|
|
| (10 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | '''ask your question question here - ''''''go to third tab <Edit> -'''
| + | = Overview = |
| | | | |
| − | <br> Answer the questions here ...
| + | To ask your question here, use '''Edit''' and type your question |
| | | | |
| − | <br> | + | <u>'''The following questions are already raised:'''</u> |
| | | | |
| − | ==== What use can a hydropower installation satisfy? ====
| + | <br/> |
| | | | |
| − | *Direct drive of machinery
| + | = Questions and Answers = |
| − | *Electricity production for local use
| + | |
| − | *Electricity feed into grid for revenue<br>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | ==== How many people can be supplied by a mhp station? ==== | + | ==== What demand can a hydropower installation satisfy? ==== |
| | + | |
| | + | *Direct drive of machinery |
| | + | *Electricity production for local use |
| | + | *Electricity feed into grid for revenue |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== How many people can be supplied by a mhp station? ==== |
| | | | |
| | Available <u>share per household (hh) depends on local hydro potential and type of use</u> (lighting, TV, machinery, ...). Calculate no. of required appliances. The consumers have to be connected towards the mhp station by a transmission line. | | Available <u>share per household (hh) depends on local hydro potential and type of use</u> (lighting, TV, machinery, ...). Calculate no. of required appliances. The consumers have to be connected towards the mhp station by a transmission line. |
| | | | |
| − | Energy = power * time. Energy [Watt hours (Wh)]; Power [Watt(W)]; time [hours(h)] | + | Energy = power * time. Energy [Watt hours (Wh)]; Power [Watt(W)]; time [hours(h)] |
| | + | *Required power for <u>lighting</u> depends on no. and type of lamps used. Fluorescence lamps require so called blind power. It may affect the system if they the only consumers. |
| | + | *<u>Machinery</u> needs usually several kW (often machinery's power is given in HP (metrical Horsepower) 10 HP = 7.36 kW)<br/>A motors starting power can be 50% higher than its regularly stated power. There are technical possibilities to address these (soft start). |
| | + | *<u>Electrical heating</u> requires very high power. Within an isolated grid, electrical heating / cooking / oven is usually not practicable. Hot water can be produced centrally from the ballast load. |
| | | | |
| − | *Required power for <u>lighting</u> depends on no. and type of lamps used. Fluorescence lamps require so called blind power. It may affect the system if they the only consumers.<br>
| |
| − | *<u>Machinery</u> needs usually several kW (often machinery's power is given in HP (metrical Horsepower) 10 HP = 7.36 kW)<br>A motors starting power can be 50% higher than its regularly stated power. There are technical possibilities to address these (soft start).
| |
| − | *<u>Electrical heating</u> requires very high power. Within an isolated grid, electrical heating / cooking / oven is usually not practicable. Hot water can be produced centrally from the ballast load.
| |
| | | | |
| − | ==== What's typical Wattage of appliances? ====
| |
| | | | |
| − | *Water heater ~ 3-5 kW.
| + | ==== What's typical Wattage of appliances? ==== |
| − | *Electric cooler ~ 300 W
| + | |
| − | *Freezer ~ 0.5 - 1kW<br>
| + | |
| − | *Air condition ~ 0.7 - 1 kW<br>
| + | |
| − | *Electrical fan ~ 200 Watt.
