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| − | = Overview<br> =
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| − | == Environmental Situation == | + | = Geography and Climatic Conditions = |
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| − | === Climate === | + | Turkmenistan is located in the south of Central Asia and covers a total of 488,100km squared. Flat desert covers 80% of the country, though there are some slight elevations along the border to Afghanistan and Iran. Water resources are very limited and the climate is mostly arid subtropical with little rainfall. In fact, Karakum Dester is one of the driest deserts in the world. The mean low temperature is 10.4 and the average high temperature is 23.2°C. <ref>UN-Data: http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Turkmenistan</ref> |
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| − | Subtropical desert
| + | Turkemenistan is also part of two main seismic zones of the world |
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| − | Mean temperature (°C min/max): 10.4 / 23.2 <ref>UN-Data: http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Turkmenistan</ref>
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| − | === Resources ===
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| − | Petroleum, natural gas
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| − | === Forest situation ===
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| − | Land area covered by forest: 8.8% <ref>FAO (2011): The State of the World's Forest</ref>
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| − | == Socioeconomical Situation ==
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| − | === Income Sources ===
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| − | Agriculture: 48.2%, industry: 14%, services: 37.8%
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| − | = Energy Situation =
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| − | == Energy Supply ==
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| − | === Electricity ===
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| − | ==== Sources ====
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| − | ==== Stability ====
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| − | == Energy Consumption ==
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| − | === National Level ===
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| − | ==== Electricity ====
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| − | === Household Level ===
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| − | ==== Share of Fuel Types ====
| + | Turkmenistan has enormous natural gas deposits and it therefore known as a "gas republic". It is also rich in petroleum. |
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| − | [[Image:Turkmenistan Urban Share.jpg|388x292px|Turkmenistan Urban Share.jpg]]
| + | Approximately 8.8% of the land area is covered by forest<ref>FAO (2011): The State of the World's Forest</ref> The deforestation rate was not available. |
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| | + | = Socioeconomical Situation = |
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| | + | National income sources shares are comprised of the following: agriculture 48.2%, industry 14%, services 37.8% |
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| − | [[Image:Turkmenistan Rural Share.jpg|378x267px|Turkmenistan Rural Share.jpg]]
| + | = National Energy Situation = |
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| | + | Turkmenistan's energy market is controlled by the State. |
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| | + | Primary energy shares (in 2008) consisted of 72.4% gas and 27.6% oil. |
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| − | ==== Share of Solid Fuels ====
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| − | ==== Solid Fuel Use Impact on Health ====
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| + | == Energy Supply == |
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| − | == Access Rate == | + | |
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| − | === Electrification Rate ===
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| − | == Renewable Energies == | + | = House Energy Situation = |
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| − | === Application ===
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| − | === Potentials ===
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| − | ==== Solar Energy ====
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| − | ==== Wind Energy ====
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| − | ==== Biomass ====
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| − | ==== Biogas ====
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| − | ==== Hydro Power ====
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| − | ==== Other renewable Sources ====
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| + | [[Image:Turkmenistan Urban Share.jpg|388x283px|Turkmenistan Urban Share.jpg]] |
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| − | == Key problems of the energy sector ==
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| + | [[Image:Turkmenistan Rural Share.jpg|376x267px|Turkmenistan Rural Share.jpg]] |
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| − | == Policy framework, laws and regulations ==
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| − | === General Energy policy, Energy strategy === | + | |
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| − | === Important Laws and regulations ===
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| − | === Specific strategies (Biomass, renewable energies, rural electrification, energy access strategy etc.) ===
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| − | == Institutional set up in the energy sector ==
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| − | === Governmental institutions Private sector (enterprises, NGOs) ===
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| − | === Activities of other donors, activities of NGOs ===
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| | = Existing projects = | | = Existing projects = |
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| − | = Publications<br> =
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| | = External links = | | = External links = |
Turkmenistan is located in the south of Central Asia and covers a total of 488,100km squared. Flat desert covers 80% of the country, though there are some slight elevations along the border to Afghanistan and Iran. Water resources are very limited and the climate is mostly arid subtropical with little rainfall. In fact, Karakum Dester is one of the driest deserts in the world. The mean low temperature is 10.4 and the average high temperature is 23.2°C. [2]
Turkmenistan has enormous natural gas deposits and it therefore known as a "gas republic". It is also rich in petroleum.
National income sources shares are comprised of the following: agriculture 48.2%, industry 14%, services 37.8%
Turkmenistan's energy market is controlled by the State.
Primary energy shares (in 2008) consisted of 72.4% gas and 27.6% oil.
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