Liberia Energy Situation

Revision as of 08:48, 15 June 2013

General Situation

Liberia has currently a population of roughly 4 million people. It is estimated that 76% of the population has an income of less
than US$1 a day and 52% less than US$ 0.50 a day. Poverty is considerably higher in rural areas than in urban areas.

Energy Situation

Energy consumption in Liberia is dominated by biomass with a share of more than 80% of the used primary energy sources. Most important is woody biomass being used for domestic cooking and heating. In 2004, it was estimated that over 95% of the population depends on firewood and charcoal for cooking and heating needs and palm oil for lighting. The most recent Census (2008 data, published in 2009) shows that 70% of the urban population use charcoal for cooking and 5% of the rural population; 91% of the rural population use firewood for cooking and 21% of the urban population. In Monrovia, the percentage of households using charcoal is even higher, 85%.
Modern energy services based on electricity and petroleum products are predominantly used for economic production and transportation. In the household sector, the use of modern energy services consists mainly of kerosene, electricity, and liquefied petroleum gas for lighting, cooking, and entertainment. These are used by higher income households in urban areas. Historically electricity was mainly provided in the capital of Monrovia; around 35,000 customers—almost 13 percent of the population—were served by 1989. Total installed electricity capacity was 191 MW. The generation mix was composed of hydropower from the plant at Mt. Coffee—with a supply capacity of 63 MW during the wet season and 5 MW during the dry season (six months)—and 31 percent HFO and 21 percent diesel. The utility LEC also handled the electricity supply of rural areas outside Monrovia through 10 small isolated power systems with a total installed capacity of 13 MW.
According to the data of the government, about 10% of urban residents and less than 2% of rural residents have currently electricity access largely from self-generation with gasoline or diesel generators using expensive imported fuel. The access rate to public electricity is roughly 1%. In March 2012 LEC served about 5,600 connections in Monrovia (around 2,500 residents from an estimated number of 210,000 households), In August 2012 already 11,000 customers are served by LEC. A baseline study carried out by Norad estimates that close to 90,000 households and businesses in Monrovia may be served by small gasoline and diesel generators. It is planned to increase the number of connections to the grid to 45,000. Each connection will cost around 1000 USD.

Energy Supply

Electricity

The installed generation capacity is 22,6 MW of Diesel power, of which about 16-18 MW are effectively available. All stations are in or near Monrovia (four High Speed Diesel (HSD) generating stations in the areas of Paynesville (2 x 0.3 MW), Congo Town (2 x 1.0 MW), Kru Town (5 x 1.0 MW) and Bushrod Island (15 x 1.0 MW) and a number of 22 kV feeders serving areas around and between the Generating Stations. A 66 kV subtransmission line tying all four stations together has been recently commissioned and all generation is now supplied from Bushrod Island from the USAID funded 10 MW HSD installation. With the exception of Gbamga, Bong County, there is no generation capacity outside of Monrovia beyond privately-owned generators and scattered donor-funded pilot projects. A number of Government agencies, community organizations and private sector establishments in rural locations in several counties have been able to receive diesel generators and solar power systems through USAID, the United Nations Development Programme, and some NGOs. Data on the energy supply outside Monrovia are scarce. The amount and location of households using solar PV systems in Liberia is not known. According to the RREA, there is no data on biogas or wind energy project identified in the country. Only one small wind turbine has been noticed in Monrovia. Currently, there are no data on the number of people using stand alone diesel plants in the country. With regard to electricity access by household, The Liberia Electricity Company (LEC) has some scattered data on the capitals of the counties. Due largely to expensive diesel production, Liberia has one of the highest public tariffs in the world (in October 2012 $0.52/kWh). The tariff is calculated on a quarterly basis taking into account the price of equipment, service schedule, cost of overhauls, 20 percent of technical and nontechnical losses, US$0.02/kWh for distribution operation and maintenance costs, the LEC’s administrative costs, and a 93 percent efficiency in collections. The generation cost is estimated at US$0.32/kWh. The cost of self-generation is estimated at not less than US $0.75/kWh. The GOL subsidizes the balance of LEC’s costs and is expected to continue doing so during the transition to cheaper medium-term generation options now under active investigation and planning.
Liberia has considerable potential for hydroelectric power. At the onset of civil war there were three operational hydroelectric power plants in Liberia: Harbel (Firestone), 4MW; Mount Coffee (LEC), 64MW; and Yandahun (a community micro hydro in Lofa County), 30KW. The Mount Coffee and Yandahun plants were destroyed during the war, but the Harbel plant is still operational. A number of feasibility studies were carried over the period 1976-1983. At least 14 large scale schemes were identified in over six main rivers. The Cavalla River has a single largest potential (225MW at Tiboto) but with more than half of this in Cote d’Ivoire, bilateral cooperation is required for its development. Similarly, the Mano River, with the potential of up to 180MW, has nearly a quarter of its basin in Sierra Leone2. However, since four of the six river basins are within Liberia’s borders, they could be developed. The major drawback is that all suffer from the problem of low-head flow, requiring huge investment in storage or reservoir to maintain firm capacity during the dry season. About 24 other sites have been identified for small hydroelectric schemes (up to 5 MW). In 1988, the Liberia Electricity Corporation (LEC) sought investment capital to develop six mini hydro schemes with total installed capacity of about 20 MW, which was intended to supply three rural grids serving 14 major population centers in the northern half of Liberia.

