
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| | A good example of the development of a decentralized production system is the mud rocket stove for rural households in Uganda and Kenya. | | A good example of the development of a decentralized production system is the mud rocket stove for rural households in Uganda and Kenya. |
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| − | | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | '''The two-pot mud rocket Lorena stove'''<br/>This is a massive stove that cannot be transported (see stove fact sheet on the right). It is built with locally available material directly on site. The characteristic of this system is: | + | | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | '''The two-pot mud rocket Lorena stove'''<br/>This is a massive stove that cannot be transported (see stove fact sheet on the right). It is built with locally available material directly on site. The characteristic of this system is: |
| | *No special equipment is necessary and almost no prefabricated parts are required | | *No special equipment is necessary and almost no prefabricated parts are required |
| | *Use of locally available materials | | *Use of locally available materials |
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| | | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | | | | colspan="4" bgcolor="#e0e0e0" | |
| − | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/95/Final_rocket_lorena_uganda_stove_factsheet_2008.pdf/page1-180px-Final_rocket_lorena_uganda_stove_factsheet_2008.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/95/Final_rocket_lorena_uganda_stove_factsheet_2008.pdf/page1-180px-Final_rocket_lorena_uganda_stove_factsheet_2008.pdf.jpg] | + | [[:File:Final_rocket_lorena_uganda_stove_factsheet_2008.pdf|Rocket Lorena Uganda Stove - Factsheet]]<br/> |
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| | <u>Because the stove has a limited life and the stove builder has to visit the house several times:</u> | | <u>Because the stove has a limited life and the stove builder has to visit the house several times:</u> |
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| | *There are many stove builders, mostly living locally. They all have to be trained and their skills and training have to be documented. | | *There are many stove builders, mostly living locally. They all have to be trained and their skills and training have to be documented. |
| | *A monitoring system has to be set up to assure high stove quality not only when the stove is installed, but also during its lifetime (or at least during the first months of its use). | | *A monitoring system has to be set up to assure high stove quality not only when the stove is installed, but also during its lifetime (or at least during the first months of its use). |
| | *Users have to be involved in the stove installation and monitoring system, as they will be required to conduct periodic maintenance. | | *Users have to be involved in the stove installation and monitoring system, as they will be required to conduct periodic maintenance. |
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| | <u>In Uganda and Kenya a quality and monitoring system was setup with the following components:</u> | | <u>In Uganda and Kenya a quality and monitoring system was setup with the following components:</u> |
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| | *Certification of quality stove builders: after training and independent construction of 10 stoves, a builder is qualified as a ‘commercial stove builder’ and receives a badge. | | *Certification of quality stove builders: after training and independent construction of 10 stoves, a builder is qualified as a ‘commercial stove builder’ and receives a badge. |
| − | *<u>Monitoring personnel are selected and have the following tasks: </u> | + | *<u>Monitoring personnel are selected and have the following tasks:</u> |
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| − | {| style="" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | + | {| style="width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" |
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| − | | - To monitor the quality of the stoves by unannounced household visits using a checklist: | + | | - To monitor the quality of the stoves by unannounced household visits using a checklist: |
| − | | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/b/b8/Kenya_rocket_mud_stove_check_list_for_monitors1.pdf/page1-180px-Kenya_rocket_mud_stove_check_list_for_monitors1.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/b/b8/Kenya_rocket_mud_stove_check_list_for_monitors1.pdf/page1-180px-Kenya_rocket_mud_stove_check_list_for_monitors1.pdf.jpg] | + | | [[:File:Kenya_rocket_mud_stove_check_list_for_monitors1.pdf|Kenya Rocket Mud Stove Checklist for Monitors]]<br/> |
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| | | - To monitor regularly the number of stoves constructed and used | | | - To monitor regularly the number of stoves constructed and used |
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| | | The Pyramid Strategy – a training method for capacity development of stove producers in Kenya (2007) Source: PSDA, Kenya | | | The Pyramid Strategy – a training method for capacity development of stove producers in Kenya (2007) Source: PSDA, Kenya |
| − | | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/2/20/En-pyramid_training_ke-07-2007.pdf/page1-180px-En-pyramid_training_ke-07-2007.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/2/20/En-pyramid_training_ke-07-2007.pdf/page1-180px-En-pyramid_training_ke-07-2007.pdf.jpg]<br/> | + | | [[:File:En-pyramid_training_ke-07-2007.pdf|Pyramid Training]]<br/> |
