|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | <!--[if gte mso 10]> | + | == <!--[if gte mso 10]> |
| | <style> | | <style> |
| | /* Style Definitions */ | | /* Style Definitions */ |
| Line 8: |
Line 8: |
| | mso-fareast-"Times New Roman";} | | mso-fareast-"Times New Roman";} |
| | </style> | | </style> |
| − | <![endif]-->'''Intake''' | + | <![endif]-->'''Intake''' == |
| | | | |
| | <span>The water intake must be located upstream so it will | | <span>The water intake must be located upstream so it will |
| Line 62: |
Line 62: |
| | ''' ''' | | ''' ''' |
| | | | |
| − | '''Forebay tank''' | + | == '''Forebay tank''' == |
| | | | |
| | <span>Forebay | | <span>Forebay |
| Line 119: |
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| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| − | '''Shut-off Valve''' | + | == '''Shut-off Valve''' == |
| | | | |
| | ''' ''' | | ''' ''' |
| Line 132: |
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| | <br> | | <br> |
| | | | |
| − | <!--[if gte mso 10]> | + | == <!--[if gte mso 10]> |
| | <style> | | <style> |
| − | /* Style Definitions */
| + | /* Style Definitions */ |
| − | table.MsoNormalTable
| + | table.MsoNormalTable |
| − | {mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle";
| + | {mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle"; |
| − | mso-style-parent:"";
| + | mso-style-parent:""; |
| − | font-size:10.0pt;"Times New Roman","serif";
| + | font-size:10.0pt;"Times New Roman","serif"; |
| − | mso-fareast-"Times New Roman";}
| + | mso-fareast-"Times New Roman";} |
| | </style> | | </style> |
| − | <![endif]--> '''Power House''' | + | <![endif]--> '''Power House''' == |
| | | | |
| | <span> | | <span> |
| Line 153: |
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| | <u></u> | | <u></u> |
| | | | |
| − | <u></u>'''Tail Race (water outlet''' | + | == <u></u>'''Tail Race (water outlet''' == |
| | | | |
| | <u><span> | | <u><span> |
| | </span></u> | | </span></u> |
| | | | |
| − | <u></u><span>A necessary and sometimes forgotten component in
| + | <span>A necessary and sometimes forgotten component in |
| | design is the tail race. Water must have a convenient and non-restricted path | | design is the tail race. Water must have a convenient and non-restricted path |
| | back to the stream or pond. In cold climates, these returns must be designed to | | back to the stream or pond. In cold climates, these returns must be designed to |
| | prevent freezing in the winter. The tail race must also be designed to prevent | | prevent freezing in the winter. The tail race must also be designed to prevent |
| − | erosion, since a large continuous volume of water may pass through them.</span> </meta></meta></meta></meta> | + | erosion, since a large continuous volume of water may pass through them.</span> <br> |
| | + | |
| | + | <br> |
| | + | |
| | + | <br> |
| | + | |
| | + | == Poles - Protection/durability == |
| | + | |
| | + | <span>Das früher benutzte |
| | + | "Boucheriesystem" hat sich in den Tropen nicht bewährt, da es nicht |
| | + | gegen Termiten wirksam war. (haben wir seinerzeit [70ger Jahre] in Burundi |
| | + | eingesetzt)</span> |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | <span>Hersteller der Chemikalie WOLMANIT |
| | + | war/ist:</span> |
| | + | |
| | + | <span>Dr. Wollmann GmbH D- |
| | + | 7573 Sinzheim, Tel. 0 72 21/800-0</span> |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | <span>Die zum "Boucheriesystem" |
| | + | notwendigen Mastkappen werden schon lange nicht mehr industriell hergestellt.</span> |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | <span>Das einzig wirksame Mittel in den |
| | + | Tropen ist: Teeröl/Kreosote, weil es auch gegen Termiten hilft.</span> |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | <span>Man kann die Maste |
| | + | "Tauchen" ( wir haben während der Exkursion das Tauchbecken gesehen) |
| | + | - nicht sehr wirksam, da nur die Außenseite des Mastes bedeckt ist. Nach kurzer |
| | + | Zeit läuft das Mittel den Mast hinab. Zurück bleibt das nackte |
| | + | Holz. </span> |
| | + | |
| | + | <span>Einziger Vorteil: An der |
| | + | Erdübergangszone verdichtet sich der Schutz.</span> |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | <span>Den einzig wirksamen Schutz bietet |
| | + | das industrielle "Druck-/Vakuumverfahren" mit Teeröl an. </span> |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | <span>Stahlrohrmaste sind zwar langlebig aber entschieden teurer als Holzmaste, ggf. |
| | + | muss man Kompromisse machen.</span> |
| | + | |
| | + | <span /> |
| | + | |
| | + | <span>Als bester europäischen Hersteller |
| | + | von galvanisierten, achteckigen Stahlrohrmasten gilt für mich die Firma |
| | + | Petitjean, Frankreich.</span> <br> |
| | | | |
| | [[Category:Hydro]] | | [[Category:Hydro]] |
Revision as of 16:50, 30 June 2009
Intake
The water intake must be located upstream so it will
always supply the necessary and adequate amount of water to the turbine.