Biomass

With some 60% of the land is covered with forests (5.7 million hectares, FRM 2004), there is no lack of trees in Liberia. There are 11 designated National Forests in the country (under limited protection), and two legally protected areas, Sapo National Park (approximately 149,000 ha) and East Nimba (about 15,000 ha). The FDA, Forest Development Authority has the exclusive rights to manage forest resources and focuses on large-scale concessions for timber extraction.
The US national Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) recently studied biomass resources (other than forestry) in Liberia with a view how these resources could be used for energy purposes. NREL also indicated that the potential annual waste stream from logging operations - once they restart - could be very substantial, with an estimated 20 million m3 available (162,645 TJ/year), of which 10.9 million m3 at sawmills and the remainder at the logging site; most of that waste would be lost. The annual waste at the sawmills would be able to produce 100 million bags of charcoal, if all waste were convertible into charcoal; this is much more than is currently used in the country.
NREL further estimates that of the total cropland in Liberia, 37% of the territory, only 6% is currently cultivated. The remaining cropland amounts to some 3 million hectares, which indicates that in addition to existing resources, there is a large potential for new crops including tree crops that could yield resources suitable for charcoal production.
Large-scale rubber plantations (>800 ha) in Liberia today cover an area of approximately 58,000 hectares, some of which are in close vicinity of Monrovia; more land used to be under rubber trees as well: NREL estimates about 100,000 ha in total. Buchanan Renewables indicated that the area currently under rubber trees (all types of plantations combined) would be more like 250,000 ha, of which possibly one-third should be renewed soon. There are also smaller rubber plantations (5-800 ha), but these are generally perceived to have newer trees on their estates. In addition, there are numerous household plantations below 5 ha each.
An active rubber plantation annually generates considerable amounts of wood residues from pruning and replanting activities, and charcoalers are known to use this for making charcoal. Trees need replacement after 25-30 years when these cease to be productive; approximately 81 dry tonnes of wood (trunks, branches) can be obtained per hectare of old trees (about 180 m3 of green wood).
Oil palm trees are abundant in the coastal regions, on family plots, in the wild, and on abandoned plantations (30,000 ha). Most trees are at the end of their productive life. It is unknown if old trees are converted into charcoal.
The average household farm is 1.2 ha, and 6% of the 353 thousand farms have coconut trees as a cash crop, 13% have oil palms, and 32% cacao trees. It is not know to what extent these trees contribute to charcoal production, but it is certain that it cannot be ignored.

Energy Consumption

Electricity

Estimates of the current level of electricity demand range from 11 to 25 MW. In June 2012 the peak demand was 8.6 MW. While Liberia’s First State of the Environment Report forecasts that the demand for electricity will rise an average of 10.3% annually by 2010, and then decrease slightly to a 3.4% growth annually until 2020, a recent demand forecast by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) projects total demand for Monrovia and its environs of 19 MW by 2010, 34 MW by 2015, and 41 MW by 2020. For a variety of reasons, it appears that these forecasts are very conservative.

The actual demand for Liberia, including the various concessions, is likely to be in excess of 350 MW by 2020, for the following reasons:

Liberia’s population has been growing at an average annual rate of 2.1%. Over 53 percent of the population is under 18 years of age. With a large pent-up demand for consumer goods and services as evidenced by previous levels of demand and rising incomes, demand for energy used in the production of these goods will increase as the population rises.
Since pre-conflict electricity capacity exceeded 400 MW, it seems likely that at some point the economy will begin to take off and very quickly reach previous levels of capacity. Industries which are large consumers of energy are only now looking at Liberia for opportunities to re-invest. Cement processing, rubber processing, breweries, and other factories and industrial operations have a huge demand for power. Prior to the civil conflict, the iron ore industry consumed about 210 MW of electricity. Although none of these former mines are currently in operation, the Government has prioritized their re-opening in the short to medium term, beginning with a recent concession agreement with ArcelorMittal for one of the former mines. The next two concessions for the Western Cluster iron ore deposits and the Old Bong Mines will be awarded soon. Furthermore, aggressive mineral exploration and resource appraisal programs for additional iron ore deposits are underway. The prospects for new hard rock mines for minerals such as gold, diamonds, uranium, and bauxite are very promising. The demand for energy for these operations in the medium and long term will be very significant, and without a strong Government energy policy, the requisite power to fuel these mining operations will not be developed.
The agriculture sector, although mostly artisanal at present, has a high demand for energy services. Agro-based concessions, such as rubber and other mechanized activities, produce electricity for their own consumption. Demand for energy in agriculture in the short, medium, and long term will be significant.

Almost 74% of Liberia’s population resides in rural areas, while the remaining 26% live in and around the urban center of Monrovia. Rural households expend a significant amount of their meager incomes on inferior forms of energy such as candles, flashlights, and kerosene or oil lanterns for lighting. Higher fuel costs result from long transportation distances, fragmented delivery systems, and absence of economies of scale.