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| | | Uganda: CONSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR HOUSEHOLD ROCKET STOVES<br/>for use as a training tool for stove artisans | | | Uganda: CONSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR HOUSEHOLD ROCKET STOVES<br/>for use as a training tool for stove artisans |
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| − | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/93/GTZ-HOUSEHOLD_Stoves_Construction_Manual_June_2008.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-HOUSEHOLD_Stoves_Construction_Manual_June_2008.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/93/GTZ-HOUSEHOLD_Stoves_Construction_Manual_June_2008.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-HOUSEHOLD_Stoves_Construction_Manual_June_2008.pdf.jpg] | + | [[:File:GTZ-HOUSEHOLD_Stoves_Construction_Manual_June_2008.pdf|Household Stoves Construction Manual]]<br/> |
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| | MANUEL DE CONSTRUCTION DES FOYERS AMÉLIORÉS EN BANCO POUR LES MÉNAGES<br/>(Titre original: THE ROCKET SHIELDED FIRE STOVES) | | MANUEL DE CONSTRUCTION DES FOYERS AMÉLIORÉS EN BANCO POUR LES MÉNAGES<br/>(Titre original: THE ROCKET SHIELDED FIRE STOVES) |
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| − | | <br/> | + | | [[:File:Guide_français_de_foyer_rocket_en_banco_Uganda_2008.pdf|Guide Français de foyer rocket en banco Uganda]]<br/> |
| − | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/e/eb/Guide_fran%C3%A7ais_de_foyer_rocket_en_banco_Uganda_2008.pdf/page1-180px-Guide_fran%C3%A7ais_de_foyer_rocket_en_banco_Uganda_2008.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/e/eb/Guide_fran%C3%A7ais_de_foyer_rocket_en_banco_Uganda_2008.pdf/page1-180px-Guide_fran%C3%A7ais_de_foyer_rocket_en_banco_Uganda_2008.pdf.jpg] | + | <br/> |
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| | | Another example is the Inkawasi stove, produced in Peru:<br/>Manual de Capacitación e Instalación de Cocinas Mejoradas<br/> | | | Another example is the Inkawasi stove, produced in Peru:<br/>Manual de Capacitación e Instalación de Cocinas Mejoradas<br/> |
| − | | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/4/47/GTZ-manual_instaladores-Cocina_inkawasi_familar-Peru-small.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-manual_instaladores-Cocina_inkawasi_familar-Peru-small.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/4/47/GTZ-manual_instaladores-Cocina_inkawasi_familar-Peru-small.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-manual_instaladores-Cocina_inkawasi_familar-Peru-small.pdf.jpg]<br/> | + | | [[:File:GTZ-manual_instaladores-Cocina_inkawasi_familar-Peru-small.pdf|Inkawasi Stove Manual - Peru]]<br/> |
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| | | MANUAL PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE COCINAS MEJORADAS MALENA, Bolivia 2009<br/> | | | MANUAL PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE COCINAS MEJORADAS MALENA, Bolivia 2009<br/> |
| − | | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/92/GTZ-Bol-MANUAL_MALENA_2009_reduziert.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-Bol-MANUAL_MALENA_2009_reduziert.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/9/92/GTZ-Bol-MANUAL_MALENA_2009_reduziert.pdf/page1-180px-GTZ-Bol-MANUAL_MALENA_2009_reduziert.pdf.jpg]<br/> | + | | [[:File:GTZ-Bol-MANUAL_MALENA_2009_reduziert.pdf|Malena Manual - Bolivia]]<br/> |
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| | == Centralised Stove Production Systems<br/> == | | == Centralised Stove Production Systems<br/> == |
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| | Portable stoves, made of metal or ceramic, are generally produced in workshops or factories and then sold directly to the end users either directly from the factory, via wholesalers and retailers, or through distribution organisations. Generally, this results in a small number of producers. <u>In this case a quality management system has to focus on:</u> | | Portable stoves, made of metal or ceramic, are generally produced in workshops or factories and then sold directly to the end users either directly from the factory, via wholesalers and retailers, or through distribution organisations. Generally, this results in a small number of producers. <u>In this case a quality management system has to focus on:</u> |
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| | *the skills and potential of the producers | | *the skills and potential of the producers |
| | *the stove itself | | *the stove itself |
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| | == Quality Management<br/> == | | == Quality Management<br/> == |
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| | At the producer level, this includes selecting the right producers and ensuring that they are suitably qualified. Projects supported by GTZ have developed several methods to select the most appropriate producers using the following criteria: | | At the producer level, this includes selecting the right producers and ensuring that they are suitably qualified. Projects supported by GTZ have developed several methods to select the most appropriate producers using the following criteria: |
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| | *Education and skills including basic literacy, artisan skills, entrepreneurship and professional experience. | | *Education and skills including basic literacy, artisan skills, entrepreneurship and professional experience. |
| | *Their level of interest and the compatibility of stove production with their current employment. | | *Their level of interest and the compatibility of stove production with their current employment. |