It must include a screen to prevent debris, fish, or rocks from entering the
turbine. A properly designed and constructed screen will be self-cleaning and
require little maintenance. A poorly designed screen will require upkeep
and will rob the system of power.
Forebay tank
Forebay
tank filters debris and prevents it from being drawn into
turbine and penstock pipe. This type of settling tank is not necessary but is
highly advisable. This serves as an area for the water from the intake to
“decelerate” and for any fine materials such as sand and gravel that passed
through the intake screen to settle and not flow into the turbine. As a general
rule, the settling tanks capacity should be about 20 times the turbines water
usage in one minute. So for example if your turbine uses 100 gallons per
minute, the tank should hold at least 2000 gallons of water. The inlet and
outlet from the settling tank should include a sluice gate/ shut-off so the
debris that settles to the bottom can be cleaned out. The outlet should also
include screens as a double check against debris from entering the turbine,
should the inlet for some reason fail to perform it’s intended task.
Pipeline (Penstock)
[[Image:|penstockfrombuilding.JPG]]
Penstock pipeline carries water from forebay tank to the power house. The pipeline delivers water to the turbine from the settling tank and must be sized properly to prevent frictional losses from robbing available power. This will be a cost/benefit trade-off since a long penstock can cost more than the turbine. Penstocks should be buried if possible to protect them and prevent freezing in cold weather climates. The penstock should include a breather pipe, ideally near the settling tank. This will prevent the disastrous event known as an implosion. Depending upon the pipe chosen, and if the intake were to suddenly be shut off – a huge vacuum would develop in the pipe. This is caused by the water’s momentum and can be of a large enough magnitude to cause the pipe to collapse.
A pressure gauge should be installed at the end of the
penstock, right in front of the turbine shut-off valve. It will be a quick way
to monitor how the system and penstock are performing. A quick reading of the
pressure shows if there is a change or a problem. Additionally, by monitoring
this gauge when closing the turbine shut-off valve water hammer problems can be detected. Water
hammer is the opposite of the implosion issue noted above. If the valve is
closed too quickly, the momentum of the water can dramatically increase water
pressure to the point of bursting the penstock. Shutting down systems water
flow should be done carefully.
Shut-off Valve
A shut-off valve is necessary, and should be directly
in front of the turbine in case an immediate shutdown of the system is
required. This valve should be of high quality and very durable. It is
recommended that to close and then open
the valve slightly on a regular basis to insure they don’t become seized in the
open position and then don’t function when most needed.
Power House
The turbine, generator, and electrical control boxes should all be "housed" in a weather proof building, where waterpower s converted to energy. The building should resist inclement weather, animals, and intruders (children & unwelcome visitors) .
Tail Race (water outlet
A necessary and sometimes forgotten component in
design is the tail race. Water must have a convenient and non-restricted path
back to the stream or pond. In cold climates, these returns must be designed to
prevent freezing in the winter. The tail race must also be designed to prevent
erosion, since a large continuous volume of water may pass through them.
Poles - Protection/durability
Das früher benutzte
"Boucheriesystem" hat sich in den Tropen nicht bewährt, da es nicht
gegen Termiten wirksam war. (haben wir seinerzeit [70ger Jahre] in Burundi
eingesetzt)
Hersteller der Chemikalie WOLMANIT
war/ist:
Dr. Wollmann GmbH D-
7573 Sinzheim, Tel. 0 72 21/800-0
Die zum "Boucheriesystem"
notwendigen Mastkappen werden schon lange nicht mehr industriell hergestellt.
Das einzig wirksame Mittel in den
Tropen ist: Teeröl/Kreosote, weil es auch gegen Termiten hilft.
Man kann die Maste
"Tauchen" ( wir haben während der Exkursion das Tauchbecken gesehen)
- nicht sehr wirksam, da nur die Außenseite des Mastes bedeckt ist. Nach kurzer
Zeit läuft das Mittel den Mast hinab. Zurück bleibt das nackte
Holz.
Einziger Vorteil: An der
Erdübergangszone verdichtet sich der Schutz.
Den einzig wirksamen Schutz bietet
das industrielle "Druck-/Vakuumverfahren" mit Teeröl an.
Stahlrohrmaste sind zwar langlebig aber entschieden teurer als Holzmaste, ggf.
muss man Kompromisse machen.
<span />
Als bester europäischen Hersteller
von galvanisierten, achteckigen Stahlrohrmasten gilt für mich die Firma
Petitjean, Frankreich.