Biomass

According to the Central Bank of Liberia (CBL), a total of 255 tons of commercial charcoal was consumed in 1999. The National Charcoal Union of Liberia (NACUL) estimated that charcoal consumption in Liberia went up to 36,500 tons in 2005 and that 960,000 trees were cut around Monrovia every year. Production and consumption increased further and reached at least 100.000 tones. Other sources estimate that production/consumption has already reached between 235’000 and 285’000 tons for the year 2010 with a per capita production/consumption of 59 kg per year.

Charcoal production and commercialization are entirely run by private operators and community-based organizations. There are no firm data on firewood consumption in Liberia, but findings from a survey conducted by CSET in 2004 indicate that scarcity of firewood could become a serious problem in some parts of Liberia, especially in Montserrado County. Annual consumption of firewood is estimated to be 1 m³ per person and year. In some rural areas it can go up to 18m3 per household. Forecast for the country estimates an annual increase in demand of about 0.6 m³ per household. Other estimates foresee an annual increase in demand of about 0,43 m³ per person. On the other hand most rural household use firewood that is collected from their immediate surroundings, consisting mainly of dead wood, branches, etc., Although more households are using firewood than charcoal, the number of trees available is so large and the population density is relatively low so that it is reasonable to assume that the collection of firewood does not pose a problem in the short and medium run. The potential for serious environmental damage to wood resources as a result of charcoal production is more severe.

Energy Policy, Energy Strategy

The Government of Liberia (GOL) is considering energy access to the population, particularly to the previously neglected rural poor a cornerstone of its policy. The GoL published in 2007 a Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy and Action Plan. In the document the government outlines its policy to build and increase the application of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies in Liberia by promoting investment, technology transfer, market development and local capacity building. In 2009 a National Energy Policy (NEP) was formulated which further developed the ideas of the Policy and Action Plan. NEP defines as principal objective of the national energy policy to ensure universal access to modern energy services in an affordable, sustainable and environmentally-friendly manner in order to foster the economic, political, and social development of Liberia. In addition, the GoL declares its intention to drive Liberia towards a carbon neutral economy by 2050. Short term objectives of the policy are that by 2015:

40% of Liberian citizens living in rural and peri-urban areas and using traditional biomass for cooking shall have access to improved stoves and kerosene or efficient-gas cookers in order to reduce indoor pollution;
30% of the urban and peri-urban population shall have access to reliable modern energy services enabling them to meet their basic needs (lighting, cooking, communication, and small production-related activities);
15% of the rural population and 25% of the schools, clinics, and community centers in rural areas shall have access to modern energy services to meet the same basic needs.

The GOL expects to achieve its access goals for 2015 while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 10%, improving energy efficiency by 20%, raising the share of renewable energy to 30% of electricity production and 10% of overall energy consumption, and increasing the level of biofuels in transport fuel to 5%. However, it seems that the GOL is increasingly becoming aware that they will not be able to achieve the goals till 2015. Recently they defined as new goals - this time for 2030- to reach electricity coverage of 70 per cent of the population in Monrovia, and 35 per cent nationwide by 2030.

The NEP is considered a key contribution to the poverty reduction policy of the government as outlined in the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS). Poverty reduction is built on four pillars:

consolidating peace and security
revitalizing the economy
strengthening governance and the rule of law
rehabilitating infrastructure and delivering basic services.

However, there are doubts whether the NEP targets can be met. For example, the management contract has a target to connect 33,000 customers by 2015 but the NEP target would imply that 119,007 connections would have to be made to reach that target. It is unclear how the difference will be made up for. No policy or measures beyond small pilot activities have been taken as of early 2010 that would indicate any measures are under way for improved cook stoves. This makes the cook stove target the most difficult to reach. Furthermore, the NEP states that these access targets are to be achieved while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 10 percent, improving energy efficiency by 20%, raising the share of renewable energy to 30% of electricity production and 10 percent of overall energy consumption, and increasing the level of biofuels in transport fuel to 5%. Beyond 2015 the long-term strategy is to make Liberia a carbon-neutral country within a specified target period. With respect to greenhouse gas emissions it is to be noted that in mid-2011 no greenhouse gas inventory of Liberia existed, and that therefore the proposed greenhouse gas emission reductions appeared difficult to verify.

Institutional Set up

Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy (MLME):The key roles and responsibilities of the Ministry especially the Department of Energy (DoE), among others, are to facilitate the provision of energy to the domestic, commercial and industrial users by public enterprises and the private sector, through the development of an efficient regulatory, planning and implementation framework. It also reorientates the approach to rural electrification emphasising informed community choice, sustainability and containment of Government subsidy to achieve greater penetration of electrification into rural areas. Furthermore, to research and promote the development of local energy resources such as Hydro-power, biomass, solar, wave and wind energy; and promote energy conservation measures which improve both technical and economic efficiency in energy use.

