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| − | = Background = | + | = Overview - Background<br/> = |
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| − | Because of its geography, the lacking development in economy, health services, infrastructure, etc., the prevailing severe poverty (esp. in rural areas) and because of the great dependence of the population on natural resources for their livelihoods,[[Cambodia_Energy_Situation|Cambodia]] is highly vulnerable when it comes to climate change (9th rank World Risk Index 2011 Vulnerability ranking catastrophes and natural disasters, 6th rank Maplecroft Climate Change Vulnerability Index 2012<ref>http://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-vulnerability-2011-10</ref>). Vulnerability is not as immediate though as it is in [[Bangladesh_Energy_Situation|Bangladesh]], for instance, which is why climate change has only recently been brought on the agenda, mainly by donors. Cambodia is interested in additional funding. Focus on adaptation in infrastructure, food security, health and water management. | + | Because of its geography, the lacking development in economy, health services, infrastructure, etc., the prevailing severe poverty (esp. in rural areas) and because of the great dependence of the population on natural resources for their livelihoods,[[Cambodia Energy Situation|Cambodia]] is highly vulnerable when it comes to climate change (9th rank World Risk Index 2011 Vulnerability ranking catastrophes and natural disasters, 6th rank Maplecroft Climate Change Vulnerability Index 2012<ref>http://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-vulnerability-2011-10</ref>). Vulnerability is not as immediate though as it is in [[Bangladesh Energy Situation|Bangladesh]], for instance, which is why climate change has only recently been brought on the agenda, mainly by donors. Cambodia is interested in additional funding. Focus on adaptation in infrastructure, food security, health and water management.<br/> |
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| − | '''Vulernabilities (e.g.) - [http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/climate_change_and_its_impacts_on_the_lao_and_cambodian_people_vientiane_times.pdf examples]<ref>http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/climate_change_and_its_impacts_on_the_lao_and_cambodian_people_vientiane_times.pdf</ref>'''
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| − | • Higher precipitation rainy season – flooding, lower precipitation dry season – drought.<br/>• Increasing food insecurity and water stress (rice cultivation and fisheries)<br/>• Faster degradation of forest resources, loss of wet-forest ecosystems<br/>• High economic infrastructure costs<br/>• Increasing stress on population (esp. Women and children) due to disasters<br/>• Flooding and increasing salinization of coastal areas<ref>http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/economics/281753/chartingthe-future</ref>
| + | <u>'''Vulernabilities (e.g.) - [http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/climate_change_and_its_impacts_on_the_lao_and_cambodian_people_vientiane_times.pdf examples]<ref name="http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/climate_change_and_its_impacts_on_the_lao_and_cambodian_people_vientiane_times.pdf">http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/climate_change_and_its_impacts_on_the_lao_and_cambodian_people_vientiane_times.pdf</ref>'''</u><br/> |
| | + | *Higher precipitation rainy season – flooding, lower precipitation dry season – drought.<br/> |
| | + | *Increasing food insecurity and water stress (rice cultivation and fisheries)<br/> |
| | + | *Faster degradation of forest resources, loss of wet-forest ecosystems<br/> |
| | + | *High economic infrastructure costs<br/> |
| | + | *Increasing stress on population (esp. Women and children) due to disasters<br/> |
| | + | *Flooding and increasing salinization of coastal areas<ref>http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/economics/281753/chartingthe-future</ref><br/> |
| | + | *Increasing involuntary migration reinforced through climate change impacts<br/> |
| | + | *Increased prevalence of diseases (malaria, dengue, etc.)<br/> |
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| − | • Increasing involuntary migration reinforced through climate change impacts<br/>• Increased prevalence of diseases (malaria, dengue, etc.)
