|
|
| Line 7: |
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| | The burning of wood is a sequence of steps: | | The burning of wood is a sequence of steps: |
| | | | |
| − | *a) Moisture is evaporated
| + | #Moisture is evaporated |
| − | *b) Wood decomposes into combustible wood-gas and char
| + | #Wood decomposes into combustible wood-gas and char |
| − | *c) Char is converted into ash
| + | #Char is converted into ash |
| | | | |
| − | The main influencing agent for “a)” and “b)” is heat, whereas “c)” is regulated by the supply of oxygen. Find here more information and illustrating figures on pages 8-11 in the manual on micro-gasification ([http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/giz2011-en-micro-gasification.pdf http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/giz2011-en-micro-gasification.pdf])
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | + | The main influencing agent for “a)” and “b)” is heat, whereas “c)” is regulated by the supply of oxygen. Find here more information and illustrating figures on pages 8-11 in the "[http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/giz2011-en-micro-gasification.pdf manual on micro-gasification" ]. |
| | | | |
| − | [[File:GIZ-Feldmann-Malawi-3-stone-fire.jpg|360x270px|GIZ-Feldmann-Malawi-3-stone-fire.jpg]]
| |
| | | | |
| − | Picture: Malawi-3-stone-fire (GIZ-Feldmann)
| |
| | | | |
| | + | [[File:GIZ-Feldmann-Malawi-3-stone-fire.jpg|frame|none|360x270px|Malawi 3-stone-fire]] |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | Firewood can be used for cooking even in the absence of a “stove”. Even today, campfires are a popular leisure activity in developed countries. However, they are not favoured for daily cooking. Some disadvantages of the open fire are: | + | |
| | + | Firewood can be used for cooking even in the absence of a “stove”. Even today, campfires are a popular leisure activity in developed countries. |
| | + | |
| | + | <u>However, they are not favoured for daily cooking. Some disadvantages of the open fire are:</u> |
| | | | |
| | *Smoke (unburned fuel particles in the air):<br/>The combustion in an open fire tends to be incomplete as oxygen might not reach where it is needed. Low temperatures also contribute to the emission of unburned particles. | | *Smoke (unburned fuel particles in the air):<br/>The combustion in an open fire tends to be incomplete as oxygen might not reach where it is needed. Low temperatures also contribute to the emission of unburned particles. |
| Line 28: |
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| | *High fuel consumption:<br/>The open fire consumes a lot of fuel as (a) not much heat is generated per unit of fuel, (b) only a small proportion of the heat is actually directed to the pot and (c) only a small fraction of the heat that is directed to the pot is actually transferred into the food. | | *High fuel consumption:<br/>The open fire consumes a lot of fuel as (a) not much heat is generated per unit of fuel, (b) only a small proportion of the heat is actually directed to the pot and (c) only a small fraction of the heat that is directed to the pot is actually transferred into the food. |
| | | | |
| | + | <u><br/></u> |
| | | | |
| − | | + | <u>On the other hand, some of these inefficiencies are also welcomed due to their positive side effects:</u> |
| − | On the other hand, some of these inefficiencies are also welcomed due to their positive side effects: | + | |
| | | | |
| | *Open fires burn slow and do not require frequent attention. This is welcome if other household chores have to be done at the same time. | | *Open fires burn slow and do not require frequent attention. This is welcome if other household chores have to be done at the same time. |
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| | *Open fires emit heat, which is welcome in cold areas. | | *Open fires emit heat, which is welcome in cold areas. |
| | | | |
| | + | <u><br/></u> |
| | | | |
| − | | + | <u>These observations on the open fire can be summarized as follows:</u> |
| − | These observations on the open fire can be summarized as follows: | + | |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! scope="col" | Parameter | + | ! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | Parameter<br/> |
| − | ! scope="col" | Advantages | + | ! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | Advantages |
| − | ! scope="col" | Disadvantages | + | ! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | Disadvantages |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | Small proportion of heat is directed to the pot;<br/>Small proportion of heat is transfered into the food | | | Small proportion of heat is directed to the pot;<br/>Small proportion of heat is transfered into the food |
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| | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! scope="col" | Common changes of parameters in improved cook stoves | + | ! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | Common changes of parameters in improved cook stoves<br/> |