Rural and Renewable Energy Agency (RREA): The RREA is the agency dedicated to the commercial development and supply of modern energy services to rural Liberia with emphasis on utilizing available local renewable energy resources. The RREA’s mandate includes integrating energy into rural development planning; promotion of renewable energy technologies; facilitating delivery of energy products and services through rural energy service companies (RESCOs) and community initiatives; and facilitating the funding of rural energy projects including managing a Rural Energy Fund (REFUND). The REFUND aims to provide for the coordinated and sustainable financing of projects and programs for the delivery of modern energy services for rural development. REFUND is intended to become the channel through which all domestic and international financial resources intended for rural energy delivery in Liberia shall be managed. REFUND’s main distinction from other funds is the focus on economic viability, including environmental and social benefits, regardless of financial viability. Prioritization of projects on the basis of economic viability will ensure that the income-generation programs supported by initial investments will be able to contribute financially to subsequent projects. However, also demographic and geographic criteria will be considered in order to ensure growth with equity. Where projects are of the same order of economic viability, preference shall be given to those serving more people. Where the projects serve approximately the same number of people, preference shall be given to those serving more than one village, district, or county. The REFUND will mobilize funding for rural and renewable energy services through the following mechanisms:

Domestic – Energy taxes, levies, and fees; general taxes; user fees and capital contributions; voluntary corporate social responsibility contributions.
International – Traditional bilateral and multilateral loans and grants; carbon finance.

The three main uses of the REFUND will be:

Capacity building – This will be based on grant funding and includes support for the operating budget of the RREA, marketing and promotion of renewable energy technologies, and technical assistance (research and development, feasibility studies, business planning, training and development, etc.).
Project and consumer finance – This includes provision of grants to match community contributions for approved rural and renewable energy projects and programs; provision of subsidized loans for projects that cannot be funded through commercial financial services; provision of consumer loans through micro-credit financial institutions.
Risk management – This includes provision of partial or full guarantees for approved rural and renewable energy projects and programs that can be funded through commercial financial services but where the project promoters do not have the collateral needed.

The focus of the existing working team of RREA is on sustainable solar market packages (SSMP). In additon it is planned to work out a Rural Energy Master Plan, which will provide a prioritized development program to achieve universal energy access. Together with a Grid Development Master Plan, the country’s long-run marginal cost can then be derived to serve as a strategic planning guide.
Energy Regulatory Board (ERB): ERB approves the tariffs and prices set by the operators. The general policy is that energy services should be provided on a full cost-recovery basis to those who are able to pay and on a targeted subsidized basis to those who can only afford to pay a portion of the cost.The Government intends to establish a regulatory process for monitoring all costs – economic, financial, social, and environmental – and allocating these to the user (rate payer or polluter) or public (taxpayer) as appropriate.
Bureau of Standards: is responsible to establish standards to ensure accuracy of meters and gauges, product safety, security, reliability, consistency, purity, and availability as well as timeliness in responding to stakeholder service requests.
Liberia Electricity Company (LEC): The utility is managed by a joint venture between Manitoba Hydro International and Kenyan Power and Light Corporation based on a 5-year Management Contract (MC) that started on July 1st, 2010. The management is supervised by a Board that is supported by NetGroup (RSA) in its monitoring and supervisory role. The MC incorporates a results based financing component. It includes performance fees and penalties for over and under performance, respectively, on key indicators. In addition, reduction/increases in operational costs will lead to performance/penalty fees.
A key aspect of the MC is that the target indicators were to be based on the initial (tentative) commitments from donors for
investment contributions, totaling $53million over the 5 years. Thus, the Operator has a strong incentive to use donor contributions
effectively and achieve improved results. In addition, the World Bank has committed some $2million per year in OBA financing. Further to the performance indicators, the Operator is required to carry out a range of training activities and has rather
extensive reporting requirements. Performance indicators include:
reduction of technical and non-technical losses from 23% to 12%, generation efficiency, increase of the billing and collection rate from 94 to 97%, removal of illegal connections/networks and correction of metering discrepancies and to connect additional 10000 customers.

Internationally Funded Projects and Programmes

Main Energy Programmes / Activities in the Past

In 2006, the Emergency Power Program (EPP) was designed to re-establish public power supply as part of the Government’s political stabilization and economic reconstruction program. Several international partners, including the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Norway, the European Union, and the World Bank provided over US $40 million in grant funding and technical assistance. As a result of EPP, power generation based on diesel providing 9.6 MW, 80 km of transmission and distribution network were restored, 1,000 street lights installed and over 2,500 customers in Monrovia served. As a next step power generation was increased to 23MW with 10MW financed by USAID and 3MW by Norway
The Liberia Energy Assistance Program (LEAP) was a parallel initiative undertaken by the International Resources Group (IRG). LEAP was composed of five tasks, which include the following:

Continued support to LEC, e.g. on prepaid meter systems
Support Energy Sector Reform (Support to the establishment of a Rural and Renewable Energy Agency (RREA) and a Rural Energy Fund (REF)
Development of a National Energy Policy (NEP))
Urban Community Development Pilots
Rural Community Development Pilots (including Implementation of social PV (health centers, schools,…)
Integrating Energy Services into Other Mission Programs

As part of the program the Energy and Security group, a US based service company supported the installation of PV system of different sizes on social institutions and enterprises.

