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| | The Kingdom of Lesotho is an enclaved, landlocked country in southern Africa completely surrounded by South Africa. It is just over 30,000 km<sup><font size="2">2</font></sup> (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population slightly over two million. Maseru is the capital as well as the largest city in Lesotho.<ref name="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho</ref> | | The Kingdom of Lesotho is an enclaved, landlocked country in southern Africa completely surrounded by South Africa. It is just over 30,000 km<sup><font size="2">2</font></sup> (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population slightly over two million. Maseru is the capital as well as the largest city in Lesotho.<ref name="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho</ref> |
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| | = Energy Situation<br/> = | | = Energy Situation<br/> = |
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| − | | colspan="2" style="width: 498px;" | Power Sector<br/> | + | | style="width: 498px;" colspan="2" | Power Sector<br/> |
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| | | style="width: 335px;" | Electrical capacity (2015) | | | style="width: 335px;" | Electrical capacity (2015) |
| | | style="width: 174px;" | 75 MW | | | style="width: 174px;" | 75 MW |
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| − | | style="width: 335px;" | <span style="font-size: 13.6px; line-height: 20.4px;">Share of Thermal</span><br/> | + | | style="width: 335px;" | <span style="line-height: 20.4px; font-size: 13.6px;">Share of Thermal</span><br/> |
| | | style="width: 174px;" | 0% | | | style="width: 174px;" | 0% |
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| − | | colspan="2" style="width: 514px; text-align: center;" | '''Energy Resources'''<br/> | + | | style="width: 514px; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | '''Energy Resources'''<br/> |
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| | | Hydropower (total) | | | Hydropower (total) |
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| | <br/>{{Go to Top}} | | <br/>{{Go to Top}} |
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| | = Renewable Energy = | | = Renewable Energy = |
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| | *Low awareness on renewable energy technologies and limited knowledge of potential resources. | | *Low awareness on renewable energy technologies and limited knowledge of potential resources. |
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| | = Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations<br/> = | | = Policy Framework, Laws and Regulations<br/> = |
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| | === National Strategic Development Plan 2012/13–2016/17 === | | === National Strategic Development Plan 2012/13–2016/17 === |
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| | The National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) is a strategy that aims to contribute to the broader National Vision 2020. The document explicitly highlights the fact that there is a potential for energy generation based on renewable sources, provided financial resources are available. The energy sector is regarded as a source of economic growth, climate change mitigation and eventually export revenues. For that the strategy articulates three goals: | | The National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) is a strategy that aims to contribute to the broader National Vision 2020. The document explicitly highlights the fact that there is a potential for energy generation based on renewable sources, provided financial resources are available. The energy sector is regarded as a source of economic growth, climate change mitigation and eventually export revenues. For that the strategy articulates three goals: |
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| | #Expand electricity access to centres of economic activity, other sectors and households. | | #Expand electricity access to centres of economic activity, other sectors and households. |
| | #Increase energy conservation, safety and access to alternative (non-electricity) energy products and efficient technologies.<br/> | | #Increase energy conservation, safety and access to alternative (non-electricity) energy products and efficient technologies.<br/> |
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| | {{Go to Top}} | | {{Go to Top}} |
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| | === <br/>Lesotho Energy Policy 2015-2025<br/> === | | === <br/>Lesotho Energy Policy 2015-2025<br/> === |
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| | <br/>{{Go to Top}} | | <br/>{{Go to Top}} |
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| | == Institutional Set up in the Energy Sector<br/> == | | == Institutional Set up in the Energy Sector<br/> == |
