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| − | '''Introduction'''
| + | = Overview<br/> = |
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| − | In order to implement cost effective photovoltaic (PV) pumping system, it is necessary to follow some basic guidelines to design and size every system component. This page will explain about detailed calculation needed for sizing every system component. The basic step to design photovoltaic (PV) pumping system is: | + | In order to implement cost effective '''photovoltaic (PV''') pumping system, it is necessary to follow some basic guidelines to design and size every system component. This page will explain about detailed calculation needed for sizing every system component. <u></u> |
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| − | 1. Determination of water supply need
| + | <u>The basic step to design photovoltaic (PV) pumping system is:</u> |
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| − | 2. Calculation of pumping head
| + | #Determination of water supply need |
| | + | #Calculation of pumping head |
| | + | #Estimation of solar resource |
| | + | #Finding appropriate solar pump and inverter |
| | + | #Calculation of PV panel required |
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| − | 3. Estimation of solar resource
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| − | 4. Finding appropriate solar pump and inverter
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| − | 5. Calculation of PV panel required
| + | = Determination of Water Supply Need<br/> = |
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| − | '''Determination of Water Supply Need'''
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| | According to <ref name="Photovoltaic Pumping Overview">https://energypedia.info/index.php/Photovoltaic_(PV)_Pumping</ref>, there are two distinct application for photovoltaic (PV) pumping system; | | According to <ref name="Photovoltaic Pumping Overview">https://energypedia.info/index.php/Photovoltaic_(PV)_Pumping</ref>, there are two distinct application for photovoltaic (PV) pumping system; |
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| − | 1. Drinking water supply (domestic water supply)
| + | #Drinking water supply (domestic water supply) |
| | + | #Irrigation water supply |
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| − | 2. Irrigation water supply
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| | + | = Determination of Water Supply Need (domestic water supply)<br/> = |
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| − | '''Determination of Water Supply Need (domestic water supply)'''
| + | For domestic water supply, the first data needed is to estimate the water requirement for one person/day.<u></u> |
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| − | <br/>For domestic water supply, the first data needed is to estimate the water requirement for one person/day. A good estimate can be found from <ref name="Basic Water Needs for Human Activities">http://www.pacinst.org/reports/basic_water_needs/basic_water_needs.pdf</ref>, that relate how much water required to sustain particular activities. Here is the estimate: | + | <u>A good estimate can be found from <ref name="Basic Water Needs for Human Activities">http://www.pacinst.org/reports/basic_water_needs/basic_water_needs.pdf</ref>, that relate how much water required to sustain particular activities. Here is the estimate:</u> |
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| − | Purpose Recommended minimum (liter/person/day) | + | {| style="width: 100%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="1" |
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| | + | {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="1" height="305" width="297" |
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| | + | '''Purpose<br/>''' |
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| − | Drinking water 5
| + | | <p style="text-align: center">'''Recommended minimum'''</p><p style="text-align: center">'''(liter/person/day)<br/>'''</p> |
| | + | '''<br/>''' |
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| − | Sanitary services 20
| + | |- |
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| | + | Drinking water |
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| − | Bathing 15
| + | | <p style="text-align: center">5</p> |
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| | + | Sanitary services |
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| − | Cooking and Kitchen 10
| + | | <p style="text-align: center">20</p> |
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| | + | Bathing |
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| − | _______+
| + | | <p style="text-align: center">15</p> |
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| | + | Cooking and Kitchen |
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| − | Total 50 | + | | <p style="text-align: center">10</p> |
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| | + | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | |
| | + | '''Total<br/>''' |
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| | + | | style="background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204)" | <p style="text-align: center">'''50<br/>'''</p> |
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| | + | | For example, if there are a village with basic need of drinking water, bathing and sanitary services but no need for cooking; then it will require 5+20+15=40 liter/person/day. If the population is 300 persons, then the entire village will require 300 x 40 = 12 000 liter/day. Normally to compensate for water leakage on piping or distribution, 20% additional water will be required then the village will require 14 400 liter/day or 14.4 m3/day.<br/> |
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| − | For example, if there are a village with basic need of drinking water, bathing and sanitary services but no need for cooking; then it will require 5+20+15=40 liter/person/day. If the population is 300 persons, then the entire village will require 300 x 40 = 12 000 liter/day. Normally to compensate for water leakage on piping or distribution, 20% additional water will be required then the village will require 14 400 liter/day or 14.4 m3/day.