New Energy Programmes

1) Norway: provides roughly 50 Mil. EUR for the support of the energy sector with several programmes. They cover nearly all aspects of the sector’s development:

The “Gaps” Project has provided funds to improve access to electricity among the residents of Monrovia (3,500 new connections), and has improved the overall performance of the Monrovia grid, and thereby LEC. Additionally, the project has improved safety through installing street lights (100).
The project to support the Liberian Electricity Corporation has contributed a) to put in place an international operator who manages LEC for 5 years and thereby helps to establish LEC as a competent, professional, financially robust and responsible electric utility. It also significantly improved electricity services throughout Monrovia, reduced sector costs and thereby electricity prices, and enabled LEC to effectively manage donor contributions so as to achieve at least 30,000 new connections and b) to implement the investment plans among other the rehabilitation of the hydro power station Mt Coffee.
The institutional program between the Norwegian Water Resource and Energy Directorate (NVE) and Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy (MLME) (2010 to 2015) has the objective to develop skills at monitoring and managing water and energy resources through capacity building at the Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy. The Programme is based on the following six components:
- Preparation of a legal and regulatory framework for the power sector
- Capacity building in the MLME and the LEC, and other government agencies.
- Generation, planning and coordination
- Upgrading of the national hydrometeorological network and database
- Rural and renewable energy
- The gender aspects and women’s empowerment in the energy sector

2) World Bank is carrying out the Liberia Electricity Enhancement Project (LESEP) since 2010. The total project budget was 51 m USD (10 m IDA, 10 m GPOBA, 2 m AFREA and 29 m NORAD). The project includes the following components:
Component A. Enhancing delivery of distribution services, including for low-income
households;
Sub-component A.1: Distribution network reinforcement and extension (IDA).
Sub-Component A.2: Connection of new low-income costumers (GPOBA).
Sub-Component A.3: Distribution network reinforcement and extension (Government of Norway).
Component B. Enhancing options for power generation (IDA)
Component C. Providing modern renewable energy services to off-grid users
Sub-component C.1: Renewable energy pilot activities in rural areas (AFREA, GEF).
Sub-component C.2: Technical Assistance (AFREA, GEF).
Component D. Technical assistance for the Ministry of Lands, Mines and Energy (IDA).
As part of the program GPOBA is financing new connections to the grid, so that the targets for additional connections for 2012 and 2013 are 20,000 customers of which approximately 16,000 will be poor or low income residential. The budget is 10 Mil. USD. GPOBA will pay LEC a capital subsidy of US$ 595 for each connection installed (reminder: Current connection cost for LEC is
approx. US$ 1’000). LEC will receive the subsidy payment only after independent verification of household connections. 80 percent
will be paid after a connection in a priority neighbourhood is made and verified; and the remaining 20 percent will be paid upon verification of proof of three months satisfactory service delivery to target households.

LESEP was recently upscaled with additional $ 56.9 m (including 33 m from JIPCA, 1.45 m GEF and 0,5 m Norway) in support of grid and off-electrification.

3) USAID – New Renewable Energy Programme:
$24mio over 4 years; $4mio into power generation; $4mio into institutional support for implementation of NEP
Focus:

(community-run) MHP
Biomass (residue use)
Potentially hybrid systems of MHP and biomass gasification as rivers dry up in dry season
Winrock International has a four-year (2010 to 2014) contract to support USAID/Liberia in their efforts to increase access to affordable, renewable energy services in geographically focused rural and urban areas. The project is entitled the Liberia Energy Sector Support Program, LESSP. The focus of this programme is capacity development of governmental institutions to strengthen the GOL's capacity to implement plans for rural electrification as expressed in the national energy sector policy.