| − | ! scope="col" | Common expectation towards an improved stove<br/> | + | ! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | Common expectation towards an improved stove<br/> |
| − | ! scope="col" | "Disadvantages” for associated benefits of open fires<br/> | + | ! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | "Disadvantages” for associated benefits of open fires<br/> |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | Improve efficiency of heat production | | | Improve efficiency of heat production |
| Line 113: |
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| | Households have to prioritize their needs in order to come up with the decision if an improved cook stove is suitable for them. In areas with fuel scarcity, the need for reduced fuel consumption might be ranked higher than the need for space heating or lighting after dark. | | Households have to prioritize their needs in order to come up with the decision if an improved cook stove is suitable for them. In areas with fuel scarcity, the need for reduced fuel consumption might be ranked higher than the need for space heating or lighting after dark. |
| | | | |
| − | Another strategy can be to provide additional solutions to complement the introduction of the improved cook stoves: | + | <u>Another strategy can be to provide additional solutions to complement the introduction of the improved cook stoves:</u> |
| | | | |
| − | *an extra space heater for the cold season; | + | *an extra space heater for the cold season |
| − | *a mosquito-repellent net, | + | *a mosquito-repellent net |
| − | *a solar lantern for lighting. | + | *a solar lantern for lighting |
| | | | |
| − | Stoves for firewood have been developed for over 3000 years. Overviews on types and models have been developed from various entities. Below is just a selection of these:
| |
| | | | |
| − | *UNESCO(1982): Consolidation of information. Cooking stoves Handbook [http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0005/000530/053052eb.pdf http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0005/000530/053052eb.pdf] | + | |
| | + | Stoves for firewood have been developed for over 3000 years. Overviews on types and models have been developed from various entities. <u>Below is just a selection of these:</u> |
| | + | |
| | + | *[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0005/000530/053052eb.pdf UNESCO(1982): Consolidation of information. Cooking stoves Handbook] |
| | *GIZ (1995) by Westhoff/German 'Stove Images - a Documentation of Improved and Traditional Stoves in Africa, Asia and Latin America'. Also in French and Spanish on[http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/energie/32777.htm http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/energie/32777.htm] and [http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/energie/32777.htm http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/energie/32777.htm]] | | *GIZ (1995) by Westhoff/German 'Stove Images - a Documentation of Improved and Traditional Stoves in Africa, Asia and Latin America'. Also in French and Spanish on[http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/energie/32777.htm http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/energie/32777.htm] and [http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/energie/32777.htm http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/umwelt-infrastruktur/energie/32777.htm]] |
| | | | |
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| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | Design principles, which can be used more generally include: | + | <u>Design principles, which can be used more generally include:</u> |
| | | | |
| | *Insulation around the fire and along the entire heat flow path using lightweight, heat resistant materials | | *Insulation around the fire and along the entire heat flow path using lightweight, heat resistant materials |
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| | *Use of a grate or a shelf under the firewood | | *Use of a grate or a shelf under the firewood |
| | *Heat transfer maximised by the insertion of the pot into the stove body or using a skirt around the pot. | | *Heat transfer maximised by the insertion of the pot into the stove body or using a skirt around the pot. |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" |
| Line 172: |
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| | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! scope="col" | Aspect | + | ! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | Aspect<br/> |
| − | ! scope="col" | How to achieve | + | ! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | How to achieve |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | Increasing the temperature in the combustion chamber (as the burning process is temperature controlled) | | | Increasing the temperature in the combustion chamber (as the burning process is temperature controlled) |
| Line 214: |
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| | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! scope="col" | Aspect | + | ! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | Aspect<br/> |
