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| | ==== Principles of Turbines for high, medium and low head conditions ==== | | ==== Principles of Turbines for high, medium and low head conditions ==== |
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| − | | [[Image:Pico-Turbines.jpg|thumb|left|319x319px|Pico-Turbines.jpg]] | + | | [[Image:Pico-Turbines.jpg|thumb|left|319x318px]] |
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| | Each type of turbine has its own features. | | Each type of turbine has its own features. |
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| | "Self made" Pico turbines usually are waterwheels or propeller turbines. The concept of pressurised pipes over high heads seems not to be common sense. One reason may be that channeling water towards a deep drop requires abstraction of existing landscape. It cannot be seen from a single standpoint. Informative materials may help to raise awareness for such potentials. | | "Self made" Pico turbines usually are waterwheels or propeller turbines. The concept of pressurised pipes over high heads seems not to be common sense. One reason may be that channeling water towards a deep drop requires abstraction of existing landscape. It cannot be seen from a single standpoint. Informative materials may help to raise awareness for such potentials. |
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| | ==== Experiences with certain pico turbines ==== | | ==== Experiences with certain pico turbines ==== |
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| − | '''TP100''' was developed 2008 by PT.Entec-Indonesia, to be produced in small workshops<br> | + | '''TP100''' was developed 2008 by PT.Entec-Indonesia, to be produced in small workshops<br> |
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| | | Power | | | Power |
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| | | 8 - 40 m @ 10 - 25 l/s<br> | | | 8 - 40 m @ 10 - 25 l/s<br> |
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| − | | Cost<br> | + | | Cost<br> |
| | | ~ 700 USD<br> | | | ~ 700 USD<br> |
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| − | Suitable for 1 - 50 household installations<br> | + | Suitable for 1 - 50 household installations<br> |
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| − | Additional cost*: 500 - 2000 USD<br> | + | Additional cost*: 500 - 2000 USD<br> |
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| − | <sup>*</sup>depending on length of transmission cable<br> | + | <sup>*</sup>depending on length of transmission cable<br> |
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| | Factsheets on site installations in Indonesia: | | Factsheets on site installations in Indonesia: |
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| − | [http://energypedia.info/index.php/File:Factsheet_Tp100_Salulombe_small.pdf Salulombe], [http://energypedia.info/index.php/File:Factsheet_Tp100_Garumpar_small.pdf Garumpar] | + | [http://energypedia.info/index.php/File:Factsheet_Tp100_Salulombe_small.pdf Salulombe], [http://energypedia.info/index.php/File:Factsheet_Tp100_Garumpar_small.pdf Garumpar] |
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| − | [[Image:Infobox Tp100.jpg|thumb|right|245x246px|Infobox Tp100.jpg]] | + | [[Image:Infobox Tp100.jpg|thumb|right|245x246px]] |
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| − | '''TC60 (100 W)'''<br> | + | '''TC60 (100 W)'''<br> |
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| | CIT in Bandung, Indonesia developed the "TC60" inspired by Vietnamese/Chinese low cost Open Flume turbine (OF turbine) design. Sales started at the beginning of 2007. With a price less than 300 USD makes TC60 an option for private energy supply for single households. It produces 100 W at site specifications of only 3 m head and a flow < 10 l/s. Total installation cost depend on cable length from turbine to house. (50 USD/ 100 m). | | CIT in Bandung, Indonesia developed the "TC60" inspired by Vietnamese/Chinese low cost Open Flume turbine (OF turbine) design. Sales started at the beginning of 2007. With a price less than 300 USD makes TC60 an option for private energy supply for single households. It produces 100 W at site specifications of only 3 m head and a flow < 10 l/s. Total installation cost depend on cable length from turbine to house. (50 USD/ 100 m). |
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| | | Power | | | Power |
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| − | Suitable for 1 - 5 households (lighting)<br> | + | Suitable for 1 - 5 households (lighting)<br> |
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| − | Additional cost*: 50 - 200 USD<br><sup>*</sup>depending on length of transmission cable <br><br> | + | Additional cost*: 50 - 200 USD<br><sup>*</sup>depending on length of transmission cable <br><br> |
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| − | | [[Image:Infobox TC60.jpg|thumb|right|245x245px|Infobox TC60.jpg]] | + | | [[Image:Infobox TC60.jpg|thumb|right|245x245px]] |
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| − | | <br> | + | | <br> |
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| | === Capacity === | | === Capacity === |