Activities of Donors

Synthesis of Donor Interventions in the Electricity Sector

Name	Project Description	Sub-sector	Units	Capacity	Location	Cost (US$m)	a) Financiers b) implementer	Status
Liberia Electricity System Enhancement project (LESEP)	Expansion of Monrovia’s distribution network; Rehabilitation of HFO storage/offloading facilities; Generation overhaul; Capacity building of LEC	Distribution Generation	Urban households	33'000	Monrovia	48	NORAD, GPOBA, IDA	On-going
Liberia Electricity System Enhancement project (LESEP)	Establishment of Rural and Renewable Energy Agency. Provision of micro-hydro, solar energy to off-grid users	Rural Electrification	Rural households	9'000	Lofa, Bong	3	AFREA TF	On-going
Catalyzing New Renewable Energy in Rural Liberia	Establishing RREA; Pilot microhydro & Lighting Lives in Liberia (LLL)					3.4	WB
Scale-up LLL			lights	100 000		1.45	WB
Rural Energy Master Plan and SSMP	Development of Liberia's rural energy master plan; Pilot rural SSMP	Rural Electrification	Rural households	4'000	Lofa	2	EU	Funding secured
Monrovia Electricity Grid Rehabilitation	Grid Rehabilitation	Transmission & Distri-bution			Greater Monrovia	25	EU	Ongoing – final acceptance Nov. 2012
Renewable Energy for Health Care Facilities	Providing Photovoltaic Power to the 205 public Health Facilities without access to electricity; total number of HC 400	Electrification	Health Facilities	205	All of Liberia	2	a) 75% EU, 25% MoH b) NGO: Merlin in cooperation with Liberian solar company West Coast Services	Started 2011; HC will receive one of 3 systems: 405 W peek power 10 lights + HF Radio charging 665 W peek power 20 lights + HF Radio charging; 1080 W peek power 40 lights + HF Radio charging; Maintenance shall be done by MoH.
Cross Border Rural Electrification	Cross Border Rural Communities Electrification project (Côte d'Ivoire - Liberia)	Rural Electrification	Population	130'000 (25’000 households)	Nimba, Grand Ghede and Maryland counties	11.7	WAPP(50%) EU (50%)	Funding secured
Buchanan Renewable Energy	Biomass energy plant using rubber wood chips	Generation	MW	31 - 35	Kakata	170	BR, OPIC, Mr.McBain	Planned
The Liberia Energy Sector Support Program (LESSP)	Four pilots to create micro-grids in rural areas based on biomass and hydro sources	Rural Electrification	Rural households		Lofa, Bong, Nimba	6	USAID	Funding secured
Diesel Generators	Additional generators for Monrovia	Generation	MW	3	Bushrod (Monrovia)	2	NORAD	Complete
Diesel Generators	Additional generators for Monrovia	Generation	MW	10	Bushrod (Monrovia)	6	USAID	Complete
HFO-fired generation plant	Additional generators for Monrovia	Generation	MW	10 - 20	Bushrod (Monrovia)	15-30	JICA	Planned
WAPP CLSG	Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea (CLSG) Weat Africa Power Pool (WAPP) interconnection and sub-stations	Transmission	Kms MW	510 100 Through interconnection	Yekepa Buchanan Mt. Coffee Monrovia-Foya	494	EIB, EU, IDA, KfW	Funding secured
Mt. Coffee HEP	Rehabilitation of pre-war hydro-electric plant of Mount Coffee	Generation	MW	64	St John River	162	Norway, KfW, EIB, (AfDB, WB)	Funding Pledges received
Foya River HEP	New hydro-electric plant	Generation	MW	50	Foya River (border Liberia/ Sierra Leone)	143		Funding unsecured
St. Paul River HEP1B and 2	New hydro-electric plants	Generation	MW	198	St Paul River	879		Funding unsecured
Energising Development (EnDev)	development of a market for pico PV products; support to installation of a pilot minigrid;	Rural Electrification	Population and Social Institutions	5,500 (people)	Monrovia, Foya, Lofa	0,586	BMZ, DGIS, NORAD, DFID, AUSAID	Pilot Phase

