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| − | == Controller: <br> ==
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| − | === <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" | + | = Overview<br/> = |
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| − | </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: tahoma">Function principles:</span><span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: tahoma">[[Image:Mhp-scheme.jpg|right|558x386px|Elements of a Micro Hydro Power Scheme]]</span> ===
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| − | Load- or Flow- controller ensure that the power output does not exceed the power demand (e.g. 230V, 50 Hz). <br>If flow of water in a MHP-station is constant the energy output of a turbine/generator is constant as well. Power demand is usually fluctuating over the time (e.g. day/night). If supply is higher than demand, excess energy must be diverted, dumped. alternatively the water flow can be reduced which results in less power output. <br>In case of more power demand than supply the controller cuts of the of demand line. <br>Load controller are placed between generator output and the consumer line.<!--EndFragment--> <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: tahoma" /> | + | Load- or Flow- controller ensure that the power output does not exceed the power demand (e.g. 230V, 50 Hz).<br/>If flow of water in a MHP-station is constant the energy output of a turbine/generator is constant as well. Power demand is usually fluctuating over the time (e.g. day/night). If supply is higher than demand, excess energy must be diverted, dumped. Alternatively the water flow can be reduced which results in less power output. In case of more power demand than supply the controller cuts of the of demand line. Load controller are placed between generator output and the consumer line.<br/> |
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| − | <br> | + | <u>Function Principles:</u><br/> |
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| − | <br> | + | [[File:Mhp-scheme.jpg|thumb|center|521px|MHP Scheme|alt=Mhp-scheme.jpg]] |
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| | + | = Controller Types<br/> = |
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| − | === <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: tahoma">Controller Types</span> === | + | == Load Controller<br/> == |
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| | + | [[File:Controler.jpg|thumb|right|320px|Controler|alt=Controler.jpg]]<br/> |
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| | + | Electronic circuit, which keeps output power constant in Frequency- and Voltage- parameters. |
| | + | |
| | + | Fluctuating energy demand requires a mechanism which either regulates the water input into the turbine (= flow control) or by diverting excess energy from the consumer connection (= ballast load). |
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| | + | <br/> |
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| | + | ► [[Hydropower_-_Equipment#Load_Control_Governors|Hydropower Equipment - Load Control Governors]]<br/> |
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| | + | <br/> |
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| | + | == Ballast Load<br/> == |
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| | + | Ballast load are usually electrical heaters in water or air. If energy demand is temporarily low the excess energy is converted into heat.<br/> |
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| − | ==== Load controller: ====
| + | <br/> |
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| − | [[Image:Controler.jpg|right|349x141px|Controler.jpg]]
| + | == Flow Control<br/> == |
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| − | Electronic circuit, which keeps output power constant in Frequency- and Voltage- parameters.
| + | The flow control regulates the amount of water into the turbine in order to match power output and power demand.<br/> |
| | | | |
| − | Fluctuating energy demand requires a mechanism which either regulates the water input into the turbine (= flow control) or by diverting excess energy from the consumer connection (= ballast load).
| + | Nowadays flow control is done mostly via electronics (which steer a valve). |
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| − | ==== Ballast load ==== | + | [[File:Flow-control.jpg|thumb|center|547px|The principle of flow control|alt=principle flow control]]<br/> |
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| − | usually electrical heaters in water or air. If energy demand is temporarily low the excess energy is converted into heat.
| + | = Further Information<br/> = |
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| − | ==== Flow control ====
| + | *[[Portal:Hydro|Hydro Portal on energypedia]] |
| | + | *[[Electrical-Mechanical Equipment|Electrical-Mechanical Equipment]]<br/> |
| | + | *[[Hydropower - Equipment|Hydropower - Equipment]]<br/> |
| | + | *General: [[Micro Hydro Power (MHP) Manuals|Micro Hydro Power Manuals]] |
| | + | *[[:File:Good and bad of mini hydro power vol.1.pdf|Good and Bad of Mini Hydro Power]] |
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| − | regulates the amount of water into the turbine in order to match power output and power demand.
| + | <br/> |
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| − | Nowadays flow control is done mostly via electronics (which steer a valve)
| + | = References<br/> = |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:Flow-control.jpg|left|650x264px|principle flow control]]
| + | <references /><br/> |
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| | [[Category:Hydro]] | | [[Category:Hydro]] |
Load- or Flow- controller ensure that the power output does not exceed the power demand (e.g. 230V, 50 Hz).
If flow of water in a MHP-station is constant the energy output of a turbine/generator is constant as well. Power demand is usually fluctuating over the time (e.g. day/night). If supply is higher than demand, excess energy must be diverted, dumped. Alternatively the water flow can be reduced which results in less power output. In case of more power demand than supply the controller cuts of the of demand line. Load controller are placed between generator output and the consumer line.
Electronic circuit, which keeps output power constant in Frequency- and Voltage- parameters.
Fluctuating energy demand requires a mechanism which either regulates the water input into the turbine (= flow control) or by diverting excess energy from the consumer connection (= ballast load).
Ballast load are usually electrical heaters in water or air. If energy demand is temporarily low the excess energy is converted into heat.
The flow control regulates the amount of water into the turbine in order to match power output and power demand.