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| − | | + | = Calculation of Pumping Head<br/> = |
| − | '''Calculation of Pumping Head'''
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| | Pumping head is normally measured in meter (m), so sometimes there are misconception that pumping head is equal to pumping elevation. In actual, pumping head is divided into three components: elevation head, major losses head, and minor losses head. | | Pumping head is normally measured in meter (m), so sometimes there are misconception that pumping head is equal to pumping elevation. In actual, pumping head is divided into three components: elevation head, major losses head, and minor losses head. |
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| | Pumping Head (m) = Elevation Head (m) + Major Losses Head (m) + Minor Losses Head (m) | | Pumping Head (m) = Elevation Head (m) + Major Losses Head (m) + Minor Losses Head (m) |
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| − | 1. Elevation head is measured from the water source surface level to the point of outlet pipe level.
| + | #Elevation head is measured from the water source surface level to the point of outlet pipe level. |
| − | | + | #Major losses head is influenced by water flow rate, diameter of pipe, length of pipe, and type of pipe (PVC, HDPE etc) |
| − | 2. Major losses head is influenced by water flow rate, diameter of pipe, length of pipe, and type of pipe (PVC, HDPE etc)
| + | #Minor losses head is influenced by piping accessories including valve, elbow, inlet pipe etc |
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| − | 3. Minor losses head is influenced by piping accessories including valve, elbow, inlet pipe etc
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| − | The detailed explanation can be found on <ref name="Mathematic of Pumping Water">http://www.raeng.org.uk/education/diploma/maths/pdf/exemplars_advanced/17_pumping_water.pdf</ref>. | + | The detailed explanation can be found on<ref name="Mathematic of Pumping Water">http://www.raeng.org.uk/education/diploma/maths/pdf/exemplars_advanced/17_pumping_water.pdf</ref>. |
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| − | '''Estimation of Solar Resource'''
| + | = Estimation of Solar Resource<br/> = |
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| | Ideally, a ground based solar radiation measurement in location to be installed with solar water pumping system, is required in order to measure accurately the solar resource available for every part of the year. However, due to expensive equipment required, alternative data can be obtained from [http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/ http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/] for every part of the world freely or other solar resource data website available in the internet. | | Ideally, a ground based solar radiation measurement in location to be installed with solar water pumping system, is required in order to measure accurately the solar resource available for every part of the year. However, due to expensive equipment required, alternative data can be obtained from [http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/ http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/] for every part of the world freely or other solar resource data website available in the internet. |
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| − | Solar resources available per day is cited on unit of kWh/m2/day or PSH (peak sun hour) with 1 kWh/m2/day = 1 PSH. Common confusion of solar resource data understanding is usually with solar data cited on unit of W/m2 that describe power. What is needed on solar pumping design is data cited on energy. | + | Solar resources available per day is cited on unit of kWh/m2/day or PSH (peak sun hour) with 1 kWh/m2/day = 1 PSH. Common confusion of solar resource data understanding is usually with solar data cited on unit of W/m2 that describe power. |
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| − | 1. Solar Energy / Day --> cited on unit of kWh/m2/day or PSH (commonly used for solar pumping design)
| + | <u>What is needed on solar pumping design is data cited on energy:</u> |
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| − | 2. Instantaneous Solar Power --> cited on unit of W/m2 (only used for complex modelling)
| + | #Solar Energy / Day ► cited on unit of kWh/m2/day or PSH (commonly used for solar pumping design) |
| | + | #Instantaneous Solar Power ► cited on unit of W/m2 (only used for complex modelling) |
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| − | '''References'''
| + | = References<br/> = |
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| | <references /> | | <references /> |
For domestic water supply, the first data needed is to estimate the water requirement for one person/day.
Pumping head is normally measured in meter (m), so sometimes there are misconception that pumping head is equal to pumping elevation. In actual, pumping head is divided into three components: elevation head, major losses head, and minor losses head.
Pumping Head (m) = Elevation Head (m) + Major Losses Head (m) + Minor Losses Head (m)
Ideally, a ground based solar radiation measurement in location to be installed with solar water pumping system, is required in order to measure accurately the solar resource available for every part of the year. However, due to expensive equipment required, alternative data can be obtained from http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/ for every part of the world freely or other solar resource data website available in the internet.
Solar resources available per day is cited on unit of kWh/m2/day or PSH (peak sun hour) with 1 kWh/m2/day = 1 PSH. Common confusion of solar resource data understanding is usually with solar data cited on unit of W/m2 that describe power.