| − | ! scope="col" | How to Achieve | + | ! style="text-align: left" scope="col" | How to Achieve |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | Raise the pot to the highest point of the flames | | | Raise the pot to the highest point of the flames |
| Line 236: |
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| | = Application of the Principles<br/> = | | = Application of the Principles<br/> = |
| | | | |
| − | == Clay stove versus a 3-Stone Fire<br/> == | + | == Clay Stove versus a 3-Stone Fire<br/> == |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" |
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| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | Quite a number of improved firewood stoves which – like this simple clay stove – adhere to many of the principles mentioned above and deliver some improvements compared to the 3-stone fire. They are an entry point for households into the use of improved cook stoves as they are more affordable than the sophisticated rocket stoves. Examples are: (see [[Cooking with firewood#Portable_stoves|below]] for Factsheets) | + | Quite a number of improved firewood stoves which – like this simple clay stove – adhere to many of the principles mentioned above and deliver some improvements compared to the 3-stone fire. They are an entry point for households into the use of improved cook stoves as they are more affordable than the sophisticated rocket stoves. <u>Examples are:</u> (see [[Cooking with firewood#Portable_stoves|below]] for Factsheets) |
| | | | |
| | *Chitetezo Mbaula (Malawi) | | *Chitetezo Mbaula (Malawi) |
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| | *VITA (Mauretanien) | | *VITA (Mauretanien) |
| | | | |
| − | == Institutional Stove compared to an Open Fire<br/> == | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | == Institutional Stove Compared to an Open Fire<br/> == |
| | | | |
| | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" |
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| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| − | <br/>The considerable savings have made institutional rocket stoves very popular among school feeding programmes in Malawi (see also Ashden Award video 2006, [http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/aprovecho http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/aprovecho http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/aprovecho ttp://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/aprovecho]) | + | <br/>The considerable savings have made institutional rocket stoves very popular among school feeding programmes in Malawi (see also [http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/aprovecho_http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/aprovecho_ttp://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/aprovecho Ashden Award video 2006]) |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Line 289: |
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| | | School feeding programme Mary`s Meals Blantyre, Malawi<br/> | | | School feeding programme Mary`s Meals Blantyre, Malawi<br/> |
| | |} | | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | | | |
| | == Fixed Stoves<br/> == | | == Fixed Stoves<br/> == |
| | | | |
| − | Today most of the GIZ-promoted high-efficiency wood stoves follow this rocket stove principle (see fact sheets for examples): | + | <u>Today most of the GIZ-promoted high-efficiency wood stoves follow this rocket stove principle (see fact sheets for examples):</u> |
| | | | |
| | {| style="width: 100%" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" | | {| style="width: 100%" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" |
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| | |- | | |- |
| | | colspan="4" | | | | colspan="4" | |
| − | '''Inkawasi Stoves''' in Peru (various models adapated for different regions and materials): | + | <u>'''Inkawasi Stoves''' in Peru (various models adapated for different regions and materials):</u> |
| | | | |
| | *Inkawasi UK for firewood and dung | | *Inkawasi UK for firewood and dung |
| Line 379: |
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| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| − | == Portable Stoves<br> ==
| + | <u></u> |
| | | | |
| − | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%" border="1" | + | == Portable Stoves<br/> == |
| | + | |
| | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" width="100%" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="2" | '''Tikikil''', Ethiopia 2012<br>[[Image:GIZ HERA 2012 Tikikil Stove ET.pdf]] | + | | colspan="2" | '''Tikikil''', Ethiopia 2012<br/>[[File:GIZ HERA 2012 Tikikil Stove ET.pdf|RTENOTITLE]] |
| | | | | | |
| − | Construction Manual (Englisch) | + | Construction Manual (Englisch) |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:GIZ Manual for Production of Tikikil Final Englisch.pdf]] | + | [[File:GIZ Manual for Production of Tikikil Final Englisch.pdf|RTENOTITLE]] |
| | | | |