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| − | '''Challenges (e.g.)''' | + | <u>'''Challenges (e.g.)'''</u><br/> |
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| | • Limited information on local impacts<br/>• Low awareness in government and administration<br/>• Limited institutional, personnel and technical capacities<br/>• Weak cross-sector and cross-regional coordination<br/>• Lacking suitable technologies and data<br/>• Lacking reliable disaster control and forecast mechanisms<br/>• Lacking budgetary funds | | • Limited information on local impacts<br/>• Low awareness in government and administration<br/>• Limited institutional, personnel and technical capacities<br/>• Weak cross-sector and cross-regional coordination<br/>• Lacking suitable technologies and data<br/>• Lacking reliable disaster control and forecast mechanisms<br/>• Lacking budgetary funds |
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| | *'''Ministry of Environment (MoE) '''– responsible for climate issues, rather weak. | | *'''Ministry of Environment (MoE) '''– responsible for climate issues, rather weak. |
| | *'''National Climate Change Committee (NCCC)''' – inter-ministerial, cross-sector body responsible for policies, strategies, plans, legal framework and instruments of climate change ((under-)secretaries of state from 19 ministries), meets twice/year or if needed), (advising Climate Change Technical Team – CCTT 16 members from 13 NCCC ministries recently established). Prime Minister Honorary President since 2009 | | *'''National Climate Change Committee (NCCC)''' – inter-ministerial, cross-sector body responsible for policies, strategies, plans, legal framework and instruments of climate change ((under-)secretaries of state from 19 ministries), meets twice/year or if needed), (advising Climate Change Technical Team – CCTT 16 members from 13 NCCC ministries recently established). Prime Minister Honorary President since 2009 |
| − | *'''[http://www.camclimate.org.kh/ Climate Change Department (CCD)] '''(in MoE) – Secretariat of NCCC, implements UNFCCC and other climate policies tasks, 5 departments, Designated National Authority (DNA) of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), few employees, very limited capacities: | + | *'''[http://www.camclimate.org.kh/ Climate Change Department (CCD)] '''(in MoE) – Secretariat of NCCC, implements UNFCCC and other climate policies tasks, 5 departments, Designated National Authority (DNA) of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), few employees, very limited capacities:<br/> |
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| | *The '''Ministry of Tourism (MoT)''' which aims to preserve the scenic beauty and natural resources of Cambodia. | | *The '''Ministry of Tourism (MoT)''' which aims to preserve the scenic beauty and natural resources of Cambodia. |
| | *The '''Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC)''' which is the principle contact between the RGC and all donor countries, organisations and NGOs working within Cambodia. | | *The '''Council for the Development of Cambodia (CDC)''' which is the principle contact between the RGC and all donor countries, organisations and NGOs working within Cambodia. |
| − | *The '''Ministry of Woman Affairs (MoWA)''' – secretary of state H.E. Kim Cham Roeun responsible for climate issues; special working group, very interested in linkages between gender and climate change - [http://www.asiapacificadapt.net/adaptationforum2012/sites/default/files/Pisith_Presenation for Asia-Pacific Adaptation Forum 2012.pdf ppt on Gender and Climate Adaptation Mainstreaming in Cambodia (March 2012)] | + | *The '''Ministry of Woman Affairs (MoWA)''' – secretary of state H.E. Kim Cham Roeun responsible for climate issues; special working group, very interested in linkages between gender and climate change - [http://www.asiapacificadapt.net/adaptationforum2012/sites/default/files/Pisith_Presenation for Asia-Pacific Adaptation Forum 2012.pdf ppt on Gender and Climate Adaptation Mainstreaming in Cambodia (March 2012)] |
| − | *'''Department of Meterology''' – weather and climate information | + | *'''Department of Meterology''' – weather and climate information<br/> |
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| | = Cimate Change Policies and Strategies = | | = Cimate Change Policies and Strategies = |
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| − | Effective integration of climate policy still at the beginning. UNFCCC signed in 1995, Kyoto Protocol in 2005, [http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/khmnc1.pdf Initial National Communication]sent to UNFCCC in 2002.'''Second National Communication draft '''available for a long time, maybe available at COP-18: vulnerability mapping, impacts on key sectors, etc. climate issues still underdeveloped but can be partly found in the Rectangular Strategy – Phase II. | + | Effective integration of climate policy still at the beginning. UNFCCC signed in 1995, Kyoto Protocol in 2005, [http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/khmnc1.pdf Initial National Communication]sent to UNFCCC in 2002.'''Second National Communication draft '''available for a long time, maybe available at COP-18: vulnerability mapping, impacts on key sectors, etc. climate issues still underdeveloped but can be partly found in the Rectangular Strategy – Phase II.<br/> |
