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| − | = Current limiter = | + | = Current limiter / Fuses<br> = |
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| − | [[Image:Current limiter 1.jpg|thumb|Current limiter. The price may be less than 5 USD]] [[Image:Current limiter 2.jpg|thumb|Current limiter]]
| + | |
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| | <u>Advantages</u> | | <u>Advantages</u> |
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| − | *simultaneously protecting against overcurrent (actual purpose) | + | {| width="200" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="right" |
| − | *delimiting peak demand | + | |- |
| − | *no meter reading required; flat rates according to max. amperage | + | | [[Image:Current limiter 1.jpg|thumb|Current limiter / fuse; price may be < 5 USD]] |
| | + | | [[Image:Current limiter 2.jpg|thumb|fault current breaker]] |
| | + | |} |
| | + | |
| | + | *simultaneously protecting against overcurrent (actual purpose |
| | + | *cheap if simple versions<br> |
| | + | *no meter reading required => indirect power flat rate according to max. amperage |
| | | | |
| | <u>Disadvantages</u> | | <u>Disadvantages</u> |
| | | | |
| − | *danger of fraud and theft of switch fuses | + | *accuracy of cicuit breakers as load limiter fluctuates (even items from one batch have different trigger levels)<br>=> neigbours with same connections may be able to use different wattage<br> |
| − | *additional costs for replacement of cut out fuses | + | *fault current breaker are rarely available in < 1 Ampere range (1 A / 220 V => 220 Watt)<br> |
| | *time of usage not considered; less fair | | *time of usage not considered; less fair |
| − | | + | *melting fuses ale available and cheap but very easy to bridge (also temporarily) |
| | + | <br> |
| | <br> | | <br> |
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| | <br> | | <br> |
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| − | <br> | + | <br> |
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| | + | [[Category:load limiter]] |
| | + | [[Category:rural electrification]] |
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| | = Flat rate = | | = Flat rate = |
Revision as of 11:37, 2 June 2010
Standard kWh meter
Advantages
 Digital meter. Its price is about 120-150 USD |
 Standard kWh meter. Its price is about 40-50 USD |
- technique is "state of the art"
- billing is fair and transparent
- reading can be uncoupled from tariff collection
- allows amount and time related tariffs (demand steering)
Disadvantages
- high costs (metering device)
- especially at rural areas in dev. countries the investment cost for a meter unit are way out of range
- dis- and re-connection in case of late payment
Pre-paid system with coins or cards
Pre-paid system with coins or cards. Its price is about 40-80 USD
Advantages
- fair and transparent
- no meter reading
- no overdue costs
- no costs for dis- and re-connection
- close to “ability to pay”-variations
- coins less expensive than cards
Disadvantages
- relatively high cost for metering device
- less forgery proof
- costs for re-collection of coins and selling system for coins/cards
Current limiter / Fuses
Advantages
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Current limiter / fuse; price may be < 5 USD |
|
- simultaneously protecting against overcurrent (actual purpose
- cheap if simple versions
- no meter reading required => indirect power flat rate according to max. amperage
Disadvantages
- accuracy of cicuit breakers as load limiter fluctuates (even items from one batch have different trigger levels)
=> neigbours with same connections may be able to use different wattage
- fault current breaker are rarely available in < 1 Ampere range (1 A / 220 V => 220 Watt)
- time of usage not considered; less fair
- melting fuses ale available and cheap but very easy to bridge (also temporarily)
Flat rate
Advantages
- very cheap (no metering or delimiting device)
- especially in rural areas of Indonesia quite common and accepted
- can be combined with number of appliances or installed wattage (social control)
Disadvantages
- provokes waste of electricity, no incentive for saving
- no load control / demand steering possible (peaks)
- less fair
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