| − | | Construction Manual (Amharic) | + | | Construction Manual (Amharic) |
| − | [[Image:GIZ Manual for Production of Tikiki Amharic.pdf|122x158px|GIZ Manual for Production of Tikiki Amharic.pdf]] | + | [[File:GIZ Manual for Production of Tikiki Amharic.pdf|122x158px|GIZ Manual for Production of Tikiki Amharic.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| | | | | | |
| − | User guideline (Englisch) | + | User guideline (Englisch) |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:GIZ Tikikil stove user guide en.pdf|97x126px|GIZ Tikikil stove user guide en.pdf]] | + | [[File:GIZ Tikikil stove user guide en.pdf|97x126px|GIZ Tikikil stove user guide en.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| | | | | | |
| − | User guideline (Amharic) | + | User guideline (Amharic) |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:GIZ Tikikil stove user guide- Amharic.pdf]] | + | [[File:GIZ Tikikil stove user guide- Amharic.pdf|RTENOTITLE]] |
| | | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="2" | '''Mirt Stove''', Ethiopia (2012)<br>[[Image:GIZ HERA 2012 Mirt stove.pdf]] | + | | colspan="2" | '''Mirt Stove''', Ethiopia (2012)<br/>[[File:GIZ HERA 2012 Mirt stove.pdf|RTENOTITLE]] |
| | | | | | |
| − | Production Manual | + | Production Manual |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:Giz Trainning Manual Mirt stove 081211.pdf|106x137px|Giz Trainning Manual Mirt stove 081211.pdf]] | + | [[File:Giz Trainning Manual Mirt stove 081211.pdf|106x137px|Giz Trainning Manual Mirt stove 081211.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| | | colspan="3" | | | | colspan="3" | |
| − | User guideline | + | User guideline |
| | | | |
| − | https://energypedia.info/index.php/File:GIZ_Mirt-User_Manual-Page1.jpg | + | [https://energypedia.info/index.php/File:GIZ_Mirt-User_Manual-Page1.jpg https://energypedia.info/index.php/File:GIZ_Mirt-User_Manual-Page1.jpg] |
| | | | |
| − | https://energypedia.info/index.php/File:GIZ_Mirt-User_Manual_-_Page_2.jpg | + | [https://energypedia.info/index.php/File:GIZ_Mirt-User_Manual_-_Page_2.jpg https://energypedia.info/index.php/File:GIZ_Mirt-User_Manual_-_Page_2.jpg] |
| | | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="2" | '''Institutional Rocket Stove (IRS), '''Ethiopia (2012)<br> | + | | colspan="2" | '''Institutional Rocket Stove (IRS), '''Ethiopia (2012)<br/> |
| − | [[Image:GIZ HERA 2012 IRS ET.pdf|116x164px|GIZ HERA 2012 IRS ET.pdf]] | + | [[File:GIZ HERA 2012 IRS ET.pdf|116x164px|GIZ HERA 2012 IRS ET.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| − | | Production manual | + | | Production manual |
| − | [[Image:Giz CIRS Manual eng.pdf|121x157px|Giz CIRS Manual eng.pdf]] | + | [[File:Giz CIRS Manual eng.pdf|121x157px|Giz CIRS Manual eng.pdf]] |
| | | | |
| | | colspan="3" | | | | colspan="3" | |
| − | User guideline | + | User guideline |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:IRS user guide english.pdf]] | + | [[File:IRS user guide english.pdf|RTENOTITLE]] |
| | | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" | '''Jambar Stove Firewood''', Benin, Kenya, Senegal (2011)<br> | + | | colspan="6" | '''Jambar Stove Firewood''', Benin, Kenya, Senegal (2011)<br/> |
| − | [[Image:GIZ HERA 2011 Jambar Bois Senegal.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] | + | [[File:GIZ HERA 2011 Jambar Bois Senegal.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] |
| | | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | colspan="6" | | | | colspan="6" | |
| − | '''Tulipe-Céramique''', Benin, Burkina Faso (2011) | + | '''Tulipe-Céramique''', Benin, Burkina Faso (2011) |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:GIZ HERA 2011 Tulipe-C ramique Benin-Burkina Faso.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] | + | [[File:GIZ HERA 2011 Tulipe-C ramique Benin-Burkina Faso.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] |
| | | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | colspan="6" | | | | colspan="6" | |
| − | '''Burkina Mixte''', Burkina Faso (2011) | + | '''Burkina Mixte''', Burkina Faso (2011) |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:GIZ HERA 2011 Burkina Mixte Burkina Faso.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] | + | [[File:GIZ HERA 2011 Burkina Mixte Burkina Faso.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] |
| | | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | colspan="6" | | | | colspan="6" | |
| − | '''Ouaga Métallique''', Burkina Faso (2011) | + | '''Ouaga Métallique''', Burkina Faso (2011) |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:GIZ HERA 2011 Ouaga M tallique Burkina Faso.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] | + | [[File:GIZ HERA 2011 Ouaga M tallique Burkina Faso.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] |
| | | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | colspan="6" | | | | colspan="6" | |
| − | '''Multimarmite Stove''', Burkina Faso (2011) | + | '''Multimarmite Stove''', Burkina Faso (2011) |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:GIZ HERA 2011 Multimarmite Burkina Faso.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] | + | [[File:GIZ HERA 2011 Multimarmite Burkina Faso.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] |
| | | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | colspan="6" | | | | colspan="6" | |
| − | '''Sakkanal''', Senegal (2011) | + | '''Sakkanal''', Senegal (2011) |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:GIZ HERA 2011 Sakkanal Senegal.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] | + | [[File:GIZ HERA 2011 Sakkanal Senegal.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] |
| | | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | colspan="6" | '''Chitetezo Mbaula,''' Malawi (2008)<br> | + | | colspan="6" | '''Chitetezo Mbaula,''' Malawi (2008)<br/> |
| − | [[Image:GTZ Malawi-Stove Fact Sheet Portable Clay 2008.pdf|Chitetezo Mbaula (Malawi)]] | + | [[File:GTZ Malawi-Stove Fact Sheet Portable Clay 2008.pdf|Chitetezo Mbaula (Malawi)]] |
| | | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | colspan="6" | | | | colspan="6" | |
| − | '''Institutional Metal Rocket Stove''', Malawi (2008) | + | '''Institutional Metal Rocket Stove''', Malawi (2008) |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:Final-inst metal rocket stove malawi-2008.pdf]] | + | [[File:Final-inst metal rocket stove malawi-2008.pdf|RTENOTITLE]] |
| | | | |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | colspan="6" | | | | colspan="6" | |
| − | '''Inkawasi portatil''', Peru (2011) | + | '''Inkawasi portatil''', Peru (2011) |
| | | | |
| − | [[Image:GIZ HERA 2011 Inkawasi-UK Peru.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] | + | [[File:GIZ HERA 2011 Inkawasi-UK Peru.pdf|border|left|Add caption here]] |
| | | | |
| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| − | | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | Efficient, smoke-free cooking with the Rocket Stove: |
| | | | |
| − | Efficient, smoke-free cooking with the Rocket Stove:
| + | <span style="color: rgb(255,0,0)"> </span>[[File:En-Poster Rocket Stove-2007.pdf|RTENOTITLE]] |
| | | | |
| − | <span style="color: rgb(255,0,0)"> </span>[[Image:En-Poster Rocket Stove-2007.pdf]]
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | = Additional Information Resources<br/> = | + | = Further Information<br/> = |
| | | | |
| | ==== Aprovecho Research Center<br/> ==== | | ==== Aprovecho Research Center<br/> ==== |
| | | | |
| − | For almost 30 years, Aprovecho Research Center (ARC) consultants have been designing and implementing improved biomass cooking and heating technologies in more than 60 countries worldwide. Their website provides a wealth of useful information including construction materials. [http://www.aprovecho.org www.aprovecho.org] | + | For almost 30 years, Aprovecho Research Center (ARC) consultants have been designing and implementing improved biomass cooking and heating technologies in more than 60 countries worldwide. Their website provides a wealth of useful information including construction materials. |
| | + | |
| | + | [http://www.aprovecho.org -> www.aprovecho.org] |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | | | |
| | ==== Design Tool for Constructing an Institutional Rocket Stove with Chimney<br/> ==== | | ==== Design Tool for Constructing an Institutional Rocket Stove with Chimney<br/> ==== |
| Line 497: |
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| | With funding from GIZ HERA, Rocket Stove.org and Prakti Design Lab have developed a new automated tool that allows users to build a customized institutional rocket stove. The tool can be used to design a brick or metal institutional rocket stove with or without chimney for any institutional pot (30 L + capacity). | | With funding from GIZ HERA, Rocket Stove.org and Prakti Design Lab have developed a new automated tool that allows users to build a customized institutional rocket stove. The tool can be used to design a brick or metal institutional rocket stove with or without chimney for any institutional pot (30 L + capacity). |
| | | | |
| − | The stove options for this tool are: | + | <u>The stove options for this tool are:</u> |
| | | | |
| | *a fixed brick stove (w/out chimney) | | *a fixed brick stove (w/out chimney) |
| Line 503: |
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| | *a portable metal stove with circular combustion chamber (with chimney) | | *a portable metal stove with circular combustion chamber (with chimney) |
| | | | |
| − | [http://www.rocketstove.org/ http://www.rocketstove.org/] | + | [http://www.rocketstove.org/ -> http://www.rocketstove.org/] |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | | | |
| | ==== Rocket Stove Principle<br/> ==== | | ==== Rocket Stove Principle<br/> ==== |
| | | | |
| | An animation showing the rocket stove principle can be found here: [http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/rocketstoveanimation.gif http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/rocketstoveanimation.gif] | | An animation showing the rocket stove principle can be found here: [http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/rocketstoveanimation.gif http://vuthisa.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/rocketstoveanimation.gif] |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | | | |
