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Metering and Billing Systems
From old.energypedia.info
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| − | = Standard kWh meter = | + | = Standard kWh meter = |
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| − | <u>Advantages</u>
| + | <u>Advantages</u> |
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| | {| width="200" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="right" | | {| width="200" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="right" |
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| | + | [[Image:Digital meter.jpg|thumb|right|Digital meter. Its price is about 120-150 USD]] |
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| | + | | [[Image:Standard kWh meter.jpg|thumb|Standard kWh meter. Its price is about 40-50 USD]] |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | *technique is "state of the art"<br> |
| | + | *billing is fair and transparent |
| | + | *reading can be uncoupled from tariff collection |
| | + | *allows amount and time related tariffs (demand steering) |
| | + | |
| | + | <u>Disadvantages</u> |
| | + | |
| | + | *high costs (metering device) |
| | + | *especially at rural areas in dev. countries the investment cost for a meter unit are way out of range<br> |
| | + | *dis- and re-connection in case of late payment |
| | + | |
| | = [[Image:Digital meter.jpg|thumb|right|Digital meter. Its price is about 120-150 USD]] = | | = [[Image:Digital meter.jpg|thumb|right|Digital meter. Its price is about 120-150 USD]] = |
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Revision as of 11:07, 2 June 2010
Standard kWh meter
Advantages
 Digital meter. Its price is about 120-150 USD |
 Standard kWh meter. Its price is about 40-50 USD |
- technique is "state of the art"
- billing is fair and transparent
- reading can be uncoupled from tariff collection
- allows amount and time related tariffs (demand steering)
Disadvantages
- high costs (metering device)
- especially at rural areas in dev. countries the investment cost for a meter unit are way out of range
- dis- and re-connection in case of late payment
Digital meter. Its price is about 120-150 USD
|
Standard kWh meter. Its price is about 40-50 USD
|
|}
- technique is "state of the art"
- billing is fair and transparent
- reading can be uncoupled from tariff collection
- allows amount and time related tariffs (demand steering)
Disadvantages
- high costs (metering device)
- especially at rural areas in dev. countries the investment cost for a meter unit are way out of range
- dis- and re-connection in case of late payment
Pre-paid system with coins or cards
Pre-paid system with coins or cards. Its price is about 40-80 USD
Advantages
- fair and transparent
- no meter reading
- no overdue costs
- no costs for dis- and re-connection
- close to “ability to pay”-variations
- coins less expensive than cards
Disadvantages
- relatively high cost for metering device
- less forgery proof
- costs for re-collection of coins and selling system for coins/cards
Current limiter
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Current limiter. The price may be less than 5 USD
Advantages
- simultaneously protecting against overcurrent (actual purpose)
- delimiting peak demand
- no meter reading required; flat rates according to max. amperage
Disadvantages
- danger of fraud and theft of switch fuses
- additional costs for replacement of cut out fuses
- time of usage not considered; less fair
Flat rate
Advantages
- very cheap (no metering or delimiting device)
- especially in rural areas of Indonesia quite common and accepted
- can be combined with number of appliances or installed wattage (social control)
Disadvantages
- provokes waste of electricity, no incentive for saving
- no load control / demand steering possible (peaks)
- less fair
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