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| − | == Introduction ==
| + | {{SPIS Banner}}{{SPIS Homepagebanner}} |
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| − | Productive End Use (PEU) of energy refers to activities that increase income or productivity in different sectors such as agriculture (e.g. irrigation, grain milling), manufacturing (e.g. carpentry, welding, and sewing), and the service sector (e.g. restaurants using electric lights, sound systems, refrigerators, mobile charging stations). <ref name="“Mini-Grid Webinar Series - Energypedia.info,” accessed July 7, 2017, https://energypedia.info/wiki/Mini-grid_Webinar_Series#3rd_Webinar:_Productive_End_Use.">“Mini-Grid Webinar Series - Energypedia.info,” accessed July 7, 2017, https://energypedia.info/wiki/Mini-grid_Webinar_Series#3rd_Webinar:_Productive_End_Use.</ref><br/>
| + | === '''<span style="color:#879637;">Introduction</span>''' === |
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| − | PicoPV systems are basically small systems with a power output of 1-10W, mainly used for lighting and running small appliances such as charging mobile phones, playing radio etc. <br/>
| + | Most water pumps utilized for irrigation purposes worldwide are powered by engines run on fossil fuels (diesel, petrol, gas) or on electricity supplied from the grid. Fossil energy sources are limited and emissions from their utilization have negative climate impacts. At the same time, the electricity supply in many developing countries is often insufficient and unreliable or wholly absent in rural areas. Moreover, prices of solar panels have reduced while the quality has improved. Today, solar pumps for irrigation have become an economical, technical and environmentally viable alternative to conventional pumping systems. <span class="mw-customtoggle-SPIS2" style="font-size:small; font-weight: bold; display:inline-block; float:right; color: blue"><span class="mw-customtoggletext">read more</span></span> |
| | + | <div id="mw-customcollapsible-SPIS2" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | + | However, major hindrance for the uptake of the technology is still a lack of information on solar pumps for irrigation and its relatively high investment costs. The knowledge on the potentials, limitations and risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) is incomplete among policy makers, producers and other stakeholders. For example, SPIS are seldom designed in a way that producer needs and site specific conditions (environmental, agronomic and technical aspects) are comprehensively addressed. Consequently, the potential of the technology is not optimized, or worse, has negative ecological and economic impacts. |
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| − | This article looks into the potential of using picoPV for PEU activities.<ref name="“Features of PicoPV Systems - Energypedia.info,” accessed July 7, 2017, https://energypedia.info/wiki/Features_of_PicoPV_Systems.">“Features of PicoPV Systems - Energypedia.info,” accessed July 7, 2017, https://energypedia.info/wiki/Features_of_PicoPV_Systems.</ref> | + | [[File:A Solar Array used to Pump Water from the Well.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A solar array used to pump water from the well (source: Lorentz Chili)]]'''This manual provides up-to-date information on the technology and methods of promotion, as well as how to finance SPIS. '''Furthermore it gives insight into how SPIS are designed, set up and maintained. It is accompanied by a set of tools, such as maintenance checklists, data collection guidelines and design calculations. It strives to help find the optimal design of a system, thereby avoiding risks related to system efficiency, financial viability and the unsustainable use of water resources. The manual and tools target stakeholders who advise or finance medium-sized agricultural enterprises. These are '''agricultural (irrigation) extension advisors''' and '''credit officers / risk managers in financing institutions'''. Furthermore the manual support the advisory function of SPIS suppliers, by providing them with a holistic set of knowledge through which they can guide their clients towards a financially and environmentally sound decision. |
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| | + | The manual follows the course of action involved when giving advice on SPIS for an agricultural enterprise. It consists of this introduction and seven further modules. The modular approach enables the user to pick out specific information relevant to his/her situation. Each module however relates to and supplements the other modules. |
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| | + | *'''[[SPIS - Get Informed|GET INFORMED]]''' specifies the components and common configurations of a SPIS. Each component is described in detail. |
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| − | == Productive Use of PicoPV ==
| + | *'''[[SPIS - Promote + Initiate|PROMOTE & INITIATE]]''' provides important information and tips for someone who wants to promote the SPIS technology in a particular area. It focuses on the analysis of opportunities and risks, the stakeholders involved, as well as promotion strategies and activities.<br/> |
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| − | PicoPV products themselves do not result in productive end use activities as they have small capacity to run appliances. However, they indirectly help to promote productive end use activities. For example:
| + | *'''[[SPIS Safeguard Water|SAFEGUARD WATER]]''' focuses on water governance issues and potential negative impacts of (ground-)water depletion through solar pumping.<br/> |
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| − | *PicoPV increases the time for income generation activities by task shifting i.e with more productive hours in the day, people can choose to do different tasks at different time. Better quality light is available for longer time at night which enable the businesses to run longer, resulting in higher income. | + | *'''[[SPIS Finance|FINANCE]]''' provides information to financial service providers financing or planning to finance SPIS. The module targets stakeholders at management level who decide on credit policies and loan officers who assess single loan applications for financing SPIS. |
| − | *By using picoPV products, people can save on kerosene and candles. Assuming that a picoPV product has a three year life cycle, a household can save up to 86% of their previous energy expenses for kerosene and mobile charging. The saved amount can then be invested in other income generating activities. The government will also save the money that they spend on kerosene subsidies and can be used for other productive activities.