| | ==== New Wood Fuel Stove Designs<br/> ==== | | ==== New Wood Fuel Stove Designs<br/> ==== |
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| | While it depends on the user to make sure that the fuel is dry, the air-flow depends on the stove design. In a natural draught stove, the movement of air is created by the chimney or stack height of the fuel. However, there must be a difference in temperature between the stove and the top of the chimney to generate draught. Natural draught is likely to cause incomplete combustion with higher emissions and energy losses through the chimney. Moreover, it is also difficult to regulate. | | While it depends on the user to make sure that the fuel is dry, the air-flow depends on the stove design. In a natural draught stove, the movement of air is created by the chimney or stack height of the fuel. However, there must be a difference in temperature between the stove and the top of the chimney to generate draught. Natural draught is likely to cause incomplete combustion with higher emissions and energy losses through the chimney. Moreover, it is also difficult to regulate. |
| | | | |
| − | ==== Wood Fuel Stoves with forced Convection<br/> ====
| |
| | | | |
| − | Instead of naturally ‘pulling’ air through a stove by stack height, fans or blowers are useful to ‘push’ air into the combustion chamber. This enhances a good air-fuel mix and thus, more complete combustion. Electricity is the most convenient power source to create a forced air-flow. It can be provided by batteries or, if available, through the grid. Recently, thermo-electric generators (TEG) have been developed to power fans in stoves. They use the temperature differences within the stove to generate electricity. Though TEGs have great potential to provide power to other applications (LEDs, cell phone charging) as well, they are still in their infancy. Forced convection can reduce emissions of stoves by up to 90 %, thus alleviating IAP levels. More test results from more widespread use are expected soon. | + | |
| | + | ==== Wood Fuel Stoves with Forced Convection<br/> ==== |
| | + | |
| | + | Instead of naturally ‘pulling’ air through a stove by stack height, fans or blowers are useful to ‘push’ air into the combustion chamber. This enhances a good air-fuel mix and thus, more complete combustion. Electricity is the most convenient power source to create a forced air-flow. It can be provided by batteries or, if available, through the grid. Recently, '''thermo-electric generators (TEG)''' have been developed to power fans in stoves. They use the temperature differences within the stove to generate electricity. Though TEGs have great potential to provide power to other applications (LEDs, cell phone charging) as well, they are still in their infancy. Forced convection can reduce emissions of stoves by up to 90 %, thus alleviating IAP levels. More test results from more widespread use are expected soon. |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | | | |
| | ==== Models developed by Others<br/> ==== | | ==== Models developed by Others<br/> ==== |
| | | | |
| − | Stovetec: [http://www.stovetec.net/us/stove-models http://www.stovetec.net/us/stove-models] | + | *Stovetec: [http://www.stovetec.net/us/stove-models http://www.stovetec.net/us/stove-models] |
| | + | *Envirofit: [http://www.envirofit.org/ http://www.envirofit.org/] |
| | + | *BioLite: [http://www.biolitestove.com/Technology.html http://www.biolitestove.com/Technology.html] |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | |
| | + | = References<br/> = |
| | + | |
| | + | This article was originally published by [http://www.gtz.de/en/themen/12941.htm GIZ HERA]. It is basically based on experiences, lessons learned and information gathered by GIZ cook stove projects. You can find more information about the authors and experts of the original “Cooking Energy Compendium” in the [[Imprint_-_GIZ_HERA_Cooking_Energy_Compendium|Imprint]]. |
| | + | |
| | + | <references /> |
| | | | |
| − | Envirofit: [http://www.envirofit.org/ http://www.envirofit.org/]
| |
| | | | |
| − | BioLite: [http://www.biolitestove.com/Technology.html http://www.biolitestove.com/Technology.html]
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| | | | |
| | [[Cooking with firewood#Firewood|Top of the page]] | | [[Cooking with firewood#Firewood|Top of the page]] |
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| | [[Category:Cooking_Energy]] | | [[Category:Cooking_Energy]] |
| | [[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium]] | | [[Category:Cooking_Energy_Compendium]] |
| | + | [[Category:Cookstoves]] |
| | [[Category:Improved_Cooking]] | | [[Category:Improved_Cooking]] |
| | [[Category:GIZ]] | | [[Category:GIZ]] |
| − | [[Category:Cookstoves]]
| |
Firewood has been used as a fuel since the beginning of mankind. It is renewable and relatively easy to produce, transport and store.
