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| | = Overview<br/> = | | = Overview<br/> = |
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| | <br/>The table below gives a first comparison of the different types.<br/> | | <br/>The table below gives a first comparison of the different types.<br/> |
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| − | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%;" | + | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%" |
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| − | ! style="width: 126px ;" scope="col" | <p style="text-align: center">Factors</p> | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Factors</p> |
| − | ! style="width: 126px ;" scope="col" | <p style="text-align: center">Fixed dome</p> | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Fixed dome</p> |
| − | ! style="width: 126px ;" scope="col" | <p style="text-align: center">Floating drum</p> | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Floating drum</p> |
| − | ! style="width: 126px ;" scope="col" | <p style="text-align: center">Tubular design</p> | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Tubular design</p> |
| − | ! style="width: 126px ;" scope="col" | <p style="text-align: center">Plastic containers</p> | + | ! scope="col" style="width: 126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Plastic containers</p> |
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| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Gas storage</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Gas storage</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Internal Gas storage up to 20 m³ (large)</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Internal Gas storage up to 20 m³ (large)</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Internal Gas storage drum size (small)</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Internal Gas storage drum size (small)</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Internal eventually external plastic bags</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Internal eventually external plastic bags</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Internal Gas storage drum sizes (small)</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Internal Gas storage drum sizes (small)</p> |
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| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Gas pressure</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Gas pressure</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Between 60 and 120 mbar</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Between 60 and 120 mbar</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Upto 20 mbar</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Upto 20 mbar</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Low, around 2 mbar</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Low, around 2 mbar</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Low around 2mbar</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Low around 2mbar</p> |
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| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Skills of contractor</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Skills of contractor</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">High; masonry, plumbing</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">High; masonry, plumbing</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">High; masonry, plumbing, welding</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">High; masonry, plumbing, welding</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Medium; plumbing</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Medium; plumbing</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Low; plumbing</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Low; plumbing</p> |
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| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Availability of Material</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Availability of Material</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">yes</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">yes</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">yes</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">yes</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">yes</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">yes</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">yes</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">yes</p> |
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| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Durability</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Durability</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Very high >20 years</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Very high >20 years</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">High; drum is weakness</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">High; drum is weakness</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Medium; Depending on chosen liner</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Medium; Depending on chosen liner</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Medium</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Medium</p> |
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| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Agitation</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Agitation</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Self agitated by Biogas pressure</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Self agitated by Biogas pressure</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Manual steering</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Manual steering</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Not possible; plug flow type</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Not possible; plug flow type</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Evtl Manual steering</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Evtl Manual steering</p> |
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| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Sizing</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Sizing</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">6 to 124 m³ digester vol</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">6 to 124 m³ digester vol</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Up to 20 m³</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Up to 20 m³</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Combination possible</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Combination possible</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Up to 6 m³ digester vol<br/></p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Up to 6 m³ digester vol<br/></p> |
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| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Methane emission</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Methane emission</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">High</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">High</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Medium</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Medium</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Low</p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Low</p> |
| − | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center;">Medium<br/></p> | + | | style="width:126px" | <p style="text-align: center">Medium<br/></p> |
| | |} | | |} |
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| | = Balloon Plants = | | = Balloon Plants = |
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| − | A balloon plant consists of a heat-sealed plastic or rubber bag (balloon), combining digester and gas-holder. The gas is stored in the upper part of the balloon. The inlet and outlet are attached directly to the skin of the balloon. Gas pressure can be increased by placing weights on the balloon. If the gas pressure exceeds a limit that the balloon can withstand, it may damage the skin. Therefore, safety valves are required. If higher gas pressures are needed, a gas pump is required. Since the material has to be weather- and UV resistant, specially stabilized, reinforced plastic or synthetic <span data-scayt_word="caoutchouc" data-scaytid="10">caoutchouc</span> is given preference. Other materials which have been used successfully include <span data-scayt_word="RMP" data-scaytid="11">RMP</span> (red mud plastic), <span data-scayt_word="Trevira" data-scaytid="12">Trevira</span> and butyl. The useful life-span does usually not exceed 2-5 years.<br/> | + | A balloon plant consists of a heat-sealed plastic or rubber bag (balloon), combining digester and gas-holder. The gas is stored in the upper part of the balloon. The inlet and outlet are attached directly to the skin of the balloon. Gas pressure can be increased by placing weights on the balloon. If the gas pressure exceeds a limit that the balloon can withstand, it may damage the skin. Therefore, safety valves are required. If higher gas pressures are needed, a gas pump is required. Since the material has to be weather- and UV resistant, specially stabilized, reinforced plastic or synthetic <span data-scaytid="10" data-scayt_word="caoutchouc">caoutchouc</span> is given preference. Other materials which have been used successfully include <span data-scaytid="11" data-scayt_word="RMP">RMP</span> (red mud plastic), <span data-scaytid="12" data-scayt_word="Trevira">Trevira</span> and butyl. The useful life-span does usually not exceed 2-5 years.<br/> |
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| − | <br/>'''Advantages''': <br/> | + | <br/>'''Advantages''':<br/> |
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| − | *Standardized prefabrication at low cost, <br/> | + | *Standardized prefabrication at low cost,<br/> |
| − | *low construction sophistication, <br/> | + | *low construction sophistication,<br/> |
| − | *ease of transportation, <br/> | + | *ease of transportation,<br/> |
| − | *shallow installation suitable for use in areas with a high groundwater table; <br/> | + | *shallow installation suitable for use in areas with a high groundwater table;<br/> |
| − | *high temperature digesters in warm climates; <br/> | + | *high temperature digesters in warm climates;<br/> |
| − | *uncomplicated cleaning, <br/> | + | *uncomplicated cleaning,<br/> |
| − | *emptying and maintenance; <br/> | + | *emptying and maintenance;<br/> |
| | *difficult substrates like water hyacinths can be used | | *difficult substrates like water hyacinths can be used |
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| − | '''Disadvantages''': <br/> | + | '''Disadvantages''':<br/> |
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| − | *Low gas pressure may require gas pumps; <br/> | + | *Low gas pressure may require gas pumps;<br/> |
| − | *scum cannot be removed during operation; <br/> | + | *scum cannot be removed during operation;<br/> |
| | *the plastic balloon has a relatively short useful life-span and is susceptible to mechanical damage and usually not available locally. In addition, local craftsmen are rarely in a position to repair a damaged balloon. There is only little scope for the creation of local employment and, therefore, limited self-help potential. | | *the plastic balloon has a relatively short useful life-span and is susceptible to mechanical damage and usually not available locally. In addition, local craftsmen are rarely in a position to repair a damaged balloon. There is only little scope for the creation of local employment and, therefore, limited self-help potential. |
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| | '''Variations:''' A variation of the balloon plant is the channel-type digester, which is usually covered with plastic sheeting and a sunshade (fig.1-E). Balloon plants can be recommended wherever the balloon skin is not likely to be damaged and where the temperature is even and high.<br/> | | '''Variations:''' A variation of the balloon plant is the channel-type digester, which is usually covered with plastic sheeting and a sunshade (fig.1-E). Balloon plants can be recommended wherever the balloon skin is not likely to be damaged and where the temperature is even and high.<br/> |
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| | = Further Information = | | = Further Information = |
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| | *[[Portal:Biogas|Biogas portal on energypedia]] | | *[[Portal:Biogas|Biogas portal on energypedia]] |
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| | = References = | | = References = |
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| − | *GTZ: [[:File:Biogas_gate_volume_2.pdf|Biogas Digest Volume II: Biogas - Application and Product Development]] | + | *GTZ: [[:File:Biogas gate volume 2.pdf|Biogas Digest Volume II: Biogas - Application and Product Development]] |
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| | *This article is a continuation of the article, '''[[Types of Biogas Digesters and Plants|Types of Biogas Digesters and Plants]]'''. For questions regarding the article, please contact the authors of the article, '''[[Types of Biogas Digesters and Plants|Types of Biogas Digesters and Plants]].''' | | *This article is a continuation of the article, '''[[Types of Biogas Digesters and Plants|Types of Biogas Digesters and Plants]]'''. For questions regarding the article, please contact the authors of the article, '''[[Types of Biogas Digesters and Plants|Types of Biogas Digesters and Plants]].''' |
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| | <br/><references /><br/> | | <br/><references /><br/> |
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| | + | [[Category:Biogas]] |
There are different types of small scale biogas digesters. Some of the biogas digesters are summarized below:
A balloon plant consists of a heat-sealed plastic or rubber bag (balloon), combining digester and gas-holder. The gas is stored in the upper part of the balloon. The inlet and outlet are attached directly to the skin of the balloon. Gas pressure can be increased by placing weights on the balloon. If the gas pressure exceeds a limit that the balloon can withstand, it may damage the skin. Therefore, safety valves are required. If higher gas pressures are needed, a gas pump is required. Since the material has to be weather- and UV resistant, specially stabilized, reinforced plastic or synthetic caoutchouc is given preference. Other materials which have been used successfully include RMP (red mud plastic), Trevira and butyl. The useful life-span does usually not exceed 2-5 years.
Balloon biogas plants are recommended, if local repair is or can be made possible and the cost advantage is substantial.