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| | *Personal factors, such as reputation, communication skills and reliability. | | *Personal factors, such as reputation, communication skills and reliability. |
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| − | -> See: [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/2/28/Selection-criteria.pdf/page1-180px-Selection-criteria.pdf.jpg The https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/2/28/Selection-criteria.pdf/page1-180px-Selection-criteria.pdf.jpg The] selection criteria sheet developed in Ethiopia | + | -> [[File:Selection-criteria.pdf|More Information: Selection Sheet designed in Ethiopia]] |
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| | <u>After being selected, producers have to be given the support they need to produce the newly introduced technology through:</u> | | <u>After being selected, producers have to be given the support they need to produce the newly introduced technology through:</u> |
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| | *Training in special technical skills, entrepreneurship, quality management | | *Training in special technical skills, entrepreneurship, quality management |
| | *Financial support; for example, a loan, credit, or a grant | | *Financial support; for example, a loan, credit, or a grant |
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| | Once the producers have been selected, and have been provided with skills through workshop training schemes, a quality control system should be established, as shown in the table below. | | Once the producers have been selected, and have been provided with skills through workshop training schemes, a quality control system should be established, as shown in the table below. |
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| | == Components of a Good Quality Control System<br/> == | | == Components of a Good Quality Control System<br/> == |
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| − | {| style="" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | + | {| style="width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" |
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| | | Testing and certification of design models or prototypes | | | Testing and certification of design models or prototypes |
| − | | The GTZ projects in the Peruvian and Bolivian Andes, for example, contracted the Aprovecho Institute to get Benchmark Certification for all the stoves used in the project [[http://energypedia.info/index.php?title=File:Andes_stove_certifications.pdf&page=1 <font color="#002bb8">see certification sheets</font>]]. After approval of the design model it has to be assured that all stoves produced later have the same quality as the prototypes. | + | | The GTZ projects in the Peruvian and Bolivian Andes, for example, contracted the Aprovecho Institute to get Benchmark Certification for all the stoves used in the project [[http://energypedia.info/index.php?title=File:Andes_stove_certifications.pdf&page=1 see certification sheets]]. After approval of the design model it has to be assured that all stoves produced later have the same quality as the prototypes. |
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| | | External control of the stove quality and the production organisation.<br/> | | | External control of the stove quality and the production organisation.<br/> |
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| | | The Malawian stoves logo indicates by flames and an L-shaped letter that the stove is built to a rocket stove principle. | | | The Malawian stoves logo indicates by flames and an L-shaped letter that the stove is built to a rocket stove principle. |
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| − | | [https://energypedia.info/images/b/b0/Logo1fin.JPG https://energypedia.info/images/b/b0/Logo1fin.JPG] | + | | [[File:Logo1fin.JPG|center]]<br/> |
| − | | [https://energypedia.info/images/f/f2/Logo2final.JPGhttps://energypedia.info/images/0/08/Logo3final.JPG   https://energypedia.info/images/f/f2/Logo2final.JPGhttps://energypedia.info/images/0/08/Logo3final.JPG  ]; Branding stoves through distinctive logos (Malawi, Mali, Burkina Faso; Source: GTZ) | + | | |
| | + | Branding stoves through distinctive logos (Malawi, Mali, Burkina Faso; Source: GTZ)<br/> |
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| | + | [[File:Logo3final.JPG|center]]<br/> |
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| | | Identification of every stove with serial number | | | Identification of every stove with serial number |
| | | In Malawi, each stove leaves the production site with a serial number and a certificate that serves as warranty (granted by producer) | | | In Malawi, each stove leaves the production site with a serial number and a certificate that serves as warranty (granted by producer) |
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| − | | [https://energypedia.info/images/d/d4/Certificatefinal.JPG https://energypedia.info/images/d/d4/Certificatefinal.JPG] | + | | [[File:Certificatefinal.JPG|center]]<br/> |
| − | | [https://energypedia.info/images/4/4d/Serialnrfinal.JPG   https://energypedia.info/images/4/4d/Serialnrfinal.JPG  ]; Certification of producers and serial numbers of stoves in Malawi (Photos: GTZ) | + | | Certification of producers and serial numbers of stoves in Malawi (Photos: GTZ) |
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| | | Systematic registration of the stoves by the producer, when sold to whom | | | Systematic registration of the stoves by the producer, when sold to whom |
