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| | Continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid<ref name="CIA World Factbook">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html</ref> | | Continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid<ref name="CIA World Factbook">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html</ref> |
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| − | Mean temperature (°C min/max)<ref name="UN Data" /> : 3.8/14.6 | + | Mean temperature (°C min/max)<ref name="UN Data">http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Kazakhstan</ref> : 3.8/14.6 |
| | | | |
| | === Resources: === | | === Resources: === |
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| | ==== Sources ==== | | ==== Sources ==== |
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| − | Type your text here
| |
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| | + | |
| | + | Biomass and hydropower |
| | + | <ref name="IEA">http://iea.org/stats/renewdata.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=KZ</ref> |
| | ==== Stability ==== | | ==== Stability ==== |
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| − | Type your text here
| + | |
| | + | |
| | + | The losses of energy in the transmission and distribution process are 25–50%. |
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| | == Energy Consumption == | | == Energy Consumption == |
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| | <br> | | <br> |
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| − | ==== Share of Solid Fuels ==== | + | ==== Share of Solid Fuels<ref name="WHO 2007">WHO 2007</ref> ==== |
| | + | |
| | + | Percentage of population using solid fuels as cooking energy. Solid fuels include charcoal, coal, cropwaste, dung and wood.<br>National: 11.6%, Urban: 5.5%, Rural: 25.2% |
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| | + | |
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| | + | ==== Solid Fuel Use Impact on Health<ref name="WHO" /> ==== |
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| | + | • Total annual deaths attributable to solid fuel use: < 100 persons<br>• Percentage of national burden of diseases attributable to solid fuel use: 0%<br> |
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| | === Electrification Rate === | | === Electrification Rate === |
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| − | Type your text here
| + | |
| | + | |
| | + | 72,7% |
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| | == Renewable Energies == | | == Renewable Energies == |
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| − | === Application === | + | === In Use === |
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| − | Type your text here
| + | wind and hydropower |
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| | + | === Potentials<ref name="INOGATE">http://www.inogate.org/index.php?option=com_inogate&view=countrysector&id=30&Itemid=63&lang=en</ref> === |
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| | + | Wind energy: Kazakhstan has enormous wind resources but only a small part of the wind potential is used; 500kv out of a potential of 1.3 trillion kWh of electric energy per year at the Jungar Gates.<br> |
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| − | === Potentials ===
| + | Despite the very favourable conditions for solar energy, there is little use of the resource. |
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| | ==== Solar Energy ==== | | ==== Solar Energy ==== |
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| | === Specific strategies (Biomass, renewable energies, rural electrification, energy access strategy etc.) === | | === Specific strategies (Biomass, renewable energies, rural electrification, energy access strategy etc.) === |
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| − | Type your text here
| + | |
| | + | |
| | + | RE-Law from 2009: 5% of Kazakhstan’s energy balance must by renewable by 2024. The law also uses feed-in tariffs and renewable energy certificates to encourage renewable energy investment. |
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| | == Institutional set up in the energy sector == | | == Institutional set up in the energy sector == |
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| | <references /> | | <references /> |
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| | + | <references /> |
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| | + | <references /> |
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| | + | <references /> |
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| | [[Category:Kazakhstan]] | | [[Category:Kazakhstan]] |
Revision as of 09:06, 1 November 2011
| Kazakhstan
|
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|
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Capital
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Astana (51°10′N 71°25′E)
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Official language(s)
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Kazakh (1st)/Russian (2nd)
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Government
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Presidential republic
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President
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Nursultan Nazarbayev
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Prime Minister
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Karim Massimov
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Total area
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2,724,900 km2
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Population
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16,600,000 (2011 estimate)
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Population- Rural
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41% (6.4 million)
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| Population- Urban
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59% (9.1 million)
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Population Density
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6 people/ km² (one of lowest in the world)
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Avg. Household size
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6 members
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Literacy Rate
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99.5%
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GDP (nominal)
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$180.147 billion
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GDP Per capita
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$10,951
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| GNI Per Capita
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$ 7769.40
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Currency
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Tenge (KZT)
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Time zone
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(UTC+5/6)
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Calling code
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+7-6xx, +7-7xx
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Environmental Sitution
Climate:
Continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid[1]
Mean temperature (°C min/max)[2] : 3.8/14.6
Resources:
natural gas, coal, major deposits of petroleum[1]
Forest situation [3]:
Land Area Covered by Forest: 1.2%
Forest Annual Rate of Change: -0.17%
Socioeconomical Situation
Income Sources[1]
Agriculture: 28%, Industry: 18%, Services: 54%
Energy Situation
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Energy Supply
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Electricity
Sources
Biomass and hydropower
[4]
Stability
The losses of energy in the transmission and distribution process are 25–50%.
Energy Consumption
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National Level
Electricity
Household Level
Share of Fuel Types
Share of energy types on cooking energy in urban areas of Kazakhstan. [5]
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Share of energy types on cooking energy in urban areas of Kazakhstan.[5]
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Share of Solid Fuels[6]
Percentage of population using solid fuels as cooking energy. Solid fuels include charcoal, coal, cropwaste, dung and wood.
National: 11.6%, Urban: 5.5%, Rural: 25.2%
Solid Fuel Use Impact on Health[7]
• Total annual deaths attributable to solid fuel use: < 100 persons
• Percentage of national burden of diseases attributable to solid fuel use: 0%
Type your text here
Access Rate
Electrification Rate
72,7%
Renewable Energies
In Use
wind and hydropower
Potentials[8]
Wind energy: Kazakhstan has enormous wind resources but only a small part of the wind potential is used; 500kv out of a potential of 1.3 trillion kWh of electric energy per year at the Jungar Gates.
Despite the very favourable conditions for solar energy, there is little use of the resource.
Solar Energy
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Wind Energy
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Biomass
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Biogas
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Hydro Power
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Other renewable Sources
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Key problems of the energy sector
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Policy framework, laws and regulations
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General Energy policy, Energy strategy
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Important Laws and regulations
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Specific strategies (Biomass, renewable energies, rural electrification, energy access strategy etc.)
RE-Law from 2009: 5% of Kazakhstan’s energy balance must by renewable by 2024. The law also uses feed-in tariffs and renewable energy certificates to encourage renewable energy investment.
Institutional set up in the energy sector
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Governmental institutions Private sector (enterprises, NGOs)
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Activities of other donors, activities of NGOs
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Existing projects
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Publications
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External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html
- ↑ http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Kazakhstan
- ↑ http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/
- ↑ http://iea.org/stats/renewdata.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=KZ
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 fckLRWHO 2010: WHO Household Energy Database
- ↑ WHO 2007
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref> tag;
no text was provided for refs named WHO
- ↑ http://www.inogate.org/index.php?option=com_inogate&view=countrysector&id=30&Itemid=63&lang=en