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| − | *Initially picoPV products were designed to provide only lighting services but with the emergence of technology, the picoPV systems can now power small appliances such as mobile phone charging, energy efficient based LED-Television, radio etc. Services such as mobile phone charging can be an additional source of income.
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| − | *The picoPV industry have also created additional 500000 jobs only in the ECOWAS region.<ref name="UNEP/GEF, United Nations Environment Programme and Global Environment Facility, “Developing Effective Off-Grid Lighting Policy,” 2015, http://www.enlighten-initiative.org/portals/0/documents/Resources/publications/Guidance%20note%20OGL_en.lighten_English_2016-01-08.pdf.">UNEP/GEF, United Nations Environment Programme and Global Environment Facility, “Developing Effective Off-Grid Lighting Policy,” 2015, http://www.enlighten-initiative.org/portals/0/documents/Resources/publications/Guidance%20note%20OGL_en.lighten_English_2016-01-08.pdf.</ref>
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| | + | *'''[[SPIS Design|DESIGN]]''' helps to select the suitable system configuration for a specific situation. A substantial set of tools helps to assess site conditions, select and design the appropriate type of SPIS and conduct a simplified financial viability assessment and calculates the detailed financial viability of the producer. <br/> |
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| − | == Conclusion ==
| + | *'''[[SPIS Set Up|SET UP]]''' provides information and tools to enable the installation of a SPIS. It focuses on the selection of installers, acceptance and system tests as well as documentation and hand over of the system. |
| − | In general, picoPV systems are too small for productive uses but they do help to support ongoing productive use activities. Nevertheless, in future, with the emergence of new technologies, we could expect more PEU activities based on PicoPV.
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| | + | *'''[[SPIS Maintain|MAINTAIN]]''' elaborates on maintenance plans, the selection of service providers, regular routines and documentation and monitoring. |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | === '''<span style="color: rgb(135, 150, 55);">Module Structure</span>''' === |
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| − | == References == | + | <!-- Start Icons - do not change! --><div id="front-icons-main-box" class="box" style="width:63%; float:left; margin-right:10px; cellpadding:15px; overflow: hidden"> |
| − | <references/> | + | <h2> I want to ...</h2> |
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| | + | <div id="front-icon-info" class="front-icon">[[File:Test54212.png|100px|link=|Access Information System]]</div> |
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| | + | <div class="front-icon-sub">get informed kkkaldfkadklfj</div> |
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| | + | <div class="front-icon-sub"> promote+initate is ....</div> |
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| | + | <div class="front-icon-sub"> Safeguard finance is ....</div> |
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| | + | <div class="front-icon-sub"> finance is ....</div> |
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| | + | <h2> Give advice on how to ...</h2> |
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| | + | <div id="front-icon-water" class="front-icon">[[File:Test12.png|100px|link=|Access to Drinking Water Services]]</div> |
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| | + | <div id="front-icon-sanitation" class="front-icon">[[File:Test21.png|100px|link=|Access to Sanitation Services]]</div> |
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| | + | <div id="front-icon-info" class="front-icon">[[File:Test512.png|100px|link=|Access Information System]]</div> |
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| | + | <div class="front-icon-sub">Design is</div> |
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| | + | <div class="front-icon-sub"> Set up is ....</div> |
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| | + | <div class="front-icon-sub"> Maintain is ....</div> |
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| | + | === '''<span style="color:#879637;">Imprint</span>''' === |
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| | + | The Toolbox for SPIS Advisors is made possible through the global initiative Powering Agriculture: An Energy Grand Challenge for Development (PAEGC). In 2012, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Duke Energy, and the Overseas Private Investment Cooperation (OPIC) combined resources to create the PAEGC initiative. The objective of PAEGC is to support new and sustainable approaches to accelerate the development and deployment of clean energy solutions for increasing agriculture productivity and/or value for farmers and agribusinesses in developing countries and emerging regions that lack access to reliable, affordable clean energy. |
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| | + | <span class="mw-customtoggle-SPIS3" style="font-size:small; font-weight: bold; display:inline-block; float:right; color: blue"><span class="mw-customtoggletext">read more</span></span> |
| | + | <div id="mw-customcollapsible-SPIS3" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | + | '''Disclaimer''' The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH or any of the PAEGC Founding Partners concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by GIZ, or any of the PAEGC Founding Partners in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of GIZ, or any of the PAEGC Founding Partners. |
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| | + | GIZ and the PAEGC Founding Partners encourage the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of GIZ as the source and copyright holder is given. |
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| | + | <br/>'''Published by'''<br/>Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) on behalf of BMZ<br/> |