| | *'''[http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_145085.pdf National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP)]'''2009-2013 mentions climate change as a main policy area, identifies necessary activities (capacity building, mainstreaming, work on a National Strategy, establish a climate change fund , implementing and up-dating National Adaptation Programme of Action, develop CDM, climate education, improved GHG-data management, mobilizing of resources. | | *'''[http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_145085.pdf National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP)]'''2009-2013 mentions climate change as a main policy area, identifies necessary activities (capacity building, mainstreaming, work on a National Strategy, establish a climate change fund , implementing and up-dating National Adaptation Programme of Action, develop CDM, climate education, improved GHG-data management, mobilizing of resources. |
| | *'''National Programme for Sub National Democratic Development 2010-2019 (NP-SNDD), Draft National Social Protection Strategy and National Strategy on Disaster Preparedness '''– mention Mainstreaming of climate change. | | *'''National Programme for Sub National Democratic Development 2010-2019 (NP-SNDD), Draft National Social Protection Strategy and National Strategy on Disaster Preparedness '''– mention Mainstreaming of climate change. |
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| | *'''[http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/pdf/cc_report_web.pdf Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP)]''' (January 2011) alysis (by CCD, funded by UNDP, Danida, Oxfam America) – Baseline survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices of different groups (households, decision takers, etc.) on climate change for future adaptation project (e.g. awareness raising) Media consumption, suitable information channels. Basis for the: | | *'''[http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/trust/pdf/cc_report_web.pdf Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP)]''' (January 2011) alysis (by CCD, funded by UNDP, Danida, Oxfam America) – Baseline survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices of different groups (households, decision takers, etc.) on climate change for future adaptation project (e.g. awareness raising) Media consumption, suitable information channels. Basis for the: |
| | *'''National Framework for Climate Change Education and Awareness '''– is currently being prepared with support from UNDP | | *'''National Framework for Climate Change Education and Awareness '''– is currently being prepared with support from UNDP |
| − | *'''Strategy for Agriculture and Water 2006-2010 '''(initiated through NSDP) – necessity of adaptation measures for climate change in agriculture and water. Survey on local climate data for impacts assessment in both sectors. Policies in land management, water, forestry and other natural resources shall be implemented. | + | *'''Strategy for Agriculture and Water 2006-2010 '''(initiated through NSDP) – necessity of adaptation measures for climate change in agriculture and water. Survey on local climate data for impacts assessment in both sectors. Policies in land management, water, forestry and other natural resources shall be implemented.<br/> |
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| | = Actors and Donors (fall 2011) = | | = Actors and Donors (fall 2011) = |
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| | *'''[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/57/27/46517810.pdf Bangkok Call for Action]''' – Focus climate financing | | *'''[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/57/27/46517810.pdf Bangkok Call for Action]''' – Focus climate financing |
| | *'''[http://www.mrcmekong.org/ccai/Climate-change-n-adaptation-initiative.htm Mekong River Commission (MRC) Climate Change and Adaptation Initiative (CCAI)] '''– 1st Phase 2011 -2015 15 Mio USD, total project duration till 2025, understanding climate change in the lower Mekong Basin, identifying necessary adaptation measures, supporting climate dialogue amongst stakeholders, gender and climate change (Donors: AusAID, DANIDA, SIDA, Luxemburg, Finnida) | | *'''[http://www.mrcmekong.org/ccai/Climate-change-n-adaptation-initiative.htm Mekong River Commission (MRC) Climate Change and Adaptation Initiative (CCAI)] '''– 1st Phase 2011 -2015 15 Mio USD, total project duration till 2025, understanding climate change in the lower Mekong Basin, identifying necessary adaptation measures, supporting climate dialogue amongst stakeholders, gender and climate change (Donors: AusAID, DANIDA, SIDA, Luxemburg, Finnida) |