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| − | <br>Power output is limited by local conditions of height and amount of water available. Turbines are chosen by site conditions.<br>The following is an example for one specific turbine designed in Indonesia.<br> | + | <br>Power output is limited by local conditions of height and amount of water available. Turbines are chosen by site conditions.<br>The following is an example for one specific turbine designed in Indonesia.<br> |
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| − | <u>Explanation:</u>[[Image:Tp100 application-range example.jpg|right|509x291px|Tp100 application-range example.jpg]]<br>The colored lines indicate the power output at certain height/flow situations. The red horizontal line such turbine is technically not feasible, the blue "2 kW" line indicates a tech. maximum (for this specific turbine). The dotted lines separate three areas wherein turbines have certain sizes (30, 60 and 100 mm wide).<br>Example: at a site with 15 m height difference and a flow of 15 l/s the turbine can produce 1.5 kW (it will have a width of 60 mm). If on the same site (15 m) 25 l/s flow, power output will be 1.8 kW.<br> | + | <u>Explanation:</u>[[Image:Tp100 application-range example.jpg|right|507x291px|Tp100 application-range example.jpg]]<br>The colored lines indicate the power output at certain height/flow situations. The red horizontal line such turbine is technically not feasible, the blue "2 kW" line indicates a tech. maximum (for this specific turbine). The dotted lines separate three areas wherein turbines have certain sizes (30, 60 and 100 mm wide).<br>Example: at a site with 15 m height difference and a flow of 15 l/s the turbine can produce 1.5 kW (it will have a width of 60 mm). If on the same site (15 m) 25 l/s flow, power output will be 1.8 kW.<br> |
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| | <u>Remark: </u><br>to produce the same electric power by [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic]] you require about 50 m<sup>2</sup> PV-panels (and min. 20 batteries). | | <u>Remark: </u><br>to produce the same electric power by [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic]] you require about 50 m<sup>2</sup> PV-panels (and min. 20 batteries). |
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| − | <br> | + | <br> |
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| | === Pico Hydro Materials === | | === Pico Hydro Materials === |
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| − | '''Pump as Turbine'''<br> | + | '''Pump as Turbine'''<br> |
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| − | it is possible to use water pumps "backwards" as turbines. Advantages is a wide availability also from spare parts. <br> | + | it is possible to use water pumps "backwards" as turbines. Advantages is a wide availability also from spare parts. <br> |
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| − | => Manual how to plan a site by using a [http://energypedia.info/images/d/d8/PaT-Manual_1.2.doc Pump as Turbine] (PaT)<br> | + | => Manual how to plan a site by using a [http://energypedia.info/images/d/d8/PaT-Manual_1.2.doc Pump as Turbine] (PaT)<br> |
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| | '''A Buyers Guide''' | | '''A Buyers Guide''' |
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| | Canadian brochure of 56 pages. Containing general information about: planning, components, costs, examples and turbine producers of hydropower installations ranging from 200 W - 15 kW. "[http://energypedia.info/images/d/d1/MicroHydroGuide.pdf A Buyers Guide]" a nice overview, easy understandable.<br> | | Canadian brochure of 56 pages. Containing general information about: planning, components, costs, examples and turbine producers of hydropower installations ranging from 200 W - 15 kW. "[http://energypedia.info/images/d/d1/MicroHydroGuide.pdf A Buyers Guide]" a nice overview, easy understandable.<br> |
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| | + | [[Category:Hydro]] |
Pico hydropower is the only form of small renewable energy production which works continuously without battery storage. Where applicable it is the most cost efficient solution to supply electrical energy. Pico turbines can provide power for small clusters or even single households
Electricity has a high value so working systems will spread quickly.
In many countries self-made solutions can be found, whereby a wooden water wheel is coupled with a car-alternator to produce electricity. Professional solutions increase efficiency reliability and safety.
The colored lines indicate the power output at certain height/flow situations. The red horizontal line such turbine is technically not feasible, the blue "2 kW" line indicates a tech. maximum (for this specific turbine). The dotted lines separate three areas wherein turbines have certain sizes (30, 60 and 100 mm wide).
Example: at a site with 15 m height difference and a flow of 15 l/s the turbine can produce 1.5 kW (it will have a width of 60 mm). If on the same site (15 m) 25 l/s flow, power output will be 1.8 kW.
it is possible to use water pumps "backwards" as turbines. Advantages is a wide availability also from spare parts.
Canadian brochure of 56 pages. Containing general information about: planning, components, costs, examples and turbine producers of hydropower installations ranging from 200 W - 15 kW. "A Buyers Guide" a nice overview, easy understandable.