The main influencing agent for “a)” and “b)” is heat, whereas “c)” is regulated by the supply of oxygen. Find here more information and illustrating figures on pages 8-11 in the "manual on micro-gasification" .
Firewood can be used for cooking even in the absence of a “stove”. Even today, campfires are a popular leisure activity in developed countries.
The development of improved cook stoves is therefore facing a dilemma: the same characteristics are at the same time responsible for both complaints and appreciations of the open fire. There is no solution which can satisfy all the expectations. Any new stove will be a trade-off between different user needs. This dilemma is summarized in the table below.
Households have to prioritize their needs in order to come up with the decision if an improved cook stove is suitable for them. In areas with fuel scarcity, the need for reduced fuel consumption might be ranked higher than the need for space heating or lighting after dark.
Stoves for firewood have been developed for over 3000 years. Overviews on types and models have been developed from various entities. Below is just a selection of these:
The Aprovecho Institute in Oregon has analysed the design principles which can help to make firewood stoves more fuel-efficient. If all principles are applied, the result would be called a rocket stove, which was invented by Dr. Larry Winiarsky. For further details see www.aprovecho.org.
One of the most successful new concepts in stove design is the rocket stove principle.
All improved firewood stoves apply at least some of these aspects (listed below) geared toward increasing efficiency and improving heat transfer.
Quite a number of improved firewood stoves which – like this simple clay stove – adhere to many of the principles mentioned above and deliver some improvements compared to the 3-stone fire. They are an entry point for households into the use of improved cook stoves as they are more affordable than the sophisticated rocket stoves. Examples are: (see below for Factsheets)
For almost 30 years, Aprovecho Research Center (ARC) consultants have been designing and implementing improved biomass cooking and heating technologies in more than 60 countries worldwide. Their website provides a wealth of useful information including construction materials.
With funding from GIZ HERA, Rocket Stove.org and Prakti Design Lab have developed a new automated tool that allows users to build a customized institutional rocket stove. The tool can be used to design a brick or metal institutional rocket stove with or without chimney for any institutional pot (30 L + capacity).
Two major factors determine if woodfuels burn clean and efficient: its dryness and ventilation. Hence, the right amount of air on the right spot is necessary during the process to ensure a complete combustion.
While it depends on the user to make sure that the fuel is dry, the air-flow depends on the stove design. In a natural draught stove, the movement of air is created by the chimney or stack height of the fuel. However, there must be a difference in temperature between the stove and the top of the chimney to generate draught. Natural draught is likely to cause incomplete combustion with higher emissions and energy losses through the chimney. Moreover, it is also difficult to regulate.
Instead of naturally ‘pulling’ air through a stove by stack height, fans or blowers are useful to ‘push’ air into the combustion chamber. This enhances a good air-fuel mix and thus, more complete combustion. Electricity is the most convenient power source to create a forced air-flow. It can be provided by batteries or, if available, through the grid. Recently, thermo-electric generators (TEG) have been developed to power fans in stoves. They use the temperature differences within the stove to generate electricity. Though TEGs have great potential to provide power to other applications (LEDs, cell phone charging) as well, they are still in their infancy. Forced convection can reduce emissions of stoves by up to 90 %, thus alleviating IAP levels. More test results from more widespread use are expected soon.