| − | *'''[http://www.adb.org/gms/ ADB Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Initiative]''' – evaluate climate change risks and vulnerabilities of the GMS, Focus on TEEB, agriculture, energy (hydro power), food security, (eco-)tourism, transport | + | *'''[http://www.adb.org/gms/ ADB Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Initiative]''' – evaluate climate change risks and vulnerabilities of the GMS, Focus on TEEB, agriculture, energy (hydro power), food security, (eco-)tourism, transport<br/> |
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| − | == NGOs and misc. == | + | <br/> |
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| | + | == NGOs and Misc.<br/> == |
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| − | *'''National Climate Change Network in Cambodia NCCN''' – Oxfam America. NGO network aiming at minimizing climate change impacts, increasing coordination and communications amongst parties involved; organised by members of Save Cambodia Wildlife (SCW), Development and Partnership in Action (DPA), Oxfam America, NGO Forum and Forum Syd Cambodia. | + | *'''National Climate Change Network in Cambodia NCCN''' – Oxfam America. NGO network aiming at minimizing climate change impacts, increasing coordination and communications amongst parties involved; organised by members of Save Cambodia Wildlife (SCW), Development and Partnership in Action (DPA), Oxfam America, NGO Forum and Forum Syd Cambodia.'''[http://www.southeastasia.forumsyd.org/content/Resurser/left/Climate_Change_and_Democracy_Day Joint Climate Change Initiative on Capacity Development of Cambodian NGOs]''' '''(JCCI) ''' 2 year initiative (2010-2012) for capacity development of local NGOs (22 NGOs involved); implemented by Forum Syd, Danish Church Aid/Christian Aid (DCA/CA), Cord, Newsletter. SIDA funded 1.28 Mio USD.<br/> |
| − | *'''[http://www.southeastasia.forumsyd.org/content/Resurser/left/Climate_Change_and_Democracy_Day Joint Climate Change Initiative on Capacity Development of Cambodian NGOs] ''''''(JCCI) ''' 2 year initiative (2010-2012) for capacity development of local NGOs (22 NGOs involved); implemented by Forum Syd, Danish Church Aid/Christian Aid (DCA/CA), Cord, Newsletter. SIDA funded 1.28 Mio USD.
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| | *'''[http://www.lwd.org.kh/ LWD]'''active in capacity building: disaster risk management, climate change adaptationon community level (mainly agriculture and water). | | *'''[http://www.lwd.org.kh/ LWD]'''active in capacity building: disaster risk management, climate change adaptationon community level (mainly agriculture and water). |
| | *'''[http://www.savethechildren.org.au/where-we-work/cambodia/cambodia-climate-change-and-disasters.html Save The Children] '''- working with the Primary Education Department and the Curriculum Development Department of the Provincial Office of Koh Kong to provide curriculum enhancement for primary school children. The aim of this work is to integrate disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into teaching material and specifically to promote communities to replant mangroves as effective ways to protect themselves from the impacts of disaster events. | | *'''[http://www.savethechildren.org.au/where-we-work/cambodia/cambodia-climate-change-and-disasters.html Save The Children] '''- working with the Primary Education Department and the Curriculum Development Department of the Provincial Office of Koh Kong to provide curriculum enhancement for primary school children. The aim of this work is to integrate disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into teaching material and specifically to promote communities to replant mangroves as effective ways to protect themselves from the impacts of disaster events. |
| | *'''REDD''' – many international NGOs (inter alia Community Forestry International (CFI), Conservation International (CI), PACT, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), World Wildlife Fund (WWF)) involved in REDD pilot projects and development of the National REDD Program. The REDD project in Oddar Meancheay also issues VER (CCB and VCS). | | *'''REDD''' – many international NGOs (inter alia Community Forestry International (CFI), Conservation International (CI), PACT, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), World Wildlife Fund (WWF)) involved in REDD pilot projects and development of the National REDD Program. The REDD project in Oddar Meancheay also issues VER (CCB and VCS). |
| | *'''Voluntary Emission Reductions (VER) Projects '''– for REDD VER see above: | | *'''Voluntary Emission Reductions (VER) Projects '''– for REDD VER see above: |
| − | #[http://www.nbp.org.kh/ National Biodigester Programme](NBP – GIZ/BMZ Funding! was recently registered, | + | #[http://www.nbp.org.kh/ National Biodigester Programme] (NBP – GIZ/BMZ Funding! was recently registered, |