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| | According to SE4ALL report for Lesotho, The Ministry of Natural Resources through the Department of Energy is responsible for the overall administration and coordination of energy in Lesotho. Other relevant institutions and entities responding to the Department of Energy include the Petroleum Fund (PF), Lesotho Electricity Company (LEC), Lesotho Electricity Authority (LEA), Appropriate Technology Services (ATS), Lesotho Electrification Unit (LEU), National Rural Electrification Fund (NREF) to be established and Lesotho Electricity Generation Authority (LEGA). However, the Energy Policy 2015-2025 does not mention the Ministry of Natural Resources and refers instead to the Ministry of Energy, Meteorology and Water Affairs. This could mean that there has been a change in the names of the Ministries in the recent times.<br/> | | According to SE4ALL report for Lesotho, The Ministry of Natural Resources through the Department of Energy is responsible for the overall administration and coordination of energy in Lesotho. Other relevant institutions and entities responding to the Department of Energy include the Petroleum Fund (PF), Lesotho Electricity Company (LEC), Lesotho Electricity Authority (LEA), Appropriate Technology Services (ATS), Lesotho Electrification Unit (LEU), National Rural Electrification Fund (NREF) to be established and Lesotho Electricity Generation Authority (LEGA). However, the Energy Policy 2015-2025 does not mention the Ministry of Natural Resources and refers instead to the Ministry of Energy, Meteorology and Water Affairs. This could mean that there has been a change in the names of the Ministries in the recent times.<br/> |
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| − | {{Go to Top}} | + | |
| | === Institutional Overview of the Energy Sector in Lesotho<br/> === | | === Institutional Overview of the Energy Sector in Lesotho<br/> === |
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| | === Lesotho Electricity Authority (LEA)<br/> === | | === Lesotho Electricity Authority (LEA)<br/> === |
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| | There are other Ministries or agencies with overarching influence over the energy sector: Ministry of Development Planning; Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Mining; Ministry of Public Works and Transport; Water Commission; and Lesotho Revenue Authority. | | There are other Ministries or agencies with overarching influence over the energy sector: Ministry of Development Planning; Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Mining; Ministry of Public Works and Transport; Water Commission; and Lesotho Revenue Authority. |
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| | = Stakeholders = | | = Stakeholders = |
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| | Lesotho Electricity Corporation (LEC) generates, transmits, and distributes electricity. The company also owns and operates hydro power stations. LEC is wholly owned by the Government of Lesotho (GoL).<br/> | | Lesotho Electricity Corporation (LEC) generates, transmits, and distributes electricity. The company also owns and operates hydro power stations. LEC is wholly owned by the Government of Lesotho (GoL).<br/> |
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| | === Basotho Enterprises Development Corporation (BEDCO)<br/> === | | === Basotho Enterprises Development Corporation (BEDCO)<br/> === |
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| | The Basotho Enterprises Development Corporation (BEDCO) is a parastatal of the Government of Lesotho. The primary responsibility of the Corporation is the establishment and development of Basotho-owned enterprises. The main focus of BEDCO has been on entrepreneurial capacity building to promote the development of entrepreneurship in Lesotho. BEDCO has formal working relationships with both local and international business support stakeholders.<br/> | | The Basotho Enterprises Development Corporation (BEDCO) is a parastatal of the Government of Lesotho. The primary responsibility of the Corporation is the establishment and development of Basotho-owned enterprises. The main focus of BEDCO has been on entrepreneurial capacity building to promote the development of entrepreneurship in Lesotho. BEDCO has formal working relationships with both local and international business support stakeholders.<br/> |
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| | === Appropriate Technology Section<br/> === | | === Appropriate Technology Section<br/> === |
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| − | <br/>The Appropriate Technology Section (ATS) of the Ministry of Communication Science and Technology, an institution that was mandated to undertake appropriate technology research, the development and application of these technologies, and the dissemination of economically viable results thereof.<br/> | + | <br/>The Appropriate Technology Section (ATS) of the Ministry of Communication Science and Technology, an institution that was mandated to undertake appropriate technology research, the development and application of these technologies, and the dissemination of economically viable results thereof.<br/> |
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| | | | |
| | == Independent Power Producers<br/> == | | == Independent Power Producers<br/> == |
