|
|
| Line 54: |
Line 54: |
| | At the end of each module links for further readings and multimedia files are provided. This last page is also used to describe what tools supplement to the module. The tools are available online and users can adapt them to their specific needs. | | At the end of each module links for further readings and multimedia files are provided. This last page is also used to describe what tools supplement to the module. The tools are available online and users can adapt them to their specific needs. |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | + | |
| | === '''<span style="color:#879637;">Content of Modules</span>''' === | | === '''<span style="color:#879637;">Content of Modules</span>''' === |
| | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| Line 74: |
Line 75: |
| | [[SPIS Toolbox - Specifics of Solar Energy|Specifics of solar energy]]<br/> | | [[SPIS Toolbox - Specifics of Solar Energy|Specifics of solar energy]]<br/> |
| | | | |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 1. Analyze potentials and opportunities | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 1. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Analyze_Opportunities_and_Risks|Analyze opportunities and risks]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 1. Review potential risks and impacts | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 1.[[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Understanding_Groundwater|Understanding groundwater]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 1. Analyze potential | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 1. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Credit_Policy:_Analyze_Potential|Credit policy : Analyze potential]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 1. Collect data on site | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 1. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Collect_Data|Collect data on site]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 1. Select suitable installer | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 1. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Select_Suitable_Installer|Select a suitable installer]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 1. Establish and refine maintenance plan | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 1. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Establish_and_Refine_Maintenance_Plan|Establish and refine maintenance plan]] |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | [[SPIS Toolbox - Irrigation Principles|Irrigation principles SPIS]] | | | style="width: 57px;" | [[SPIS Toolbox - Irrigation Principles|Irrigation principles SPIS]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. Analyze risks and restrictions | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Analyze_Access_to_Finance|Analyze access to finance]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. Analyze water management | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Analyze_Water_Management_and_Regulation|Analyze water management and regulation]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. Risk analysis | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Credit_Policy:_Risk_Analysis|Credit Policy: Risk analysis]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. Determine water requirements and availability | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Analyze_Agricultural_Production_Options|Analyze agricultural production options]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. Plan site preparation and installation | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Plan_Preparation_and_Installation|Plan site preparation and installation]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. Select suitable service provider | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Select_Suitable_Service_Provider|Select suitable service provider]] |
| | |- | | |- |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | [[SPIS Toolbox - Solar Generator|1. Solar generator]] | | | style="width: 57px;" | [[SPIS Toolbox - Solar Generator|1. Solar generator]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. Analyze access to finance | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Define_Target_Group_and_Stakeholders|Define target group and stakeholders]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. Analyze water extraction | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Analyze_Water_Extraction|Analyze water extraction]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. Select/develop suitable financial instruments | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Credit_Policy:_Select/develop_Suitable_Financial_Instruments|Credit policy: Select/develop suitable financial instruments]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. Analyze agricultural production and rentability | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Determine_Water_Requirements_and_Availability|Determine water requirements and availability]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. Install | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Install|Install]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. Implement maintenance routines | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Implement_Maintenance_Routines|Implement maintenance routines]] |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. Mounting structure | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 2. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Mounting_Structure|Mounting structure]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. Compile promotion material | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Define_a_Promotion_Strategy|Define a promotion strategy]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. Analyze water governance<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Explore_Cooperative_Water_Governance|Explore cooperative water governance]]<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. Determine financing volume and profitability<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Loan_Assessment:_Determine_Financing_Volume_and_Profitability|Loan Assessment: Determine financing volume and profitability]]<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | Select system type<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Select_SPIS_Configuration|Select SPIS configuration]]<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. PVP acceptance text and system test<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Acceptance_Test_PVP|PVP acceptance test]]<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. Documentation and monitoring<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Implement_and_Monitoring|Implement and monitoring]]<br/> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. Controller and inverter | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 3. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Controller_and_Inverter|Controller and inverter]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. Plan and implement promotion activities | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Plan_and_Implement_Promotion_Activities|Plan and implement promotion activities]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. Adjust planning and operation principles<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Review_Potential_Risks_and_Impacts|Review potential risks and impacts]]<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. Assess credit risk and collateral<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Loan_Assessment:_Assess_Credit_Risk_and_Collateral|Loan assessment: Assess credit risk and collateral]]<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. Estimate system size and costs<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Estimate_System_Size_and_Costs|Estimate system size and costs]]<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. Documentation<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_System_Test|System Test]]<br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. Water Pump | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 4. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Water_Pump|Water Pump]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 6. Secure follow-up | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 6. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Secure_Follow-up|Secure follow-up]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 6. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Adjust_Planning_and_Operation|Adjust planning and operation]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 6. Adjust repayment plan to cash flow<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 6. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Loan_assessment:_Adjust_Repayment_Plan_to_Cash_Flow|Loan assessment: Adjust repayment plan to cash flow]]<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 6. Ask for quotations<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 6. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Assess_Financial_Viability|Assess financial viability]]<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 6. Handover and user training<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 6. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Documentation|Documentation]]<br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. Monitoring system | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 5. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Monitoring_System|Monitoring system]] |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 7. Evaluate quotations<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 7. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Pre-select_Potential_Suppliers|Pre-select potential suppliers]]<br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 7.[[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Hand-over_and_Training|Hand-over and user training]] |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 6. Reservoir | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 6. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Reservoir|Reservoir]] |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 8. Decide on contract provider<br/> | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 8. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Evaluate_Quotations_and_Assess_Quality|Evaluate quotations and assess quality]]<br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 7. Irrigation head | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 7. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Irrigation_Head|Irrigation head]] |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/>
| + | |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 9. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Contract_Supplier|Contract supplier]] |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 8. Fertigation system | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 8. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Fertigation_System|Fertigation system]] |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| Line 153: |
Line 154: |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | style="width: 57px;" | 9. Irrigation system | + | | style="width: 57px;" | 9. [[SPIS_Toolbox_-_Irrigation_System|Irrigation system]] |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> | | | style="width: 57px;" | <br/> |
| Line 220: |
Line 221: |
| | |} | | |} |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | + | |
| | | | |
| | === '''<span style="color:#879637;">Overview of Tools</span>''' === | | === '''<span style="color:#879637;">Overview of Tools</span>''' === |
Error creating thumbnail: convert: unable to open image `/var/www/ISWiki/prod/current/energypedia/images/9/91/A_Solar_Array_used_to_Pump_Water_from_the_Well.jpg': No such file or directory @ error/blob.c/OpenBlob/2641.
convert: no images defined `/tmp/transform_3cdb854-1.jpg' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/3044.
A solar array used to pump water from the well (source: Lorentz Chili)
Most water pumps utilized for irrigation purposes worldwide are powered by engines run on fossil fuels (diesel, petrol, gas) or on electricity supplied from the grid. Fossil energy sources are limited and emissions from their utilization have negative climate impacts. At the same time, the electricity supply in many developing countries is often insufficient and unreliable or wholly absent in rural areas. Moreover, prices of solar panels have reduced while the quality has improved. Today, solar pumps for irrigation have become an economical, technical and environmentally viable alternative to conventional pumping systems.
However, major hindrance for the uptake of the technology is still a lack of information on solar pumps for irrigation and its relatively high investment costs. The knowledge on the potentials, limitations and risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) is incomplete among policy makers, producers and other stakeholders. For example, SPIS are seldom designed in a way that producer needs and site specific conditions (environmental, agronomic and technical aspects) are comprehensively addressed. Consequently, the potential of the technology is not optimized, or worse, has negative ecological and economic impacts.
This manual provides up-to-date information on the technology and methods of promotion, as well as how to finance SPIS. Furthermore it gives insight into how SPIS are designed, set up and maintained. It is accompanied by a set of tools, such as maintenance check lists, data collection guidelines and design calculations. It strives to help find the optimal design of a system, thereby avoiding risks related to system efficiency, financial viability and the unsustainable use of water resources. The manual and tools target stakeholders who advise or finance medium-sized agricultural enterprises. These are agricultural (irrigation) extension advisors and credit officers / risk managers in financing institutions. Furthermore the manual support the advisory function of SPIS suppliers, by providing them with a holistic set of knowledge through which they can guide their clients towards a financially and environmentally sound decision.
The manual follows the course of action involved when giving advice on SPIS for an agricultural enterprise. It consists of this introduction and seven further modules. The modular approach enables the user to pick out specific information relevant to his/her situation. Each module however relates to and supplements the other modules.
- GET INFORMED specifies the components and common configurations of a SPIS. Each component is described in detail.
- PROMOTE & INITIATE provides important information and tips for someone who wants to promote the SPIS technology in a particular area. It focuses on the analysis of opportunities and risks, the stakeholders involved, as well as promotion strategies and activities.
- SAFEGUARD WATER focuses on water governance issues and potential negative impacts of (ground-)water depletion through solar pumping.
- FINANCE provides information to financial service providers financing or planning to finance SPIS. The module targets stakeholders at management level who decide on credit policies and loan officers who assess single loan applications for financing SPIS.
- DESIGN helps to select the suitable system configuration for a specific situation. A substantial set of tools helps to assess site conditions, select and design the appropriate type of SPIS and conduct a simplified financial viability assessment and calculates the detailed financial viability of the producer.
- SET UP provides information and tools to enable the installation of a SPIS. It focuses on the selection of installers, acceptance and system tests as well as documentation and hand over of the system.
- MAINTAIN elaborates on maintenance plans, the selection of service providers, regular routines and documentation and monitoring.
Error creating thumbnail: convert: unable to open image `/var/www/ISWiki/prod/current/energypedia/images/5/57/Logo_GIZ.gif': No such file or directory @ error/blob.c/OpenBlob/2641.
convert: no images defined `/tmp/transform_146b4a5-1.gif' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/3044.
