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| − | <div title="page 36" class="page"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column">
| + | {{CES Country |
| − | <br/>
| + | |CES Country Name=Vietnam |
| − | | + | |CES Country Capital=Hanoi |
| − | {| align="right" style="width: 400px; font-size: 14px;" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" | + | |CES Country Region=East Asia & Pacific |
| − | |- | + | |CES Country Coordinates=21.0333° N, 105.8500° E |
| − | ! style="width: 602px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(79, 129, 189);" colspan="4" scope="col" | <font color="#ffffff"><span style="line-height: 20.39px;">'''Socialist Republic of Vietnam'''</span></font>
| + | }} |
| − | |- | + | = Introduction = |
| − | | style="width: 250px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" rowspan="1" colspan="3" | [[File:Flag of Vietnam.png|center|180px|Flag of Vietnam|alt=Flag of _____.png]]
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | [[File:Map of Vietnam.jpg|center|180px|Vietnam Location|alt=Location _______.png]]
| + | |
| − | |-
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| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Capital'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | Hanoi<br/>21°2′N 105°51′E
| + | |
| − | |- | + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Official Languages(s)'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | | + | |
| − | Vietnamese
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Government'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | Marxist–Leninist single-party state
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''President'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | Trương Tấn Sang
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Prime Minister'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | Nguyễn Tấn Dũng
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Total Area ''''''<span style="line-height: 21px;">( </span>km²<span style="line-height: 21px;">)</span>'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | 331,210
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Population'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | 90,388,000 (2012 estimate)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Rural Population'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | (year)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''GDP (Nominal)'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | $138.071 billion (2012 estimate)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''GDP Per Capita'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | $1,527
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Currency'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | đồng (VND)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Time Zone'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | (UTC+07)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Electricity Generation'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | <span data-scaytid="5" data-scayt_word="twh">TWh</span>/year (year)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Calling Code'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | +84
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Access to Electricity'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | <br/>
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Wind energy (installed capacity)'''
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| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | MW (year)
| + | |
| − | |-
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" colspan="3" | '''Solar Energy (installed capacity)'''
| + | |
| − | | style="width: 250px; background-color: rgb(219, 229, 241);" | MW (year)
| + | |
| − | |}
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | {| align="left" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" style="width: 350px;" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
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| − | |-
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| − | | __TOC__
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| − | |}
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| − | | + | |
| − | <br/>
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| − | <div style="clear: both;"></div>
| + | |
| − | = Overview = | + | |
| | | | |
| | <span lang="en-gb">Vietnam remains one of world’s fastest growing economies, having sustained an average growth rate of 6.8% over the last seven years, and currently has a per capita GDP of about £1,100. In spite of these impressive gains, the vast majority of the population continues to live in rural areas where incomes are far below the national average, and is largely dependent on small-scale farming or animal husbandry. In addition, Vietnam is highly vulnerable to adverse impacts of climate change, which may eliminate the much of the gains made in poverty reduction and economic development.</span> | | <span lang="en-gb">Vietnam remains one of world’s fastest growing economies, having sustained an average growth rate of 6.8% over the last seven years, and currently has a per capita GDP of about £1,100. In spite of these impressive gains, the vast majority of the population continues to live in rural areas where incomes are far below the national average, and is largely dependent on small-scale farming or animal husbandry. In addition, Vietnam is highly vulnerable to adverse impacts of climate change, which may eliminate the much of the gains made in poverty reduction and economic development.</span> |
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| | <span lang="en-gb"></span>In the last decade, fast industrialization and the economy’s expansion lead to its rapidly growing energy consumption. An increased dependency on fossil fuels is foreseen, and Vietnam is already a net energy importer. Vietnam targets to increase the share of renewable energy in total, commercial, primary energy from 3% in 2010 to 5% in 2020 and 11% by 2050. | | <span lang="en-gb"></span>In the last decade, fast industrialization and the economy’s expansion lead to its rapidly growing energy consumption. An increased dependency on fossil fuels is foreseen, and Vietnam is already a net energy importer. Vietnam targets to increase the share of renewable energy in total, commercial, primary energy from 3% in 2010 to 5% in 2020 and 11% by 2050. |
