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| − | == Overview: <br> ==
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| − | <span style="display: none;" id="1274973221030S"> </span> | + | <span style="display: none" id="1274973221030S"></span> |
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| − | === <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" | + | = Overview<br/> = |
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| − | <v:formulas>
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| − | </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Function:</span> ===
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| − | <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">[[Image:Mhp-scheme.jpg|right|560x386px|Elements of a Micro Hydro Power Scheme]]
| + | Load- or Flow- controller ensure that the power output does not exceed the power demand (e.g. 230V, 50 Hz).<br/>If flow of water in a MHP-station is constant the energy output of a turbine/generator is constant as well. Power demand is usually fluctuating over the time (e.g. day/night). If supply is higher than demand, excess energy must be diverted, dumped. Alternatively the water flow can be reduced which results in less power output. In case of more power demand than supply the controller cuts of the of demand line. Load controller are placed between generator output and the consumer line.<br/> |
| − | </span> | + | |
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| − | === ===
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| − | <span style="display: none;" id="1274973221741E"> </span>
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| − | <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Load- or Flow- controller | + | <u>Function Principles:</u><br/> |
| − | ensure that the power output does not exceed the power demand (e.g. 230V, 50
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| − | Hz). </span>
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| − | <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">If flow of water in a MHP-station is constant
| + | [[File:Mhp-scheme.jpg|thumb|center|521px|MHP Scheme|alt=Mhp-scheme.jpg]] |
| − | the energy output of a turbine/generator is constant as well. Power
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| − | demand is
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| − | usually fluctuating over the time (e.g. day/night). </span><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">If supply is higher than demand, excess energy must be diverted, dumped. altrenatively the
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| − | water flow can be reduced which results in less power output.</span><br>
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| − | <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;"> In case of more power demand than supply the controler cuts of
| + | <br/> |
| − | the of demand line.</span><br>
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| − | <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Load controller are placed
| + | = Controller Types<br/> = |
| − | between generator output and the consumer line. </span><!--EndFragment-->
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| − | <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">
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| − | <br>
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| | + | == Load Controller<br/> == |
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| | + | [[File:Controler.jpg|thumb|right|320px|Controler|alt=Controler.jpg]]<br/> |
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| | + | Electronic circuit, which keeps output power constant in Frequency- and Voltage- parameters. |
| | + | |
| | + | Fluctuating energy demand requires a mechanism which either regulates the water input into the turbine (= flow control) or by diverting excess energy from the consumer connection (= ballast load). |
| | + | |
| | + | <br/> |
| | + | |
| | + | ► [[Hydropower_-_Equipment#Load_Control_Governors|Hydropower Equipment - Load Control Governors]]<br/> |
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| | + | <br/> |
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| | + | == Ballast Load<br/> == |
| | + | |
| | + | Ballast load are usually electrical heaters in water or air. If energy demand is temporarily low the excess energy is converted into heat.<br/> |
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| | + | <br/> |
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| − | === <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Control Elements</span> === | + | == Flow Control<br/> == |
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| − | ==== <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Load controller:[[Image:Controler.jpg|right|350x141px]]</span> ====
| + | The flow control regulates the amount of water into the turbine in order to match power output and power demand.<br/> |
| | | | |
| − | <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Electronic circuit, which keeps output power constant in Frequency- and
| + | Nowadays flow control is done mostly via electronics (which steer a valve). |
| − | Voltage- parameters.</span>
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| + | [[File:Flow-control.jpg|thumb|center|547px|The principle of flow control|alt=principle flow control]]<br/> |
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| − | </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Fluctuating
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| − | energy demand requires a mechanism which either regulates the water input into
| + | |
| − | the turbine (=> flow control) or<span style=""> </span>by diverting excess energy from the consumer connection (=>ballast load). </span><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]-->
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| − | </span> | + | |
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| − | ==== <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Ballast load</span> ==== | + | = Further Information<br/> = |
| | | | |
| − | <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">usually electrical heaters in water or air. If energy
| + | *[[Portal:Hydro|Hydro Portal on energypedia]] |
| − | demand is temporarily low the excess energy is converted into heat.</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">
| + | *[[Electrical-Mechanical Equipment|Electrical-Mechanical Equipment]]<br/> |
| − | </span>
| + | *[[Hydropower - Equipment|Hydropower - Equipment]]<br/> |
| | + | *General: [[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) Manuals|Micro Hydro Power Manuals]] |
| | + | *[[:File:Good and bad of mini hydro power vol.1.pdf|Good and Bad of Mini Hydro Power]] |
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| − | ==== <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">Flow control</span> ====
| + | <br/> |
| | | | |
| − | <!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">regulates the
| + | = References<br/> = |
| − | amount of water into the turbine in order to match power output and power
| + | |
| − | demand</span><!--EndFragment-->
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | <span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">.</span> <!--EndFragment--> <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;">[[Image:Flow-control.jpg|left|650x264px|principle flow control]]</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Tahoma; color: black;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" | + | <references /><br/> |
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| | [[Category:Hydro]] | | [[Category:Hydro]] |
Load- or Flow- controller ensure that the power output does not exceed the power demand (e.g. 230V, 50 Hz).
If flow of water in a MHP-station is constant the energy output of a turbine/generator is constant as well. Power demand is usually fluctuating over the time (e.g. day/night). If supply is higher than demand, excess energy must be diverted, dumped. Alternatively the water flow can be reduced which results in less power output. In case of more power demand than supply the controller cuts of the of demand line. Load controller are placed between generator output and the consumer line.
Electronic circuit, which keeps output power constant in Frequency- and Voltage- parameters.
Fluctuating energy demand requires a mechanism which either regulates the water input into the turbine (= flow control) or by diverting excess energy from the consumer connection (= ballast load).
Ballast load are usually electrical heaters in water or air. If energy demand is temporarily low the excess energy is converted into heat.
The flow control regulates the amount of water into the turbine in order to match power output and power demand.