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Liberia Energy Situation

Revision as of 08:48, 15 June 2013

Contents

General Situation

Energy Situation

Energy Supply

Electricity

Biomass

Energy Consumption

Electricity

Biomass

Energy Policy, Energy Strategy

Institutional Set up

Internationally Funded Projects and Programmes

Main Energy Programmes / Activities in the Past

New Energy Programmes

Activities of Donors

References

@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
 *Potentially hybrid systems of MHP and biomass gasification as rivers dry up in dry season
 *Winrock International has a four-year (2010 to 2014) contract to support USAID/Liberia in their efforts to increase access to affordable, renewable energy services in geographically focused rural and urban areas. The project is entitled the Liberia Energy Sector Support Program, LESSP. The focus of this programme is capacity development of governmental institutions to strengthen the GOL's capacity to implement plans for rural electrification as expressed in the national energy sector policy.
@@ Line 329: / Line 330: @@
 a) 75% EU, 25% MoH
-b) NGO: Merlin
+b) NGO: Merlin in cooperation with Liberian solar company West Coast Services
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Started 2011;
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Started 2011; HC will receive one of 3 systems: <span>405 W peek power 10 lights + HF Radio charging<br/>665 W peek power 20 lights + HF Radio charging; 1080 W peek power 40 lights + HF Radio charging; Maintenance shall be done by MoH.</span></font>
-HC will receive one of 3 systems: <span>405 W peek power 10 lights +<br/>HF Radio charging<br/>665 W peek power 20 lights + HF Radio charging<br/>1080 W peek power 40 lights + HF Radio charging</font></span>
 |- valign="top"
 | style="width: 80px; height: 73px;" bgcolor="#ccffcc" |
-<font size="1">Cross Border Rural Electrification</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Cross Border Rural Electrification</font></font>
 | style="width: 90px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Cross Border Rural Communities Electrification project (Côte d'Ivoire - Liberia)</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Cross Border Rural Communities Electrification project (Côte d'Ivoire - Liberia)</font></font>
 | style="width: 75px;" |
-<font size="1">Rural Electrification</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Rural Electrification</font></font>
 | style="width: 44px;" bgcolor="#ffff99" |
-<font size="1">Population</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Population</font></font>
 | style="width: 50px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">130'000</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">130'000</font></font>
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">(25’000 households)</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">(25’000 households)</font></font>
 | style="width: 84px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Nimba, Grand Ghede and Maryland counties</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Nimba, Grand Ghede and Maryland counties</font></font>
 | style="width: 66px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">11.7</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">11.7</font></font>
 | style="width: 45px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">WAPP(50%) EU (50%)</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">WAPP(50%) EU (50%)</font></font>
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1">Funding secured</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Funding secured</font></font>
 |- valign="top"
 | style="width: 80px; height: 41px;" bgcolor="#ccffcc" |
-<font size="1">Buchanan Renewable Energy</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Buchanan Renewable Energy</font></font>
 | style="width: 90px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Biomass energy plant using rubber wood chips</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Biomass energy plant using rubber wood chips</font></font>
 | style="width: 75px;" |
-<font size="1">Generation</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Generation</font></font>
 | style="width: 44px;" bgcolor="#ffcc00" |
-<font size="1">MW</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">MW</font></font>
 | style="width: 50px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">31 - 35</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">31 - 35</font></font>
 | style="width: 84px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Kakata</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Kakata</font></font>
 | style="width: 66px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">170</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">170</font></font>
 | style="width: 45px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">BR, OPIC, Mr.McBain</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">BR, OPIC, Mr.McBain</font></font>
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1">Planned</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Planned</font></font>
 |- valign="top"
 | style="width: 80px; height: 67px;" bgcolor="#ccffcc" |
-<font size="1">The Liberia Energy Sector Support Program (LESSP)</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">The Liberia Energy Sector Support Program (LESSP)</font></font>
 | style="width: 90px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Four pilots to create micro-grids in rural areas based on biomass and hydro sources</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Four pilots to create micro-grids in rural areas based on biomass and hydro sources</font></font>
 | style="width: 75px;" |
-<font size="1">Rural Electrification</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Rural Electrification</font></font>
 | style="width: 44px;" bgcolor="#ffff99" |
-<font size="1">Rural households</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Rural households</font></font>
 | style="width: 50px;" |
@@ Line 410: / Line 410: @@
 | style="width: 84px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Lofa, Bong, Nimba</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Lofa, Bong, Nimba</font></font>
 | style="width: 66px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">6</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">6</font></font>
 | style="width: 45px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">USAID</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">USAID</font></font>
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1">Funding secured</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Funding secured</font></font>
 |- valign="top"
 | style="width: 80px; height: 31px;" bgcolor="#ccffcc" |
-<font size="1">Diesel Generators</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Diesel Generators</font></font>
 | style="width: 90px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Additional generators for Monrovia</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Additional generators for Monrovia</font></font>
 | style="width: 75px;" |
-<font size="1">Generation</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Generation</font></font>
 | style="width: 44px;" bgcolor="#ff0000" |
-<font size="1">MW</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">MW</font></font>
 | style="width: 50px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">3</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">3</font></font>
 | style="width: 84px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Bushrod (Monrovia)</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Bushrod (Monrovia)</font></font>
 | style="width: 66px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">2</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">2</font></font>
 | style="width: 45px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">NORAD</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">NORAD</font></font>
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1">Complete</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Complete</font></font>
 |- valign="top"
 | style="width: 80px; height: 31px;" bgcolor="#ccffcc" |
-<font size="1">Diesel Generators</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Diesel Generators</font></font>
 | style="width: 90px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Additional generators for Monrovia</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Additional generators for Monrovia</font></font>
 | style="width: 75px;" |
-<font size="1">Generation</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Generation</font></font>
 | style="width: 44px;" bgcolor="#ff0000" |
-<font size="1">MW</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">MW</font></font>
 | style="width: 50px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">10</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">10</font></font>
 | style="width: 84px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Bushrod (Monrovia)</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Bushrod (Monrovia)</font></font>
 | style="width: 66px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">6</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">6</font></font>
 | style="width: 45px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">USAID</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">USAID</font></font>
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1">Complete</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Complete</font></font>
 |- valign="top"
 | style="width: 80px; height: 31px;" bgcolor="#ccffcc" |
-<font size="1">HFO-fired generation plant</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">HFO-fired generation plant</font></font>