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| − | <br/>
| + | [[Vietname Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]] |
| | | | |
| | = Energy Situation = | | = Energy Situation = |
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| | *'''High and rising energy prices:''' Biogas is used for cooking, lighting and other activities (some of which are income generating like tofu making and/or rice wine production), thereby reducing traditional fuel use and costs. In recent years, fuel prices have increased at much higher rates than the construction cost of biogas plants. | | *'''High and rising energy prices:''' Biogas is used for cooking, lighting and other activities (some of which are income generating like tofu making and/or rice wine production), thereby reducing traditional fuel use and costs. In recent years, fuel prices have increased at much higher rates than the construction cost of biogas plants. |
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| − | <br/>
| + | [[Vietname Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]] |
| | | | |
| | = Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations = | | = Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations = |
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| | Since 2011, the Government put the Energy Efficiency Laws in force. According to the National energy strategy document (Master Plan VII), the share of RE in electricity generation was set to increase from 3.5% in 2012 to 4.5% in 2020 and 6% in 2030. In order to adapt the shortage of fuels, bio fuels are an option of the energy development strategy. The goal is to reach 5 million tons of E5, B5 whcih is equivalant to 1.0% national demand for gasoline and diesel by 2015; by 2025 the Government wants to reach 1.8 million tons of ethanol and vegetable oil, or 5% of oil and gasoline demand by 2025. | | Since 2011, the Government put the Energy Efficiency Laws in force. According to the National energy strategy document (Master Plan VII), the share of RE in electricity generation was set to increase from 3.5% in 2012 to 4.5% in 2020 and 6% in 2030. In order to adapt the shortage of fuels, bio fuels are an option of the energy development strategy. The goal is to reach 5 million tons of E5, B5 whcih is equivalant to 1.0% national demand for gasoline and diesel by 2015; by 2025 the Government wants to reach 1.8 million tons of ethanol and vegetable oil, or 5% of oil and gasoline demand by 2025. |
| | | | |
| − | = Institutional Set-up and Actors in the Energy Sector =
| + | [[Vietname Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]] |
| | | | |
| − | == Public Institutions ==
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| − | Other major activities in the country financed by BMZ or DGIS
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| − | == Non Governmental Service Providers for Rural Areas in the Field of Energy ==
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| − | Projects implementing NGOs:
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| − | Commercial service provider:
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| − | Micro-Finance Institutions:
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| | | | |
| | = Further Information = | | = Further Information = |
| − | | + | *[[Portal:Countries|Country portal on energypedia]] |
| − | *[[Biogas_Technology_in_Vietnam|Biogas Technology in Vietnam]]<br/> | + | |
| − | *[[Wind_Energy_Country_Analysis_Vietnam|Wind Energy Country Analysis Vietnam]]<br/>
| + | |
| | | | |
| | = References = | | = References = |
| | <references /></div></div></div> | | <references /></div></div></div> |
| | <br/> | | <br/> |
| | + | [[Vietname Energy Situation#toc|►Go to Top]] |
| | + | [[category:CES Country]] |
| | | | |
| − | [[Category:Country_Energy_Situation]]
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| − | [[Category:Countries]]
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| | [[Category:Vietnam]] | | [[Category:Vietnam]] |
| | + | [[Category:Countries]] |
| | + | [[Category:Country_Energy_Situation]] |
Wood is still the main source of energy for over 56% of the country, mainly rural people, over 80% of the country uses wood on a daily basis for cooking purposes. Wood collection time has increased, and wood purchase prices also continue to increase. The BUS2011-2012 survey showed that the households were spending on average around 390.000 VND (€ 14) on fuel costs, of which around 75.000 VND (€ 2,5) was for firewood, 95.000 VND (€ 3) for coal and around 100.000 (€ 3,5) for LPG.
Historically, three factors have favoured investment in biogas plants in Vietnam. Firstly, the country has a hot and humid climate, which is a precondition for the efficient functioning of a bio-digester. Secondly, it has a large animal husbandry sector, which provides ample feedstock for bio-digesters, Vietnam had the world fourth-largest population of pigs, after China, the USA and Brazil) (2010). Thirdly, most of Vietnam’s animal husbandry sector is managed by small family farms, and small biogas plants are financially more attractive and are readily affordable. Most biogas plants have a capacity below 50m3, and are almost exclusively in use by rural households and small farms involved in raising pigs.
In recent years, several developments have taken place that favour further growth of the biogas sector.
Since 2011, the Government put the Energy Efficiency Laws in force. According to the National energy strategy document (Master Plan VII), the share of RE in electricity generation was set to increase from 3.5% in 2012 to 4.5% in 2020 and 6% in 2030. In order to adapt the shortage of fuels, bio fuels are an option of the energy development strategy. The goal is to reach 5 million tons of E5, B5 whcih is equivalant to 1.0% national demand for gasoline and diesel by 2015; by 2025 the Government wants to reach 1.8 million tons of ethanol and vegetable oil, or 5% of oil and gasoline demand by 2025.