| + | |
| − | *Radio / DVD ~ 10 W / 25 W<br>
| + | |
| − | *TV 50 -150 W (depending on type and size
| + | |
| − | *Bulb (CFL) ~ 3 - 10 W; conventional bulbs ~ 25 - 40 W each
| + | |
| − | *Standby power for VCR / DVD / Stabilizer / satellite dish receivers / TV - ranges around 5 - 15 W each
| + | |
| − | *Electric drill ~ 300 W
| + | |
| − | *Water pump ~ 1 kW
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | <br>
| + | *Water heater ~ 3-5 kW. |
| | + | *Electric cooler ~ 300 W |
| | + | *Freezer ~ 0.5 - 1kW |
| | + | *Air condition ~ 0.7 - 1 kW |
| | + | *Electrical fan ~ 200 Watt. |
| | + | *Radio / DVD ~ 10 W / 25 W |
| | + | *TV 50 -150 W (depending on type and size |
| | + | *Bulb (CFL) ~ 3 - 10 W; conventional bulbs ~ 25 - 40 W each |
| | + | *Standby power for VCR / DVD / Stabilizer / satellite dish receivers / TV - ranges around 5 - 15 W each |
| | + | *Electric drill ~ 300 W |
| | + | *Water pump ~ 1 kW |
| | | | |
| − | ==== What are typical difficulties in setting up mhp?<br> ====
| + | <br/> |
| | | | |
| − | *<u>financial coverage</u> of installation costs have to be covered upfront<br>
| + | ==== What are typical difficulties in setting up mhp?<br/> ==== |
| − | *<u>remote location</u> requires long travels for specialists<br>
| + | |
| − | *<u>mhp equipment</u> is not available everywhere for low costs
| + | |
| − | *<u>specific conditions</u> require special know how<br>
| + | |
| − | *<u>uncertain outcome</u> till a pre-feasibility study is done<br>
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | ==== Price range of mhp installations? ====
| + | *<u>financial coverage</u> of installation costs have to be covered upfront |
| | + | *<u>remote location</u> requires long travels for specialists |
| | + | *<u>mhp equipment</u> is not available everywhere for low costs |
| | + | *<u>specific conditions</u> require special know how |
| | + | *<u>uncertain outcome</u> till a pre-feasibility study is done |
| | | | |
| − | Costs depend on size of potential site. They usually range from 2000 - 5000 USD/kW
| |
| | | | |
| − | ==== Special material required? ====
| |
| | | | |
| − | *Turbine, generator, controller come from a specialist producers | + | ==== Price range of mhp installations? ==== |
| | + | |
| | + | Costs depend on size of potential site. They usually range from 2000 - 5000 USD/kW |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Special material required? ==== |
| | + | |
| | + | *Turbine, generator, controller come from a specialist producers |
| | *Pipeline and civil works can be done by companies not necessarily specialised in mhp. Whereby experience is always an advantage. | | *Pipeline and civil works can be done by companies not necessarily specialised in mhp. Whereby experience is always an advantage. |
| | | | |
| − | ==== Suitable areas for mhp: ==== | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== Suitable areas for mhp: ==== |
| | | | |
| | *Hills and all year round water flow provide good hydropower conditions | | *Hills and all year round water flow provide good hydropower conditions |
| Line 61: |
Line 74: |
| | *Irrigation canals can have good hydropower potential if there is some drop in height | | *Irrigation canals can have good hydropower potential if there is some drop in height |
| | | | |
| − | ==== Required competencies: ====
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | + | ==== Required competence: ==== |
| | + | |
| | + | *mhp feasibility (pre-) study |
| | + | *mhp planning |
| | + | *construction supervision |
| | + | *installation electromechanical equipment |
| | + | *social setup |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | ==== How Long does it take to finish a mhp installation: ==== |
| | + | |
| | + | Ideally flow measurements should be taken over several years to ensure safe data. A must is the measurement of the minimal flow during dry season. From there on a mhp plant can be installed <u>within one year</u>. Accessibility of remote location, delivery times for turbine and generator and social setup usually take longer than estimated. |
| | | | |
| − | ==== How Long does it take to finish a mhp installation: ==== | + | = <br/>Further Information = |
| | | | |
| − | Ideally flow measurements should be taken over several years to ensure safe data. A must is the measurement of the minimal flow during dry season. From there on a mhp plant can be installed <u>within one year</u>. Accessibility of remote location, delivery times for turbine and generator and social setup usually take longer than estimated.
| + | [[Portal:Hydro|-> back to hydro section]] |
| | | | |
| − | <br> | + | <br/> |
| | | | |
| − | [[Hydro|back to hydro section]]
| + | = References = |
| | | | |
| − | <br> | + | <references /> |
| | | | |
| | [[Category:Hydro]] | | [[Category:Hydro]] |
Energy = power * time. Energy [Watt hours (Wh)]; Power [Watt(W)]; time [hours(h)]
Costs depend on size of potential site. They usually range from 2000 - 5000 USD/kW
Ideally flow measurements should be taken over several years to ensure safe data. A must is the measurement of the minimal flow during dry season. From there on a mhp plant can be installed within one year. Accessibility of remote location, delivery times for turbine and generator and social setup usually take longer than estimated.