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| | In November 2011, Lesotho revealed plans for the Lesotho Highlands Power Project, under which a 10 gW renewable energy power-plant will be built. Unnamed Chinese firms will provide loans to finance about 80% of the project which is expected to cost 110 billion ZAR. Equity for the project will come from Breeze Power, a joint venture between the Lesotho government and South Africa's Harrison and White Investments.<br/>Of the 10 gW of power, 6 gW will come from wind energy, and 4 gW will come from pumped-storage hydro power. Construction on the first phase of the project is slated to begin in 2012 with the construction of a 150 mW wind farm. By 2016, 600 mW of the wind capacity is planned to be online. As part of this project, manufacturing facilities will be built in Lesotho and South Africa.<br/> | | In November 2011, Lesotho revealed plans for the Lesotho Highlands Power Project, under which a 10 gW renewable energy power-plant will be built. Unnamed Chinese firms will provide loans to finance about 80% of the project which is expected to cost 110 billion ZAR. Equity for the project will come from Breeze Power, a joint venture between the Lesotho government and South Africa's Harrison and White Investments.<br/>Of the 10 gW of power, 6 gW will come from wind energy, and 4 gW will come from pumped-storage hydro power. Construction on the first phase of the project is slated to begin in 2012 with the construction of a 150 mW wind farm. By 2016, 600 mW of the wind capacity is planned to be online. As part of this project, manufacturing facilities will be built in Lesotho and South Africa.<br/> |
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| | === PowerNET Developments (Pty) Ltd<br/> === | | === PowerNET Developments (Pty) Ltd<br/> === |
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| | <br/>The project involves the development of 42-turbine Letseng wind farm and has been approved by the Lesotho government. Lesotho’s first 25-35MW wind facility will be located near the diamond mine of Letseng La Terai in the highlands of Lesotho. PowerNET Developments (Pty) Ltd is a joint venture between South African energy consultancy NETGroup and Lesotho’s Powerdev Group.<br/> | | <br/>The project involves the development of 42-turbine Letseng wind farm and has been approved by the Lesotho government. Lesotho’s first 25-35MW wind facility will be located near the diamond mine of Letseng La Terai in the highlands of Lesotho. PowerNET Developments (Pty) Ltd is a joint venture between South African energy consultancy NETGroup and Lesotho’s Powerdev Group.<br/> |
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| | == Private Sector Associations and Civil Society Organisations<br/> == | | == Private Sector Associations and Civil Society Organisations<br/> == |
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| | The Lesotho Council of Non-Governmental Organisations (LCN) is an umbrella organization for NGOs in Lesotho. It was established in May 1990 with an objective of providing supportive services to the NGO Community. The Council implements this through networking and leadership training and development, information dissemination, capacity building, coordination, advocacy and representation when dealing with the government and the international community.<br/> | | The Lesotho Council of Non-Governmental Organisations (LCN) is an umbrella organization for NGOs in Lesotho. It was established in May 1990 with an objective of providing supportive services to the NGO Community. The Council implements this through networking and leadership training and development, information dissemination, capacity building, coordination, advocacy and representation when dealing with the government and the international community.<br/> |
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| | === Lesotho Association of Engineers === | | === Lesotho Association of Engineers === |
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| | Among other goals the LAE seeks to foster and promote the art and science of Engineering and its application in Lesotho and to facilitate the exchange of information. For that matter, they will cooperate with educational institutions and public educational authorities for the furtherance of education and training in Engineering Science and Practice.<br/> | | Among other goals the LAE seeks to foster and promote the art and science of Engineering and its application in Lesotho and to facilitate the exchange of information. For that matter, they will cooperate with educational institutions and public educational authorities for the furtherance of education and training in Engineering Science and Practice.<br/> |
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| | === <br/>Lesotho Solar Energy Society<br/> === | | === <br/>Lesotho Solar Energy Society<br/> === |
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| | Lesotho Solar Energy Society (LeSES) acts as a platform for the industry and clean energy expert groups to exchange information and implementation of an industry code of practice.<br/> | | Lesotho Solar Energy Society (LeSES) acts as a platform for the industry and clean energy expert groups to exchange information and implementation of an industry code of practice.<br/> |
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| | == Private Sector Companies<br/> == | | == Private Sector Companies<br/> == |