| | #'''[http://www.hydrologichealth.com/ Hydrologic] '''(Ceramic Waterfilters) - has handed in all relevant documents, | | #'''[http://www.hydrologichealth.com/ Hydrologic] '''(Ceramic Waterfilters) - has handed in all relevant documents, |
| − | #'''Cambodian Fuelwood Saving Project '''by [http://www.geres-cambodia.org/ GERES](French NGO) is already issuing VER (last two both Gold Standard). | + | #'''Cambodian Fuelwood Saving Project '''by [http://www.geres-cambodia.org/ GERES] (French NGO) is already issuing VER (last two both Gold Standard). |
| | #'''[http://www.nexus-c4d.org Nexus Carbon for Development]''' which evolved from GERES‘ carbon unit, is an alliance for NGOs in the region and supports carbon project development of renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. | | #'''[http://www.nexus-c4d.org Nexus Carbon for Development]''' which evolved from GERES‘ carbon unit, is an alliance for NGOs in the region and supports carbon project development of renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. |
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| | = Further Information = | | = Further Information = |
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| − | *Smith et al (2009/2011). Climate Change Analysis for Cambodia. SEI: [http://www.weadapt.org/knowledge-base/wikiadapt/Cambodia http://www.weadapt.org/knowledge-base/wikiadapt/Cambodia] or [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/69545023/Climate-change-in-Cambodia http://www.docstoc.com/docs/69545023/Climate-change-in-Cambodia] | + | *[[Climate_Mitigation_and_Adaptation|Climate Mitigation and Adaptation]] |
| − | *For context, vulnerabilities, policies etc: [http://adaptation-fund.org/sites/default/files/AF_Revised Cambodia Project Concept_final_clean copy.pdf http://adaptation-fund.org/sites/default/files/AF_Revised Cambodia Project Concept_final_clean copy.pdf] | + | *Smith et al (2009/2011). Climate Change Analysis for Cambodia. SEI: [http://www.weadapt.org/knowledge-base/wikiadapt/Cambodia www.weadapt.org] or [http://www.docstoc.com/docs/69545023/Climate-change-in-Cambodia www.docstoc.com] |
| − | *<br/>
| + | *For context, vulnerabilities, policies etc: [http://adaptation-fund.org/sites/default/files/AF_Revised Cambodia Project Concept] |
| − | *British High Commission SEA study and interactive 4-degree map illustrates analyses of impacts on sea levels, agriculture, fisheries, rainfall patterns, cyclone activity and health [http://www.metoffice.gov.uk http://www.metoffice.gov.uk] | + | *British High Commission SEA study and interactive 4-degree map illustrates analyses of impacts on sea levels, agriculture, fisheries, rainfall patterns, cyclone activity and health [[www.metoffice.gov.uk|www.metoffice.gov.uk]] |
| | *Gender and CLimate Change | | *Gender and CLimate Change |
| − | *[[Cambodia_Energy_Situation|Cambodia Energy Situation]]<br/> | + | *[[Cambodia Energy Situation|Cambodia Energy Situation]]<br/> |
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| | = References<br/> = | | = References<br/> = |
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| − | <references /> | + | <references /><br/> |
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| − | [[Category:Cambodia]]
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| − | [[Category:Climate_Change]]
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| − | [[Category:Climate_Change_Adaptation]]
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| | [[Category:Climate_Change_Mitigation]] | | [[Category:Climate_Change_Mitigation]] |
| | + | [[Category:Climate_Change_Adaptation]] |
| | + | [[Category:Climate_Change]] |
| | + | [[Category:Cambodia]] |
Because of its geography, the lacking development in economy, health services, infrastructure, etc., the prevailing severe poverty (esp. in rural areas) and because of the great dependence of the population on natural resources for their livelihoods,Cambodia is highly vulnerable when it comes to climate change (9th rank World Risk Index 2011 Vulnerability ranking catastrophes and natural disasters, 6th rank Maplecroft Climate Change Vulnerability Index 2012[1]). Vulnerability is not as immediate though as it is in Bangladesh, for instance, which is why climate change has only recently been brought on the agenda, mainly by donors. Cambodia is interested in additional funding. Focus on adaptation in infrastructure, food security, health and water management.
At the national level, the government agencies with responsibilities related to climate change, natural resources and coastal ecosystem management and development include:
Effective integration of climate policy still at the beginning. UNFCCC signed in 1995, Kyoto Protocol in 2005, Initial National Communicationsent to UNFCCC in 2002.Second National Communication draft available for a long time, maybe available at COP-18: vulnerability mapping, impacts on key sectors, etc. climate issues still underdeveloped but can be partly found in the Rectangular Strategy – Phase II.