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| − | -> [https://energypedia.info/images/5/57/Jetztaber.JPG https://energypedia.info/images/5/57/Jetztaber.JPG]
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| − | Page of a record booklet with stove images. Photo: GTZ Burkina Faso
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| | Although monitoring and control of these ‘over the counter’ technologies at the workshop gate is easy to operate, it is very difficult and laborious to assess the later use, performance and lifetime of the products in the end users household. | | Although monitoring and control of these ‘over the counter’ technologies at the workshop gate is easy to operate, it is very difficult and laborious to assess the later use, performance and lifetime of the products in the end users household. |
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| | = Further Information<br/> = | | = Further Information<br/> = |
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| − | {| style="" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | + | {| style="width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" |
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| − | | Andrea Reikat: GTZ FAFASO: '''[http://energypedia.info/index.php/File:Fr-fafaso_-_le_syst%C3%A8me_de_suivi-2007_.pdf <font color="#810081">Le Systeme de suivi</font>] '''(presentation) | + | | Andrea Reikat: GTZ FAFASO: '''[http://energypedia.info/index.php/File:Fr-fafaso_-_le_système_de_suivi-2007_.pdf Le Systeme de suivi]''' |
| − | | | + | | [[:File:http://www.hedon.info/docs/CEC_2.2_LeSystem_de_suivi-2007.pdf|Presentation - FAFASO: Le système de suivi]] |
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| − | | GTZ ProBEC: [http://energypedia.info/index.php/File:En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf <font color="#002bb8">'''Institutional Stoves in Malawi'''</font>](presentation) | + | | GTZ ProBEC: [http://energypedia.info/index.php/File:En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf Institutional Stoves in Malawi] |
| − | | [https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/4/4d/En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf/page1-180px-En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf.jpg https://energypedia.info/images/thumb/4/4d/En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf/page1-180px-En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf.jpg] | + | | [[:File:En-probec_institutional_stoves_mw-2007.pdf|Presentation - PROBEC Institutional Stoves in Malawi]]<br/> |
| | |} | | |} |
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| | = References<br/> = | | = References<br/> = |
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| − | This article was originally published by [http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/12941.htm GIZ HERA]. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the [[Imprint - GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|Imprint]]. | + | This article was originally published by [http://www.giz.de/Themen/en/12941.htm GIZ HERA]. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the [[Imprint_-_GIZ_HERA_Cooking_Energy_Compendium|Imprint]]. |
| | | | |
| | <references /> | | <references /> |
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| − | | + | <br/> |
| | | | |
| | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview Cooking Energy Compendium]] | | [[GIZ HERA Cooking Energy Compendium|--> Back to Overview Cooking Energy Compendium]] |
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| − | [[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium]]
| |
| | [[Category:GIZ_HERA]] | | [[Category:GIZ_HERA]] |
| | + | [[Category:Improved_Cooking]] |
| | + | [[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium]] |
A wide spectrum of manufacturing methods falls between these two systems; for example, village stove builders may use prefabricated parts for their locally made mud stoves. The one extreme is the user who builds his own stove directly in his house from locally available material. The other extreme is the centralised production of stoves.
The first system is mostly used in rural areas by informal sector entrepreneurs, whereas the second system is often associated with urban settlements and the formal sector. Each of these approaches to production requires a project to be run in a way that optimises the number and quality of stoves that are made. It will require appropriate training methods and quality control systems. The third system is based on large scale production facilities in the formal sector.
A good example of the development of a decentralized production system is the mud rocket stove for rural households in Uganda and Kenya.
Portable stoves, made of metal or ceramic, are generally produced in workshops or factories and then sold directly to the end users either directly from the factory, via wholesalers and retailers, or through distribution organisations. Generally, this results in a small number of producers. In this case a quality management system has to focus on:
At the producer level, this includes selecting the right producers and ensuring that they are suitably qualified. Projects supported by GTZ have developed several methods to select the most appropriate producers using the following criteria:
Once the producers have been selected, and have been provided with skills through workshop training schemes, a quality control system should be established, as shown in the table below.
Although monitoring and control of these ‘over the counter’ technologies at the workshop gate is easy to operate, it is very difficult and laborious to assess the later use, performance and lifetime of the products in the end users household.