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| − | <br/> | + | = <br/>Further information<br/> = |
| − | {{Go to Top}}
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| | == Renewable Energy Training and Education in Lesotho<br/><br/> == | | == Renewable Energy Training and Education in Lesotho<br/><br/> == |
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| | {{Go to Top}} | | {{Go to Top}} |
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| | == Donor Activities in the Energy Sector<br/> == | | == Donor Activities in the Energy Sector<br/> == |
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| | = References = | | = References = |
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| | <references /> | | <references /> |
The Kingdom of Lesotho is an enclaved, landlocked country in southern Africa completely surrounded by South Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population slightly over two million. Maseru is the capital as well as the largest city in Lesotho.[1]
The National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) is a strategy that aims to contribute to the broader National Vision 2020. The document explicitly highlights the fact that there is a potential for energy generation based on renewable sources, provided financial resources are available. The energy sector is regarded as a source of economic growth, climate change mitigation and eventually export revenues. For that the strategy articulates three goals:
The Energy Policy establishes 15 sub-policies which can be grouped in the following themes and is further disaggregated in general strategies, but no specific activities and monitoring indicators are set:
- Develop standards, codes of practice and specifications for mini and off-grid solutions.
- Develop a database of local institutions and resources currently available to undertake energy-related research and analysis, and thereafter, assess skills and expertise thereof.
- Establish a support programme for the co-financing of energy research activities.
- Create an enabling environment that encourages investment in the energy sector. This may include facilitating the establishment of international/local and/or public/private partnership and Renewable Energy Feed-In-Tariffs (REFIT) programme.
- Promote research and development in the field of bioenergy and associated technologies for power generation, heat and fuel production
- Facilitate the establishment of Rural Energy Service Companies (RESCOs)
- Support applied research and development in energy efficiency programmes and activities
- Develop power purchase agreement (PPA) framework that will allow the private sector and cooperative associations to participate as Independent Power Producers (IPPs) in mini or micro hydro, wind, solar and biomass power generation
- Create a conducive environment for local entrepreneur participation in the electricity sector
- Introduce a wholesale tariff regulation that supports increased participation of private sector and cooperative associations in bulk purchasing and retailing of electricity
- Develop legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks to ensure security of energy supply and increased number of players in the electricity supply industry
According to SE4ALL report for Lesotho, The Ministry of Natural Resources through the Department of Energy is responsible for the overall administration and coordination of energy in Lesotho. Other relevant institutions and entities responding to the Department of Energy include the Petroleum Fund (PF), Lesotho Electricity Company (LEC), Lesotho Electricity Authority (LEA), Appropriate Technology Services (ATS), Lesotho Electrification Unit (LEU), National Rural Electrification Fund (NREF) to be established and Lesotho Electricity Generation Authority (LEGA). However, the Energy Policy 2015-2025 does not mention the Ministry of Natural Resources and refers instead to the Ministry of Energy, Meteorology and Water Affairs. This could mean that there has been a change in the names of the Ministries in the recent times.
From August, 2004 until April, 2013 the Authority was mandated with regulating the electricity sector. In 2007 the Government decided that the Lesotho Electricity Authority (LEA) should be transformed to be a multi-sector regulatory body assuming additional powers to regulate urban water and sewerage services in the country. LEWA officially started regulating both electricity and urban water and sewerage services sector on May, 2013. The Authority independently deals with matters such as electricity pricing, complaints handling and resolution and the supervision of the implementation of the Quality of Service and Supply standards (QOSSS) by its licensees.
There are other Ministries or agencies with overarching influence over the energy sector: Ministry of Development Planning; Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Mining; Ministry of Public Works and Transport; Water Commission; and Lesotho Revenue Authority.
Lesotho Electricity Corporation (LEC) generates, transmits, and distributes electricity. The company also owns and operates hydro power stations. LEC is wholly owned by the Government of Lesotho (GoL).