 | style="width: 90px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Additional generators for Monrovia</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Additional generators for Monrovia</font></font>
 | style="width: 75px;" |
-<font size="1">Generation</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Generation</font></font>
 | style="width: 44px;" bgcolor="#ff0000" |
-<font size="1">MW</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">MW</font></font>
 | style="width: 50px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">10 - 20</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">10 - 20</font></font>
 | style="width: 84px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Bushrod (Monrovia)</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Bushrod (Monrovia)</font></font>
 | style="width: 66px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">15-30</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">15-30</font></font>
 | style="width: 45px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">JICA</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">JICA</font></font>
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1">Planned</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Planned</font></font>
 |- valign="top"
 | style="width: 80px; height: 73px;" bgcolor="#ccffcc" |
-<font size="1">WAPP CLSG</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">WAPP CLSG</font></font>
 | style="width: 90px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea (CLSG) Weat Africa Power Pool (WAPP) interconnection and sub-stations</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea (CLSG) Weat Africa Power Pool (WAPP) interconnection and sub-stations</font></font>
 | style="width: 75px;" |
-<font size="1">Transmission</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Transmission</font></font>
 | style="width: 44px;" bgcolor="#ff0000" |
-<font size="1">Kms</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Kms</font></font>
 <br/>
-<font size="1">MW</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">MW</font></font>
 | style="width: 50px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">510</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">510</font></font>
 <br/>
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">100 Through interconnection</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">100 Through interconnection</font></font>
 | style="width: 84px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Yekepa Buchanan</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Yekepa Buchanan</font></font>
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Mt. Coffee Monrovia-Foya</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Mt. Coffee Monrovia-Foya</font></font>
 | style="width: 66px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">494</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">494</font></font>
 | style="width: 45px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">EIB, EU, IDA, KfW</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">EIB, EU, IDA, KfW</font></font>
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1">Funding secured</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Funding secured</font></font>
 |- valign="top"
 | style="width: 80px; height: 45px;" bgcolor="#ccffcc" |
-<font size="1">Mt. Coffee HEP</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Mt. Coffee HEP</font></font>
 | style="width: 90px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Rehabilitation of pre-war hydro-electric plant of Mount Coffee</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Rehabilitation of pre-war hydro-electric plant of Mount Coffee</font></font>
 | style="width: 75px;" |
-<font size="1">Generation</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Generation</font></font>
 | style="width: 44px;" bgcolor="#ff0000" |
-<font size="1">MW</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">MW</font></font>
 | style="width: 50px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">64</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">64</font></font>
 | style="width: 84px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">St John River</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">St John River</font></font>
 | style="width: 66px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">162</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">162</font></font>
 | style="width: 45px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Norway, KfW, EIB, (AfDB, WB)</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Norway, KfW, EIB, (AfDB, WB)</font></font>
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1">Funding Pledges received</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Funding Pledges received</font></font>
 |- valign="top"
 | style="width: 80px; height: 52px;" bgcolor="#ccffcc" |
-<font size="1">Foya River HEP</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Foya River HEP</font></font>
 | style="width: 90px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">New hydro-electric plant</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">New hydro-electric plant</font></font>
 | style="width: 75px;" |
-<font size="1">Generation</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Generation</font></font>
 | style="width: 44px;" bgcolor="#ffcc00" |
-<font size="1">MW</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">MW</font></font>
 | style="width: 50px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">50</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">50</font></font>
 | style="width: 84px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Foya River (border Liberia/ Sierra Leone)</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Foya River (border Liberia/ Sierra Leone)</font></font>
 | style="width: 66px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">143</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">143</font></font>
 | style="width: 45px;" |
@@ Line 597: / Line 597: @@
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1">Funding unsecured</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Funding unsecured</font></font>
 |- valign="top"
 | style="width: 80px; height: 31px;" bgcolor="#ccffcc" |
-<font size="1">St. Paul River HEP1B and 2</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">St. Paul River HEP1B and 2</font></font>
 | style="width: 90px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">New hydro-electric plants</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">New hydro-electric plants</font></font>
 | style="width: 75px;" |
-<font size="1">Generation</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Generation</font></font>
 | style="width: 44px;" bgcolor="#ffcc00" |
-<font size="1">MW</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">MW</font></font>
 | style="width: 50px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">198</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">198</font></font>
 | style="width: 84px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">St Paul River</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">St Paul River</font></font>
 | style="width: 66px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">879</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">879</font></font>
 | style="width: 45px;" |
@@ Line 625: / Line 625: @@
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1">Funding unsecured</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Funding unsecured</font></font>
 |- valign="top"
 | style="width: 80px; height: 31px;" bgcolor="#ccffcc" |
-<font size="1">Energising Development (EnDev)</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Energising Development (EnDev)</font></font>
 | style="width: 90px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">development of a market for pico PV products; support to installation of a pilot minigrid;</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">development of a market for pico PV products; support to installation of a pilot minigrid;</font></font>
 | style="width: 75px;" |
-<font size="1">Rural Electrification</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Rural Electrification</font></font>
 | style="width: 44px;" bgcolor="#ffcc00" |
-<font size="1">Population and Social Institutions</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Population and Social Institutions</font></font>
 | style="width: 50px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">5,500 (people)</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">5,500 (people)</font></font>
 | style="width: 84px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Monrovia, Foya, Lofa</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">Monrovia, Foya, Lofa</font></font>
 | style="width: 66px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">0,586</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">0,586</font></font>
 | style="width: 45px;" |
-<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">BMZ, DGIS, NORAD, DFID, AUSAID</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;">BMZ, DGIS, NORAD, DFID, AUSAID</font></font>
 | style="width: 125px;" |
-<font size="1">Pilot Phase</font>
+<font size="1" style="font-size: 8pt;"><font size="1">Pilot Phase</font></font>
 |}

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Liberia Energy Situation

Revision as of 08:48, 15 June 2013

Contents

General Situation

Energy Situation

Energy Supply

Electricity

Biomass

Energy Consumption

Electricity

Biomass

Energy Policy, Energy Strategy

Institutional Set up

Internationally Funded Projects and Programmes

Main Energy Programmes / Activities in the Past

New Energy Programmes

Activities of Donors

References