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| | + | '''Author '''<br/>GIZ Project “Sustainable Energy for Food – Powering Agriculture” |
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| | + | '''More information and contact '''<br/>[https://poweringag.org https://poweringag.org]<br/>[mailto:Powering.Agriculture@giz.de Powering.Agriculture@giz.de] |
| | + | |
| | + | SPIS Toolbox online and download<br/>'''[[Toolbox for SPIS Advisors|https://energypedia.info/wiki/Toolbox_for_SPIS_Advisors]]''' © GIZ, 2017 |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | {{SPIS Magic Words}} |
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| | [[Category:Energypedia]] | | [[Category:Energypedia]] |
Most water pumps utilized for irrigation purposes worldwide are powered by engines run on fossil fuels (diesel, petrol, gas) or on electricity supplied from the grid. Fossil energy sources are limited and emissions from their utilization have negative climate impacts. At the same time, the electricity supply in many developing countries is often insufficient and unreliable or wholly absent in rural areas. Moreover, prices of solar panels have reduced while the quality has improved. Today, solar pumps for irrigation have become an economical, technical and environmentally viable alternative to conventional pumping systems. read more
However, major hindrance for the uptake of the technology is still a lack of information on solar pumps for irrigation and its relatively high investment costs. The knowledge on the potentials, limitations and risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) is incomplete among policy makers, producers and other stakeholders. For example, SPIS are seldom designed in a way that producer needs and site specific conditions (environmental, agronomic and technical aspects) are comprehensively addressed. Consequently, the potential of the technology is not optimized, or worse, has negative ecological and economic impacts.
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A solar array used to pump water from the well (source: Lorentz Chili)
Furthermore it gives insight into how SPIS are designed, set up and maintained. It is accompanied by a set of tools, such as maintenance checklists, data collection guidelines and design calculations. It strives to help find the optimal design of a system, thereby avoiding risks related to system efficiency, financial viability and the unsustainable use of water resources. The manual and tools target stakeholders who advise or finance medium-sized agricultural enterprises. These are
agricultural (irrigation) extension advisors and
credit officers / risk managers in financing institutions. Furthermore the manual support the advisory function of SPIS suppliers, by providing them with a holistic set of knowledge through which they can guide their clients towards a financially and environmentally sound decision.
The manual follows the course of action involved when giving advice on SPIS for an agricultural enterprise. It consists of this introduction and seven further modules. The modular approach enables the user to pick out specific information relevant to his/her situation. Each module however relates to and supplements the other modules.
- GET INFORMED specifies the components and common configurations of a SPIS. Each component is described in detail.
- PROMOTE & INITIATE provides important information and tips for someone who wants to promote the SPIS technology in a particular area. It focuses on the analysis of opportunities and risks, the stakeholders involved, as well as promotion strategies and activities.
- SAFEGUARD WATER focuses on water governance issues and potential negative impacts of (ground-)water depletion through solar pumping.
- FINANCE provides information to financial service providers financing or planning to finance SPIS. The module targets stakeholders at management level who decide on credit policies and loan officers who assess single loan applications for financing SPIS.
- DESIGN helps to select the suitable system configuration for a specific situation. A substantial set of tools helps to assess site conditions, select and design the appropriate type of SPIS and conduct a simplified financial viability assessment and calculates the detailed financial viability of the producer.
- SET UP provides information and tools to enable the installation of a SPIS. It focuses on the selection of installers, acceptance and system tests as well as documentation and hand over of the system.
- MAINTAIN elaborates on maintenance plans, the selection of service providers, regular routines and documentation and monitoring.
The Toolbox for SPIS Advisors is made possible through the global initiative Powering Agriculture: An Energy Grand Challenge for Development (PAEGC). In 2012, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), Duke Energy, and the Overseas Private Investment Cooperation (OPIC) combined resources to create the PAEGC initiative. The objective of PAEGC is to support new and sustainable approaches to accelerate the development and deployment of clean energy solutions for increasing agriculture productivity and/or value for farmers and agribusinesses in developing countries and emerging regions that lack access to reliable, affordable clean energy.
Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH or any of the PAEGC Founding Partners concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by GIZ, or any of the PAEGC Founding Partners in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of GIZ, or any of the PAEGC Founding Partners.
GIZ and the PAEGC Founding Partners encourage the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of GIZ as the source and copyright holder is given.
Published by
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) on behalf of BMZ
Author
GIZ Project “Sustainable Energy for Food – Powering Agriculture”
More information and contact
https://poweringag.org
Powering.Agriculture@giz.de
SPIS Toolbox online and download
https://energypedia.info/wiki/Toolbox_for_SPIS_Advisors © GIZ, 2017