The Basotho Enterprises Development Corporation (BEDCO) is a parastatal of the Government of Lesotho. The primary responsibility of the Corporation is the establishment and development of Basotho-owned enterprises. The main focus of BEDCO has been on entrepreneurial capacity building to promote the development of entrepreneurship in Lesotho. BEDCO has formal working relationships with both local and international business support stakeholders.
In November 2011, Lesotho revealed plans for the Lesotho Highlands Power Project, under which a 10 gW renewable energy power-plant will be built. Unnamed Chinese firms will provide loans to finance about 80% of the project which is expected to cost 110 billion ZAR. Equity for the project will come from Breeze Power, a joint venture between the Lesotho government and South Africa's Harrison and White Investments.
Of the 10 gW of power, 6 gW will come from wind energy, and 4 gW will come from pumped-storage hydro power. Construction on the first phase of the project is slated to begin in 2012 with the construction of a 150 mW wind farm. By 2016, 600 mW of the wind capacity is planned to be online. As part of this project, manufacturing facilities will be built in Lesotho and South Africa.
The Lesotho Council of Non-Governmental Organisations (LCN) is an umbrella organization for NGOs in Lesotho. It was established in May 1990 with an objective of providing supportive services to the NGO Community. The Council implements this through networking and leadership training and development, information dissemination, capacity building, coordination, advocacy and representation when dealing with the government and the international community.
Among other goals the LAE seeks to foster and promote the art and science of Engineering and its application in Lesotho and to facilitate the exchange of information. For that matter, they will cooperate with educational institutions and public educational authorities for the furtherance of education and training in Engineering Science and Practice.
Lesotho Solar Energy Society (LeSES) acts as a platform for the industry and clean energy expert groups to exchange information and implementation of an industry code of practice.
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Donors
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Project
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Description
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US , African Development Bank, World Bank, Governments of Sweden, Norway, UK, European Commission, SE4All, IRENA, NEPAD
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Power Africa
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Power Africa’s is a regional project in sub-Saharan Africa which goal is to add more than 30,000 megawatts (MW) of cleaner, more efficient electricity generation capacity and 60 million new home and business connections. Power Africa works under three strategic pillars: (1) generation, (2) connections, and (3) unlocking energy sector. There is no specific information on the activities being carried n in Lesotho.
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IRENA, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)
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Biofuels Programme for Household and Transport Energy Use
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The overall objective of this continental project is to build the capacity targeted countries in Africa to promote the production and usage of biofuels in order to achieve sustainable development and poverty reduction. This project is implemented to support the United Nations Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative and the AUC Bioenergy Framework and Policy Guidelines.
The main activity of the project for all African countries is capacity building workshops as well as regional training on biofuel development. Advisory services are provided according to demand by individual countries. There is no specific information on Lesotho.
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Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland (Lead Donor), Austrian Development Agency, UK Department for International Development
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EEP Africa - Energy and Environment Partnership
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The programme started in 2002 in Central America before its implementation in South-East Asia and Southern and East Africa. The immediate objective of the programme is to contribute to the reduction poverty by promoting inclusive and job-creating green economy and by improving energy security in the Southern and East Africa regions while mitigating global climate change. In Lesotho, there are 2 on-going projects: 1) Biogas for Rural Households and Communities and 2) Feasibility Study for Semonkong Wind Energy Development aimed for installing a wind farm of 15MW installed capacity
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UNDP, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), European Commission (EC)
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Regional Energy Project for Poverty Reduction: Enhanced capacities of sub-regional and national institutions to deliver energy services
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Pan-African project seeking to provide policy, capacity and technical support to the Regional Economic Commissions (RECs) - and countries with energy access fully integrated into national development plans. The project also seeks to scale-up successful decentralized energy delivery models, as well to assist countries to develop national energy access programs and viable energy investment projects to expand the delivery of energy services to rural and peri-urban populations. Finally, they seek to establish a South-South knowledge network and systems for sharing of experiences and best practice. No further project information was found online.
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Australia, Denmark, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US.
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Strategic Climate Fund - Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program (SREP)
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The SREP is a global program providing 72 developing and middle income countries with resources to manage the challenges of climate change and reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. With regards to energy, the program provides concessional resources to scale up low carbon technologies in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable transport for increased energy access and economic growth in the world’s poorest countries.
Lesotho needs help from SREP to establish pilot Independent Power Producers (IPPs) from renewable energy sources and distribute electricity to rural areas. A project unit will be established within the Ministry of Energy, Meteorology and Water Affairs to specifically implement the project under SREP. Potential areas of SREP intervention might include on-grid renewable energy technologies (hydro, wind and solar), off-grid renewable energy technology (small hydro, solar photovoltaic and hybrid generation systems), capacity building in both the public and private sector and a funding facility for private sector initiatives such as energy efficient cook stoves and solar home systems.
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Canada, Finland, Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States, and the World Bank, Shell, Dow Corning Corporation, Deutsche Bank, CEMEx, Johnson & Johnson, and Morgan Stanley, GIZ (not exhaustive).
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Global Alliance For Clean Cookstoves
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The goal of this global project is to create a thriving global market for clean and efficient household cooking solutions in order to save lives, improve livelihoods, empower women, and protect the environment. The Alliance’s goal is to have 100 million households to adopt clean and efficient cook stoves and fuels by 2020. Lesotho is a country partner which means that the government has ascribed to the principles of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, including, a national commitment to support the adoption of clean cookstoves and fuels within their borders; to take a leadership role in employing clean cooking best practices and disseminating clean cookstoves and fuels; and providing in-kind services or funding to the Alliance for the execution of major clean cookstoves and fuels activities. Activities are undertaken in focus partners (Bangladesh, China, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda.
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European Commission
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11th European Development Fund. National Indicative Programme (NIP) 2014-2020
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The overall objective for this bilateral cooperation in the energy sector is to provide Lesotho's people and productive sectors with access to a modern, clean, affordable, sustainable and reliable energy supply. The specific objectives leading to this overall goal consistent with the NSDP are: effective and sustainable governance of the energy sector at the national level; a more sustainable and cleaner energy sector providing universal access to modern; affordable and reliable energy with a reduced reliance on biomass.
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European Union
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Southern African Sustainable Energy Initiative
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Regional project focused on developing capacity in the Higher Education Institutions of partner countries for national and regional planning, development and implementation of sustainable energy systems and projects. It is coordinated by the Namibia University of Science and Technology, in partnership with the University of Lesotho, University of Botswana and Hochschule Darmstadt in Germany.
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City of Gummersbach, Germany
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Development Cooperation Agreement
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This bilateral Cooperation Agreement mainly focuses on supporting the Kingdom of Lesotho on the transfer of skills and knowledge, as well as capacity building through apprenticeship training of Basotho in Gummersbach on hospitality and hotel management, metal works, carpentry and electrical works; support to Kindergartens in Lesotho; support in the health sector through the training of nurses and doctors, support and capacity building in the establishment and management of sustainable self-help projects for enhancing household food security and socio-economic development thereby enhancing self - reliance.
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Austrian Development Cooperation
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Southern African Solar Thermal Training and Demonstration Initiative (SolTrain)
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SolTrain is a Regional Project in Southern Africa that assists local institutions in improving the efficiency and quality of their solar systems and in building maintenance capacity. In Lesotho, it is implemented through the vocational school Bethel Business and Community Development Centre. This institution has taken the lead in harnessing solar energy and teaching solar energy utilization as a core curriculum component. BBCDC also operates a full-fledged energy services sales division which includes photovoltaics (PV) and solar water heating along with comprehensive construction solutions.
The overall goal of this project is to contribute to the switch from a fossil fuel based energy supply to a sustainable energy supply system based on renewable energies. This will be achieved by awareness creation and building up training capacities in Lesotho in the field of solar thermal technology and the improvement of the quality, performance and lifetime of solar thermal systems. In addition, the project aims to support the creation of new jobs for small and medium enterprises and is going to initiate and strengthen political support mechanisms for solar thermal systems in Lesotho.
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